SafeEntry Garage: A Motion-Activated Automatic Door System for Enhanced Security

Day in, day out millions of people all around the world use public transportation systems. Within a metropolis, local rail transport is usually the only cheap and efficient way to get from one place to another. This is making new demands on the rail-bound mass transit. The door system needs to be robust, reliable, maintainable, safe and unaffected by the environment in order to guarantee an efficient train service. Because of round the clock operation of these trains, it is difficult to maintain the door systems regularly. They also get exposed to harsh environment like rain, sunlight and rough handling which may lead to malfunction. Safety is a very important constraint in any mass transit system and any malfunction in the door system can lead to severe mishap. Considering all the above constraints, we are proposing Linear Switched Reluctance Motor (LSRM) based door systems for railway carriages. The phase independent nature of LSRM makes it the best choice for door systems application as it can be made to operate even if any phase fails to work. This paper presents a clear design guide for a longitudinal flux single sided LSRM. The design parameters have been verified using two dimensional finite element analysis (2D-FEA). Finally a prototype has been built and tested. Test results imply the features of LSRM that make it a strong candidate for door systems of railway carriages.

A vehicle's door is frequently used by a driver or passengers. When a vehicle is parked at incline, it is not easy to open or close doors because of gravity force and external disturbances. Moreover, there might cause a safety problems for a weak or a disabled person. Therefore, there is increasing demand for automation of vehicle's door. In this study, an automatic swing door mechanism for a passenger car is proposed by using a parallel force/velocity actuator (PFVA) based on a Dual-Input-Single-Output (DISO) framework. PFVA has two distinct actuators. One is force actuator(FA) with a low reduction gear train, the other is velocity actuator(VA) with a high reduction gear train. It can be effectively used in combining velocity control with force compensation application. First, we formulated a kinematics and a dynamics of automatic swing door system with PFVA as input, and then a simulation environment was developed for a feasibility test by using a kinematic and a dynamic model. Finally, a velocity control with force compensation was performed by using the developed simulation environment. VA was faithfully followed a reference velocity trajectory for opening and closing a door, and FA was able to compensate a gravity torque and an inertial disturbance torque coming from the VA.

Design of Automatic Sliding Door System for Negative Pressure Isolation Room Modularization

Advances in technology today require humans to increase their effectiveness and efficiency in various ways. Basically the purpose of creating a tool is to help human work to be more effective and efficient. Thus, humans are expected to function in a relatively short time, especially when it comes to safety. The parking lot is a medium that is used as a way of getting in and out of vehicles. Anticipating some problems in the parking lot, for example: losing parking papers, losing cars in parking lots, and preventing illegal parking at high levels. Then we need an automatic parking door system. This final project aims to build a prototype of an IoT-based automated parking system.
 This project is a simple parking simulator with a microcontroller device programmed to use the Arduino idea. Hardware integrated with mysql database and run by simple web. The automated parking system is designed using nodemcu lolin, expansion board, 16x2 + i2c LCD adapter, mini mp3 dfplayer, 0.5 watt ohm earbuds, infrared sensor, rfid rc522 and SG90 servo motor. Infrared sensor detects vehicle, rfid receives input by tapping card and then gives output to i2c and web. Furthermore, the output from the LCD goes to the service motor which opens and closes the parking door, and the dfmp3 player, as well as the speaker which makes a sound when the card is tapped. This prototype automatic parking system can provide access and close automatic parking doors which saves time and effort. It can be concluded that the prototype of this IoT automatic parking system can be used as a guide for the development of a better technology.

The door system on modern railway vehicles is a crucial element in ensuring smooth operation and passenger safety. The current essential load-bearing components within the plug sliding door systems on urban rail vehicles are mainly constructed from metal materials. The imperative maintenance to ensure door safety and operational efficiency is recognized within the industry. During the maintenance of the metal load bearing, the repairers need to remove the old lubricant grease and apply a new one. This procedure increases the cost of the door system’s maintenance and poses the risk of environmental contamination. To address the above consequences, the car builder and the door supplier embark on an initiative to explore the feasibility of replacing these key metal components with non-metal alternatives. This change is aimed at potentially getting rid of the need for lubrication during a single vehicle overhaul period. This article underscores a strategic approach toward enhancing the reliability and cost-effectiveness of urban rail vehicle operations.

In contemporary technological landscapes, sensors play a pivotal role in enabling diverse applications across industries, from healthcare to manufacturing. This paper undertakes a thorough investigation on system performance (reliability and availability of a system), focusing on the critical interplay between baseline performance, performance with integrated sensors and performance considering sensor reliability, recognizing the foundational importance of sensors in data-driven decision-making processes. The research employs a causation-based approach to systematically develop functional relations within the system. The failures identified of each component and functional relationships will then be analyzed using a simulation technique to understand the inherent performance of the engineering system. From here, a genetic algorithm is used to design a sensor set and tailor it for an engineering system, providing a foundation for conducting trade studies in the paper's subsequent sections. Through rigorous quantitative analysis and simulations, we compare the impacts of the performance of the sensor set design compared to the baseline performance. The paper then investigates the complexities of sensor reliability on overall system performance. Through advanced simulations, we elucidate the potential cascading effects that variations in sensor reliability can have on the system's performance. By exploring these ripple effects, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of how sensor reliability plays a crucial role in determining the success of complex systems. Beyond the immediate considerations of sensor characteristics, the paper analyses the maintenance aspects of sensors by performing a series of analyses to suggest maintenance aimed at improving the sensor and hence system reliability. Highlighting the relationship between sensor reliability and system performance, this section stresses the critical role of consistent maintenance practices in ensuring sustained data quality and system functionality. In conclusion, this paper aims to highlight the different perspectives that can be analyzed to understand the reality of system performance, considering facets such as sensor maintenance and reliability. It also aims to demonstrate various approaches that can be applied to engineering systems to uncover truths about sensor performance and reliability.

The parallel plate capacitive humidity sensor based on the grid upper electrode is considered to be a promising one in some fields which require a humidity sensor with better dynamic characteristics. To strengthen the structure and balance the electric charge of the grid upper electrode, a strip is needed. However, it is the strip that keeps the dynamic characteristics of the sensor from being further improved. The numerical method is time- and cost-saving, but the numerical study on the response time of the sensor is just of bits and pieces. The numerical models presented by these studies did not consider the porosity effect of the polymer film on the dynamic characteristics. To overcome the defect of the grid upper electrode, a new structure of the upper electrode is provided by this paper first, and then a model considering the porosity effects of the polymer film on the dynamic characteristics is presented and validated. Finally, with the help of software FLUENT, parameter effects on the response time of the humidity sensor based on the microhole upper electrode are studied by the numerical method. The numerical results show that the response time of the microhole upper electrode sensor is 86% better than that of the grid upper electrode sensor, the response time of humidity sensor can be improved by reducing the hole spacing, increasing the aperture, reducing film thickness, and reasonably enlarging the porosity of the film.

DOB (Disturbance Observer) is an useful control method for estimating the disturbance applied to dynamic systems. Disturbance observer can be used to implement a robust control system to generate a control input for rejecting the disturbance, and it can be also used to estimate the disturbance to obtain information. The system that uses disturbance estimation is investigated for high performance control such as automatic door systems, walking robot and electric power steering system in vehicles. In this paper, a novel disturbance observer which is called disturbance and current observer for estimating load torque in the motor system is proposed. The difference between the DOB for disturbance rejection and DCOB is mathematically verified. Current and angular velocity are required for estimating the load torque of the motor in DOB. However, the DCOB can estimate load torque and current without current sensor. DCOB is designed based on modeling of the motor system. Appropriate Q-filter is selected and the applicability of DCOB is verified by simulation. The estimated disturbance and current of the electric motor can be verified without current sensor, as experiments of the actual motor system.

This paper proposes a precise position control of an automatic door using a disturbance observer. Although the conventional PID controller is usually used for an automatic door system, the demand of the robust controller considering the parameter deviations and disturbances is increasing due to the various size and weight of a door. The linear model for an automatic door system is presented. Based on this model, the LQR controller using a state feedback controller and an observer are suggested. A disturbance observer to compensate the undesirable factors is also proposed. Simulation and Experimental results are presented to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed control strategy.

Doors are an important part of any room. Sometimes there is difficulty opening and closing the front door or worrying about manually locking the door. A reliable security system is needed to secure goods or valuables, one of which is by building a security system that uses RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) as an authentication tool so that users who can enter the room can be selected because they have access. Sometimes having trouble opening and closing the front door or worrying about manually locking the door. Technological developments to replace doors with automatic locks also pay attention to the security system. Along with the rapid application of technology, this creates an innovative idea for automatic door safety devices. The purpose of this research is to find a solution to the problem of how to build an automatic door system and door security using RFID (Radio Frequency Identification).

Biosensing of catechol via amperometry using laccase immobilized nickel oxide/graphite modified screen-printed electrodes

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogen that infects wounds and burns and causes severe infections in immunocompromised humans. The high virulence, the rise of antibiotic-resistant strains, and the easy transmissibility of P.aeruginosa necessitate its fast detection and control. The gold standard for detecting P.aeruginosa, the plate culture method, though reliable, takes several days to complete. Therefore, developing accurate, rapid, and easy-to-use diagnostic tools for P.aeruginosa is highly desirable. Nanomaterial-based biosensors are at the forefront of detecting P.aeruginosa and its secondary metabolites. This review summarises the biorecognition elements, biomarkers, immobilisation strategies, and current state-of-the-art biosensors for P.aeruginosa. The review highlights the underlying principles of bioreceptor layer engineering and the design of optical, electrochemical, mass-based, and thermal biosensors based on nanomaterials. The advantages and disadvantages of these biosensors and their future point-of-care applications are also discussed. This review outlines significant advancements in biosensors and sensors for detecting P.aeruginosa and its metabolites. Research efforts have identified biorecognition elements specific and selective towards P.aeruginosa. The stability, ease of preparation, cost-effectiveness, and integration of these biorecognition elements onto transducers are pivotal for their application in biosensors and sensors. At the same time, when developing sensors for clinically significant analytes such as P.aeruginosa, virulence factors need to be addressed, such as the sensor's sensitivity, reliability, and response time in samples obtained from patients. The point-of-care applicability of the developed sensor may be an added advantage since it enables onsite determination. In this context, optical methods developed for P.aeruginosa offer promising potential.

The image is blurred and shaken when the object through a flow with random refractive index distribution. As the response time of the image detector is far longer than that of the random disturbance, what the detector actually detects is an integral picture within the response time. Therefore, researches on the mean image quality within the detector's response time are great helpful to image recovering and correction.In this paper, Monte Carlo method is used to simulate the time-related random fluctuation of the inhomogeneous medium, which can be treated statistically. According to the mean value and variance of the refractive index at each position within the random medium during detector's response time, many sample refractive distributions are generated to describe the disturbance with time. And then, ray trace through the generated medium with different refractive index distribution is made, and the spot diagram at each sample medium is summed up as the final result. Finally, taking the flowing liquid as an example, we obtained the spot diagram through a medium with disturbance, and made a comparison with that through a medium with the mean refractive distribution.

Surface acoustic wave sensors with grapheme/PANI nanocomposite sensitive films for detecting nitric oxide (NO) were fabricated and experimentally studied. Morphological characterization and functionalization of the sensing material were explored using SEM and FTIR, respectively. The study of sensor response compared film sensitivity, response time, reversibility, and limit of detection for nanocomposite films, pure grapheme and pure PANI to the detection of NO. The response and recovery times were 40s and 20s when detecting 4ppm NO, respectively. The frequency response was discovered to be linear in the NO concentration range 1–50 ppm. The nanocomposite sensors had improved sensitivities compared to the polymer devices, and better response times.

The Arduino microcontroller plays a significant role in automation systems, including temperature control in industrial settings. Its implementation addresses challenges related to accuracy and efficiency in control systems. By applying a temperature control system based on the Arduino microcontroller, the control process becomes more effective and efficient, taking into account parameters such as target temperature, response time, and system stability. This study utilizes the integration of a temperature sensor with an Arduino Uno-based controller to monitor and regulate temperature in real-time. Data from experiments demonstrate high system accuracy in maintaining the target temperature range. These findings support the application of Arduino microcontrollers in improving efficiency and quality in industrial temperature control.