RProtoBuf: Efficient Cross-Language Data Serialization inR

At present, most enterprises have a heterogeneous environment of legacy application, which lead to many “information isolated islands”. Enterprises become more and more eager to share data in business processes over different systems. Traditional Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) methods usually integrate applications from peer to peer which has many defects. In This paper, a kind of EAI framework based on Web Services (WSEAI) has been put forward, which has nothing with any platform and programming language, so it can make the enterprise applications integrated together without gap. We have been successfully putting the EAI framework in one logistical company’s WebGPS system and realized the integration based on Web Services.KeywordsEAIWSEAIWeb servicesWebGPS system

Different semantic models for a nondeterministic programming language are defined, analysed, and compared in the formal framework of algebraic specifications of programming languages by abstract types. Four abstract types are given representing choice ("erratic") nondeterminism, backtrack ("demonic") nondeterminism, unbounded ("angelic") nondeterminism and loose nondeterminism. The classes of algebras of these types represent classes of semantic models. A comparison of these classes of semantic models shows the connections and differences between the four different concepts of nondeterminism as found in programming languages.

Every business or government agency needs to track information regarding their finances, their employees, and the items or assets they own and manage. Software applications that track this type of information are called enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. Managing these assets in an integrated application allows an organization to have a consistent view across the entire enterprise. This enterprise-wide view allows ERP systems to go beyond the traditional transaction-based accounting systems maintained at the organization level and deliver fully integrated financial and human capital management based on industry-derived best practices across organizations. In response to the pressures of global competition, enterprises today are forging ahead with the mission of integrating information systems across corporate boundaries to unite customers, suppliers and any other business partners with which they interact. And in the mean time, with the development of the society, more and more people have to go many places because the job makes them and working at home also becomes more and more popular. Those people who are not at the place of their company also want to continue their work in other places even at home. The old style ERP system is in C/S model and cannot satisfy with the needs. So it is very necessary to upgrade the ERP system. This paper will go to figure out the application of the Web service in the upgrading of ERP system. In this paper, we focus on that how to upgrade or renew a C/S ERP system to an ERP system with B/S model and the application of Web service. We use the J2EE architecture and XML technology to provide Web service and upgrade/renew the former ERP system. UML tools play a very important role in the upgrading procedure. We use UML to analysis and design the B/S ERP system, which based on the C/S version. We use JSP to act as the view of the system because of its flexibility. In the Web service, the XML is necessary. So the XML technology is also used. In the end of the paper, we will figure out how these technologies to be used through a concrete example.

Structural operational semantics is a simple, yet powerful mathematical theory for describing the behaviour of programs in an implementation-independent manner. This book provides a self-contained introduction to structural operational semantics, featuring semantic definitions using big-step and small-step semantics of many standard programming language constructs, including control structures, structured declarations and objects, parameter mechanisms and procedural abstraction, concurrency, nondeterminism and the features of functional programming languages. Along the way, the text introduces and applies the relevant proof techniques, including forms of induction and notions of semantic equivalence (including bisimilarity). Thoroughly class-tested, this book has evolved from lecture notes used by the author over a 10-year period at Aalborg University to teach undergraduate and graduate students. The result is a thorough introduction that makes the subject clear to students and computing professionals without sacrificing its rigour. No experience with any specific programming language is required.

A web service is a software system that supports interoperable machine to machine interaction over the network. It can be any kind of service provided on the web that can exchange data between applications. In simple terms, it is any program that is callable by another program across the web using standard protocols. Web services are special because they are independent of the platform, programming language, and model design. In current web applications, more businesses are gradually publishing their business as services over the web. This growing number of web services available within an organization and on the Web raises a new and challenging search problem: locating desired web services. Searching for web services with conventional web search engines is insufficient in this context. In this paper, a latent semantic web service discovery and composition framework, addressing both discovery and composition of web services, is introduced. The framework provides a graphical visualization interface that can facilitate users in finding the desired web service beyond the general keyword search and provide composition of complex services if the service does not exist. A novel approach based on an information retrieval technique known as latent semantic analysis is applied to a large web service descriptions data set collection. By using co-occurrence patterns across the entire data collection, and then using those patterns to infer semantic relationships between documents, relevant results in a ranked order can be retrieved. Moreover, a back to front algorithm is applied to the composition search interface in order to compose complex web services in full or partial terms from pre-existing web services when the requested service does not exist. An experimental study conducted on a collection of 2525 publicity available web service shows improved performance to the technique applied in obtaining much better search results.

Although information and Internet technology developed rapidly, how to realize flexible integration of enterprise application, and how to realize coordination of the heterogeneous information system and automation of the business process, have been core issues that need to be further researched. Application of Web Services and WS-BPEL can solve this problem. By using Web Services, which is platform-independent and loosely coupled, business process can be adapted to rapidly changing environment. On the other hand, BPM combination of services for process planning and management can further improve business efficiency and lower development cost. In this paper, based on the web services and WS-BPEL, utilizing a typical commercial model, the web services of business process are developed, and the method of using WS-BPEL for process planning is explored. At the same time, web services orchestration is fulfilled through the WS-BPEL, commercial model of process automation instance is established. In the end, business process automation is implemented and tested accordingly.

Boolean Web-service automata (BWA) for distributed Web services are introduced as a parallel model for interaction and interoperability between applications. Boolean automata are a generalization of nondeterministic automata. The generality of BWA leads to high degree of parallelism and efficient composition among Web service applications. We also consider two formalisms - (1) deterministic Web-service automata (DWA), a model supporting Web service composition, (2) conversation Web-service automata (CWA), a conversation model supporting Web service interaction. DWA and CWA complement BWA in conjunction with the composition and conversation operations.

BackgroundNext-Generation-Sequencing (NGS) enables detection of microorganisms present in biological and other matrices of various origin and nature, allowing not only the identification of known phyla and strains but also the discovery of novel ones. The large amount of metagenomic shotgun data produced by NGS require comprehensive and user-friendly pipelines for data analysis, that speed up the bioinformatics steps, relieving the users from the need to manually perform complex and time-consuming tasks.ResultsWe describe here HOME-BIO (sHOtgun MEtagenomic analysis of BIOlogical entities), an exhaustive pipeline for metagenomics data analysis, comprising three independent analytical modules designed for an inclusive analysis of large NGS datasets.ConclusionsHOME-BIO is a powerful and easy-to-use tool that can be run also by users with limited computational expertise. It allows in-depth analyses by removing low-complexity/ problematic reads, integrating the analytical steps that lead to a comprehensive taxonomy profile of each sample by querying different source databases, and it is customizable according to specific users’ needs.

Mobile technology applications have proven more interesting and more capable with each passing year, and continue to be a technology with new surprises. In this paper, we present a software development for weather report which is motivated as a cell phone programme application for web service. Users can get the latest weather information without accessing to the specific weather website. In addition, weather information can be deployed on any cell phone with internet explorer. Web Services, MIDlet programming is the technology applied in this paper. Weather report is designed as a two-tier structure, web application server and client. Web services are generated and published on the web. On client side, user, on the MIDP platform, can interact with web services with the agreement on SOAP protocol. In this paper, how to deploy web services, and the differences and constraints of MIDlet programming are presented.

Modern science commonly uses computer modelling. Thousands of scientific model are daily transformed to computers programs and tested. The transformation must overcome the gap between abstract human formal notation and low level semantics of contemporary programming languages. The simultaneous knowledge of specific scientific models and programming languages is an unpleasant necessity for a significant proportion of scientists and practitioners (engineers, economist, etc.). But a solution exists - accommodation of programming languages to mental models of their users. The article discuss one partial solution - implementation of domain specific languages in the heart of existing universal languages by mechanisms of metaprogramming. This mechanism overcomes limitations of classical programming languages and complexity of creation new languages from scratch. However, the support of metaprogramming in contemporary languages is limited to isolated and peripheral constructs in very few languages. These constructs are demonstrated by simplified but real examples (metaobject system of Python, monads in F# and macro-based metaprogramming of Boo language) together with discussion of their advantages and disadvantages. The discussion of examples is aimed to finding requirements for new languages and their implementation in a original (parent) language.

In the Web Service Composition (WSC) domain, Web Services (WSs) execute in a highly dynamic environment, as a result, the Quality of Service (QoS) of a WS is constantly evolving, and this requires tracking of the global optimization overtime to satisfy the users’ requirements. In order to make a WSC adapt to such QoS changes of WSs, we propose a self-healing model for WSC. Self-healing is the automatic discovery, and healing of the failure of a composite WS by itself due to QoS changes without interruption in the WSC and any human intervention. To the best of our knowledge, almost all the existing self-healing models in this domain substitute the faulty WS with an equivalent one without paying attention to the WS selection processes to achieve global optimization. They focus only on the WS substitution strategy. In this paper, we propose a self-healing model where we use our hybrid approach to find the optimal WSC by using Parallel Genetic Algorithm based on Q-learning, which we integrate with K-means clustering (PGAQK). The components of this model are organized according to IBM’s Monitor, Analyse, Plan, Execute, and Knowledge (MAPE-K) reference model. The PGAQK approach considers as a module in the Execute component. WS substitution strategy has also been applied in this model that substitutes the faulty WS with another equivalent one from a list of candidate WSs by using the K-means clustering technique. K-means clustering is used to prune the WSs in the search space to find the best WSs for the environment changes. We implemented this model over the NET Framework using C# programming language. A series of comparable experiments showed that the proposed model outperforms improved GA to achieve global optimization. Our proposed model also can dynamically substitute the faulty WSs with other equivalent ones in a time-efficient manner

This textbook is intended for an introductory course on Compiler Design, suitable for use in an undergraduate programme in computer science or related fields.Introduction to Compiler Design presents techniques for making realistic, though non-optimizing compilers for simple programming languages using methods that are close to those used in real compilers, albeit slightly simplified in places for presentation purposes. All phases required for translating a high-level language to machine language is covered, including lexing, parsing, intermediate-code generation, machine-code generation and register allocation. Interpretation is covered briefly.Aiming to be neutral with respect to implementation languages, algorithms are presented in pseudo-code rather than in any specific programming language, and suggestions for implementation in several different language flavors are in many cases given. The techniques are illustrated with examples and exercises.The author has taught Compiler Design at the University of Copenhagen for over a decade, and the book is based on material used in the undergraduate Compiler Design course there.Additional material for use with this book, including solutions toselected exercises, is available at http://www.diku.dk/~torbenm/ICD

We describe ongoing work on building an environment to support reasoning in proof assistants that represent formal systems using higher-order abstract syntax (HOAS). We use a simple and general specification language whose syntax supports HOAS. Using this language, we can encode the syntax and inference rules of a variety of formal systems, such as programming languages and logics. We describe our tool, implemented in OCaml, which parses this syntax, and translates it to a Coq library that includes definitions and hints for aiding automated proof in the Hybrid system. Hybrid itself is implemented in Coq, and designed specifically to reason about such formal systems. Given an input specification, the library that is automatically generated by our tool imports the general Hybrid library and adds definitions and hints for aiding automated proof in Hybrid about the specific programming language or logic defined in the specification. This work is part of a larger project to compare reasoning in systems supporting HOAS. Our current work focuses on Hybrid, Abella, Twelf, and Beluga, and the specification language is designed to be general enough to allow the automatic generation of libraries for all of these systems from a single specification.

One of the key factors for automation systems in the domains smart grids, digital factories and modern process systems are the permanently shift of their requirements. Thus, software has to be evolve over time. This issue has been addressed by different solutions for evolving automation software. Though, they have their specific benefits, but lacks on deficiencies like a specific (non-standard) programming model, specific programming languages and a very narrow focus of a specific automation domain. In contrast to this a novel approach will be discussed to provide a more flexible and quite general solution, a common middleware, to reconfigure automation software dynamically with minimal downtime. A middleware to integrate different programming languages, container systems, frameworks, libraries, control applications and drivers as well.

One of the modern paradigms to develop an application is object oriented analysis and design. In this paradigm, there are several objects and each object plays some specific roles in applications. In an application, we must distinguish between procedural semantics and declarative semantics for their implementation in a specific programming language. For the procedural semantics, we can write a set of instructions that must be executed sequentially. The declarative semantics declare a set of facts and rules. They do not specify the sequence of steps for doing the processing. In this paper, we present four taxonomies for the rules in object-oriented paradigm and discuss how the paradigm can be extended to support declarative semantic of applications. Then, the rules in the taxonomies are evaluated in four case studies. After that, an approach is recommended for finding and implementation of declarative semantics, based on some practical experience obtained from the evaluation.