Robust Sparsification for Matroid Intersection with Applications

In a finitely repeated game with asymmetric information, we experimentally study how individuals adapt the nature of their lies when settings allow for reputation building. Although some lies can be detected ex post by the uninformed party, others remain deniable. We find that traditional market mechanisms, such as reputation, generate strong changes in the way people lie and lead to strategies in which individuals can maintain plausible deniability; people simply hide their lies better by substituting deniable lies for detectable lies. Our results highlight the limitations of reputation to root out fraud when a deniable lie strategy is available. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: Financial support from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche [Grant ANR-14-CE28-0010-01] and from IDEXLYON at Universite de Lyon (project INDEPTH) within the Programme Investissements d’Avenir of the Agence Nationale de la Recherche [Grant ANR-16-IDEX-0005] is acknowledged. This research also benefited from the support of the Laboratory of Excellence CORTEX of the Agence Nationale de la Recherche [Grant ANR-11-LABX-0042] of Universite de Lyon within the program Investissements Avenir operated by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche [Grant ANR-11-IDEX-007]. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4526 .

HIV infection and Buruli ulcer in Africa

The Humanities and Social Sciences branch of France's Agence Nationale de la recherche (ANR) has adopted an OA mandate, requiring its grantees to deposit their peer-reviewed manuscripts in HAL-SHS, the humanities and social sciences section of HAL. (Thanks to Stevan Harnad.) Read the French original (in ROARMAP) or Google's English.

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. The authors did not receive specific funding for this work. The ON laboratory is supported by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale (FRM), the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), and the European Union. The LQM laboratory is supported by the Institut Pasteur, CNRS, FRM and ANR. The funders had no role in decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. Provenance: Commissioned, externally peer reviewed.

This article explores the communication model and nature of change in terms of deforestation in China since 1949. Through Lasswell's communication model and the theory of change and via historical analysis and extended literature review, we have discovered: First, Mao's government adopted an effective one-way top-down communication model with Chinese characteristics during 1949 and 1978, which facilitated deforestation in China leading to massive economic dislocation and immense waste of resources. Second, the Chinese government's change to practical ideology brought about new administrative practices of enacting forest protection laws and reorientating the relevant workforces to use available technologies for the production of exported furniture with imported timber. Finally, the paradigmatic shift in the Chinese forest management has partially relocated deforestation from China to other countries, which calls for urgent international attention.

Almost one year after the announcement of the French National Plan for Open Science, the intervention aims at presenting a progress report on achievements in strengthening bibliodiversity and setting up a National Open Science Fund, two of the objectives of the Plan. At the national level, the work was carried out within a working group the Open Science Committee. Four complementary aspects were taken into account: •the establishment of exemplary criteria to assess infrastructures and platforms in terms of governance, ethics, openness and sustainability. These 40 criteria are to be used in the evaluation of the initiatives that will apply to the National Open Science Fund. •support for the strategic orientation of the National Open Science Fund. •the drafting of recommendations for the implementation of Plan S by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), which is member of cOAlition S. •information exchange and coordination with other initiatives such as OA2020 and SCOSS. At the institutional level, several initiatives have made it possible to initiate greater financial support for open science. Four case studies illustrate this fact: •the launch of an open science fund with a 800 K€ budget by the 18 French major research universities (Curif), •the establishment of a network of open access journals incubators run by 12 institutions (Reperes), •the support of 43 French libraries for the first campaign aiming at funding open access monographs in French the reallocation of part of the savings due to the non-renewal of the subscription to the Springer journals package by the universities of Lorraine and Rennes-1.

Humoral signatures of Caspr2-antibody spectrum disorder track with clinical phenotypes and outcomes.

We examine traders’ order submission strategies during the Euronext preopen, which uses price-time priorities to arrange opening trades via a call auction. Preopening order submissions follow a J-shape pattern. Sophisticated proprietary traders arrive late, consistent with information leakage concerns. Slow clients arrive early and place aggressive orders to advertise their trading needs and strategically gain time priority. Their early order submissions often occur in stocks with an increase in the tick size and on days with expected liquidity shocks. They also contribute to daily price discovery. Using a preopening outage as a natural experiment, we show that the Euronext preopen improves price discovery on a rival venue. These benefits hold even in the absence of an opening auction taking place. This paper was accepted by Lin William Cong, finance. Funding: Financial support from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche [Grants ANR-16-CE26-0008, ANR-17-EURE-0010 (Investissements d’Avenir program)]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.03998 .

Accurate monitoring of volcanic activity demands expertise in fields including geophysics, geology, and geochemistry. Data obtained from the most recent technical advances are particularly vital in pre-eruptive phases. In particular, seismic monitoring in near real time is essential to locating and discriminating early signs among different sources of seismic waves, especially those related to movement and overpressure in underground fluids. Among the major indicators of volcanic restlessness are fumaroles, or gas and steam vents, often located near a volcanic summit. Their activity could be monitored by seismometers in their vicinity, but today’s standard instruments cannot last very long when exposed to the high temperatures and the billowing, sulfurous, acidic gases near a fumarole. Conventional gear may also not be accessible for emergency deployment, or repair, even in pre-eruptive phases. La Soufrière de Guadeloupe Volcano in the Caribbean typifies such challenges. Its last significant event was a phreatic (gas and steam) eruption in 1976 that prompted evacuation of the archipelago’s nearby capital. Since early 2018, the 1467-meter-high stratovolcano has shown signs of increased activity. To provide a hardy, high-resolution monitoring system, we installed a recently developed type of seismometer just 10 m from a vigorous summit fumarole. The sensor is a purely opto-mechanical geophone that is interrogated through a 1.5 km fiber-optic cable by a remote, and thus it is a much safer optic-electronic system down the volcano’s flank. The ESEO Group and the Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP) started development of this novel seismometer in 2008. The 2019 Guadeloupe installation is part of the HIgh PERformance SeISmometer (HIPERSIS) project (French Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR]). It is, to our knowledge, the first high-resolution optical seismometer ever installed on an active volcano or other active, hazardous zone. We report here the details of this installation, the means we are using for measurements, and our implementation strategy, and we share some of the first results. Such an optical seismometer, as well as a variety of other geophysical sensors built on the same principle, can be installed in a wide variety of sites with fibers up to 50 km long.

International audience

The following text was omitted from the authors' financial disclosure: This work was also supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR, http://www.agence-nationa...) [grant number ANR-06-3-13-7148].

Despite recent notable progress in medical sciences, cancer remains a leading cause of human death worldwide, accounting for about one-quarter of human deaths in wealthy countries and about one-eighth worldwide (Ferlay et al. 2010). In fact, the progress in cancer research has been slower compared with that achieved related to other pathologies, such as cardiovascular disorders. This is mainly because of the enormous complexity of this disease, which exhibits sophisticated cellular mechanisms that are the targets of evolutionary processes driven by random genetic and epigenetic mutations.

Changes in dynamics of excess mortality rates and net survival after diagnosis of follicular lymphoma or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: comparison between European population-based data (EUROCARE-5)

The increasing human use of natural resources induces global environmental change that impacts climate, biogeochemical cycles, biodiversity, animals and plants as well as human society. Most research on climate change focuses on uncertainties in climate projections and calculation of mitigation costs. The Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), a French public organization devoted to competitive project funding in both fundamental and applied research, launched two successive three-year calls for proposals on ‘Vulnerability, Climate and Society’ in 2006 and ‘Global Environmental Changes and Society’ in 2009, thus enlarging the topics and recognizing their impacts by developing the concepts of resilience and adaptation. A total number of 75 projects have been financed. More than half of them have a geographical focus on climate change and natural resources in different parts of the world (i.e. France, Africa, Asia, the Mediterranean region, and Arctic and Antarctic zones). Most projects are interdisciplinary. Important ethical issues appear in the topics and methods chosen. Some research projects focus on the causes and effects of climate change in the past and in the present. Others are more concerned about what we can do about climate change in the future and its consequences on rural, urban and peri-urban societies. Frequent issues relate to trust, democracy, vulnerability, participation and community development, as well as knowledge gaps and divides. Ethical issues related to global environmental changes are evolving and focusing increasingly on human beings and their behavior.

350 years ago, the pendulum clock for astronomical observations was diverted to become an instrument for measuring gravity. The measurement of the parallax of Mars by Richer and Cassini from Cayenne and Paris showed that the period of a periodic oscillator depends on the gravity field. A link was thus established between the improvement of time measurement and the knowledge of the phenomena that govern it. Since then, the performance and nature of clocks have evolved considerably. Today, atomic clocks are used in various fields that are essential to modern society, such as the realisation of international atomic time (TAI), satellite navigation (GNSS), geodesy, the traceability of trading events, etc.In the framework of the french ANR ROYMAGE, we are interested in the contribution of a transportable optical field clock for geoscience applications by using the principle of chronometric geodesy. The idea is based on the gravitational redshift, a relativistic effect that predicts that the beat of a clock depends on the speed at which it is moving and the strength of the surrounding gravitational potential. In practice, this means that if we compare the beat of two clocks, then it is possible to directly measure a difference in gravitational potential (or a change in height) between these two clocks. This type of measurement is original because classical geodetic techniques only allow to determine the potential indirectly from gravimetric and classical levelling data.In this work, we model the gravitational signature (potential, acceleration and tensor) of a mass anomaly as a function of its geometry, depth, size and density contrast. These synthetic simulations allow us to identify which types of structures can be detected by clock comparison measurements with a relative frequency uncertainty fixed at 10-17-18-19 (i.e. a vertical sensitivity of less than 10 cm - 1 cm - 1 mm respectively). We are also interested in the spatial resolution required for a clock measurement to detect two mass anomalies depending on its orientation. Finally, we show that this new chronometric observable combined with gravimetry and gradiometry data could allow a better separation of the sources by adding an additional constraint thanks to the medium and long wavelength gravitational information it provides.The authors acknowledge the support of the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) under reference ANR-20-CE47-0006.