Rule-based and object-based event structures for membrane systems

Event extraction plays an important role in legal applications, including case push and auxiliary judgment. However, traditional event structure cannot express the connections between arguments, which are extremely important in legal events. Therefore, this paper defines a dynamic event structure for Chinese legal events. To distinguish between similar events, we design hierarchical event features for event detection. Moreover, to address the problem of long-distance semantic dependence and anaphora resolution in argument classification, we propose a novel pedal attention mechanism to extract the semantic relation between two words through their dependent adjacent words. We label a Chinese legal event dataset and evaluate our model on it. Experimental results demonstrate that our model can surpass other state-of-the-art models.

This paper introduces projective systems for topological and probabilistic event structures. The projective formalism is used for studying the domain of configurations of a prime event structure and its space of maximal elements. This is done from both a topological and a probabilistic viewpoint. We give probability measure extension theorems in this framework.

The etioplast internal membranes are organized in two structural systems, the paracristallin prolamellar body (PLB) and few prothylakoids (PT), young lamellae extending from the PLB. Protochlorophyll(ide)protein complexes are located in these membranes systems. They exist in at least three different forms: two of them are photoreducible: (P/657,650 and P/645,639), the third one (P/633,629) is non photoreducible. Under illumination, the photoreducible complexes are reduced to a chlorophyllide-complex and the PLB loses its regular configuration, giving rise to primary thylakoids (Henningsen, Boynton, 1969). This paper reports the structural changes occuring after a 1 msec flash illumination in isolated etioplast membranes.

In the design of structures, incorporating resilient structural systems is important to protect the structures in extreme or abnormal load events. In many cases, these systems are necessary to ensure continued operation of an essential facility, although it is also important in protecting the investment associated with a major development, or the preservation of historic buildings. Various systems have been developed to accommodate abnormal loads caused by seismic ground motions that are designed to create a high level of resiliency. The intent of this paper is to consider resiliency for a range of building types and the benefits of enhanced seismic structural systems when subjected to extreme loads. Because the Ninth District U.S. Court of Appeals, San Francisco, constructed in 1905, is so important historically, the building was seismically retrofitted to include friction pendulum bearings under existing columns, located just above the foundation level. At 365 Main Street, San Francisco, an existing 1940s non-ductile reinforced concrete warehouse was converted into a stateof-the-art internet co-location facility by introducing seismic isolation as well as an entirely self-sufficient fully redundant building services systems allowing for continued operation after an extreme seismic event. The Cathedral of Christ the Light in Oakland, California, combines seismic isolation with a reinforced concrete structure to achieve a building with a desired life of hundreds of years, even though the site is only a few kilometers from the Hayward Fault. The 222 South Main Office Building, Salt Lake City and the San Diego Central Courthouse use a diagonal system of unbonded braces and viscous dampers respectively to address building resiliency.

Promoting and underlining the importance of structural thinking, Structural Systems: Behaviour and Design will provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the behaviour of a wide range of structural systems based on the load-carrying mechanisms involved. Bringing together a wide array of structural types and covering the behaviour and design of both steel and reinforced concrete (prestressing inclusive), the author employs an integrated qualitative and quantitative approach to the examination of each structural element. Topics are introduced in a logical manner, building on concepts discussed and explained in previous chapters, providing readers with a sound understanding of the universal principles of structural behaviour and enabling them to apply safe conceptual and preliminary designs, whatever design codes they are working with. Building on the fundamental concepts and basic structural systems covered in Volume 1, this volume looks at the more advanced topics of spatial structural systems, dynamic behaviour and seismic response, and soil-structure interaction. Each topic is treated in a predominantly practical way and supported throughout with illustrative diagrams, equipping readers with the analytical tools and structural understanding required to undertake the design of complex structures, including bridges, buildings, space covering roofs and foundations.

Polymorphic phase behaviour of lipid mixtures as detected by 31P NMR. Evidence that cholesterol may destabilize bilayer structure in membrane systems containing phosphatidylethanolamine

Properties of ganglioside GM1 in phosphatidylcholine bilayer membranes

The basic membrane computing concepts used in the models presented in the next chapters are introduced. A basic transition membrane system, membrane systems with active membranes, a neural-like network of membranes and a spiking neural membrane system are defined and some simple examples are provided.

Local time membrane systems and time Petri nets

An equivalent stiffness approach for modelling the behaviour of compression members according to Eurocode 3

The implementation of a general and flexible method of formulating problems of mathematical programming in structural and multidisciplinary optimization systems is described. The method, which is based on the so-called bound formulation, enables the formulation and solution of problems involving local, integral, mintmax, maxlmin and possibly non-differentiable user-defined functions in any conceivable mix and using user-defined mathematical functions. The computer implementation involves a parser capable of interpreting and performing symbolic dfierentiation of the user defined functions. A sample problem of thermo-elasticity is given. It is concluded that this approach is well suited for multidisciplinary design optimization systems. 1. Motivation One of the great challenges of research in design automation is the development of practically applicable systems for multidisciplinary design optimization. Such systems will, if they are truly generally applicable, cause a revolution in the way design laboratories work. Several papers with the focus on system design rather than single applications have emerged in recent years. Some examples are Esping (1986), Rasmussen (1989), Papalarnbros & Chirehdast (1990), Choi & Chang (1991), Botlun et. al. (1 992), Rasmussen et. al. (1993), and Cardoso & Santos (1 993). Obtaining the necessary generality, however, is a very difficult task. Designing even simple components involves many different considerations. For the sake of the argument, we may categorize them into groups of increasing complexity: The functional behavior, for instance weight, energy consumption, power output, efficiency, eigenfrequencies, strength, stiffness, pressures, velocities, accelerations, temperatures, electric and magnetic properties, etc. These qualities can often be modeled mathematically and analyzed by means of digital computers. The fabricational behavior, for instance the cost of machining, the necessary production facilities, the necessary manpower, stock and inventory, financial requirements, etc. These properties are usually very difficult to analyze because of the many degrees of freedom in choice of production planning and processes, the dependency of other products manufactured simultaneously, and even the dependence on the economic boundary conditions formed by the outside world. The aesthetic properties that are impossible to evaluate objectively, but are none the less tightly connected with the functional and fabricational properties. For instance, the shape of the hull of a ship determines strength, stiffness and drag properties, but it also forms an important part of the visual impression. In the development of multidisciplinary systems, we have only begun to cover the first category of product properties, so it may be argued that there is still a long way to go. At the Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Aalborg University, Denmark, a system for multidisciplinary design optimization is under development. The system is called 'Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering '+~esearch Assistant Copyright O 1994 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. All rights reserved.

Crustaceans are known for their unrivalled diversity of sexual systems, as well as peculiar mating associations to achieve maximum mating success and fertilization accomplishment. Although sexes are separate in most species, various types of hermaphroditism characterize these predominantly aquatic arthropods. A low operational sex ratio between female and male, together with temporally limited receptivity of females towards males, imposes restrictions on the structuring of mating systems in crustaceans. The basic mating systems consist of monogamy, polygamy, mate guarding and pure searching. Understandably, ecological influences may also play a determinative role in the evolution of such sexual and mating systems in crustaceans. An important outcome of the crustacean sexual biology is the development of complex social structures in many aquatic species, in much the same way insects have established them in terrestrial conditions. In addition, groups like isopods and certain families of brachyuran crabs have shown terrestrial adaptation, exhibiting peculiar reproductive modes, sometimes reminiscent of their terrestrial counterparts, insects. Many caridean shrimps, living in symbiotic relationship with other marine invertebrates in the coral reef habitats, have reached pinnacle of complexity in sexuality and peculiar mating behaviours, resulting in communal living and establishing advanced social systems, such as eusociality.

On the degree of parallelism in membrane systems

RFID-enabled product supply chain visibility is usually implemented by building up a view of the product history of its activities starting from manufacturing or even earlier with a dynamically updated e-pedigree for track-and-trace, which is examined and authenticated at each node of the supply chain for data consistence with the pre-defined one. However, while effectively reducing the risk of fakes, this visibility can't guarantee that the product is authentic without taking further security measures. To the best of our knowledge, this requires deeper understandings on associations of object events with the counterfeiting activities, which is unfortunately left blank. In this paper, the taxonomy of counterfeiting possibilities is initially developed and analyzed, the structure of EPC-based events is then re-examined, and an object-centric coding mechanism is proposed to construct the object-based event “pedigree” for such event exception detection and inference. On this basis, the system architecture framework to achieve the objectivity of object event visibility for anti-counterfeiting is presented, which is also applicable to other aspects of supply chain management.

Encephalitis lethargica epidemic milestones in early sleep neurobiology researches