SARGS method for distributed actionable pattern mining using spark

Navigating Social Media in #Ophthalmology

A new strategy for discovering action rules (or interventions) is presented in this paper. The current methods [14], [12], [8] require to discover classification rules before any action rule can be constructed from them. Several definitions of action rules [8], [13], [9], [3] have been proposed. They differ in the generality of their classification parts but they are always constructed from certain pairs of classification rules. Our new strategy defines the classification part of an action rule in a unique way. Also, action rules are constructed from single classification rules. We show how to compute their confidence and support. Action rules are used to reclassify objects. In this paper, we propose a method for measuring the level of reclassification freedom for objects in a decision system.KeywordsClassification RuleDecision SystemDecision TableAction RuleDecision ClassThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Spatial Patterns of Purposeful Social Networking and Socioeconomic Influences: Towards a Mature, Inclusive Networked Society in the U.S.

Purpose This study aims to explore the nexus between tourist’s characteristics and the changing intensity of social media’s impact on tourist decision-making among Indian tourists. A group-based comparison is done in this exploratory study; the basis of groups is the tourist’s characteristics which signifies their different types such as social media type, user type, traveller type and destination type. India, which is a huge market for tourists and social media users, is explored for this study. Design/methodology/approach This study adopts an exploratory design where an attempt is made to analyse if the intensity of social media impact on their decision-making changes with different types of tourists. For this purpose, primary data analysis using Partial Least Squares Regression based Multi Group Analysis (PLS-MGA) is performed on 488 Indian Tourists which was collected using a structured online questionnaire. The groups have been divided according to tourist characteristics signifying different types like social media type, user type, traveller type and destination type. Findings Social media usage frequency and travel frequency have no moderating effect on social media’s impact on tourist decision-making. But social media type partially moderates decision-making with changing impact on the need recognition, information search and post purchase behaviour stages. Destination type also partially moderates with an impact on post purchase behaviour stage of tourist decision-making. Thus, it can be said that different types of tourists are impacted differently by social media across various stages of decision-making. Originality/value This is a novel study that for the first time explores the changes in the impact of social media on tourist decision-making through changes in their own personal characteristics. Also, it provides real-time insights for tourism marketing for Indian market which has huge potential due to Indians being avid travellers and users of social media.

Solace in Social Media: Women Unite Under COVID-19

BackgroundWithin the medical community there is persistent debate as to whether the information available through social media is trustworthy and valid, and whether physicians are ready to adopt these technologies and ultimately embrace them as a format for professional development and lifelong learning.ObjectiveTo identify how physicians are using social media to share and exchange medical information with other physicians, and to identify the factors that influence physicians’ use of social media as a component of their lifelong learning and continuing professional development.MethodsWe developed a survey instrument based on the Technology Acceptance Model, hypothesizing that technology usage is best predicted by a physician’s attitudes toward the technology, perceptions about the technology’s usefulness and ease of use, and individual factors such as personal innovativeness. The survey was distributed via email to a random sample of 1695 practicing oncologists and primary care physicians in the United States in March 2011. Responses from 485 physicians were analyzed (response rate 28.61%).ResultsOverall, 117 of 485 (24.1%) of respondents used social media daily or many times daily to scan or explore medical information, whereas 69 of 485 (14.2%) contributed new information via social media on a daily basis. On a weekly basis or more, 296 of 485 (61.0%) scanned and 223 of 485 (46.0%) contributed. In terms of attitudes toward the use of social media, 279 of 485 respondents (57.5%) perceived social media to be beneficial, engaging, and a good way to get current, high-quality information. In terms of usefulness, 281 of 485 (57.9%) of respondents stated that social media enabled them to care for patients more effectively, and 291 of 485 (60.0%) stated it improved the quality of patient care they delivered. The main factors influencing a physician’s usage of social media to share medical knowledge with other physicians were perceived ease of use and usefulness. Respondents who had positive attitudes toward the use of social media were more likely to use social media and to share medical information with other physicians through social media. Neither age nor gender had a significant impact on adoption or usage of social media.ConclusionsBased on the results of this study, the use of social media applications may be seen as an efficient and effective method for physicians to keep up-to-date and to share newly acquired medical knowledge with other physicians within the medical community and to improve the quality of patient care. Future studies are needed to examine the impact of the meaningful use of social media on physicians’ knowledge, attitudes, skills, and behaviors in practice.

The people’s need for social connectedness was thoroughly documented and established in research literature. Currently, we experience rapidly increasing technological developments which not only allow for new ways of ‘digital’ connections, but, arguably so, require people to use digital channels of socializing. The use of Internet, in general, and social media, is not limited to searching for information but it includes also knowledge construction. However, not all of us react the same when faced with change in our lives, and even more so, with respect to the use of new technologies. Ageing is increasingly important because of the role of the elderlies in the modern society. Increasingly more elderly citizens live active and connected lives. The advances in medicine and the increase in welfare lead to an increase in life expectancy and to an unprecedented diversity in terms of age with respect to the use of social media. With a current 2.34 billion users of social media, and with a projected increase of 200 million new users in 2017, more than a few elderly users are expected to join social media. As such, the question arises, is there such a thing as a “generational gap/divide”, with respect to the use of social media, in general, and social networking, in particular? Current research provide some conflicting evidence, with most studies refraining from tacking age directly and resorting to considering age as a moderator of other pathways of influence between various predictors and outcomes of interest. We present a synthetic but thorough and updated review of the state of the art with respect to the past and current approaches to investigating the role of age in interindividual differences with respect to the adoption of social media, with a specific focus on social networking media.

Purpose This study aims to examine how information professionals select a social media channel for information discovery and delivery. This analysis was focused to provide usage based ranking of social media channels for information discovery and delivery. This study has also measured the preference of social media as compared with other information and communication channels such as radio, TV, newspapers, etc., for information discovery and delivery. This study compared the global social media rank with the study rank to record the variances in the light of uses and gratification theory. Design/methodology/approach For this quantitative research study a self-administered survey questionnaire was used to collect data from the participants of the study. Sample of this study was 700 information professionals necessarily user of social media. Findings Findings of this reveals that social media is the most preferred channel for information discovery and delivery among information professionals and study validates the assumption of uses and gratification theory with a view that information professionals are independent and active users of social media and global rank of social media is significantly different from the rank developed in this study. Research limitations/implications The present study is limited to information professionals only and considers social media (only top 20 sites) as an information and communication channel among information professionals. Practical implications This study has determined the preference of social media as an information and communication channel as compared with other information and communication channels and present a ranking based on usage among information professional, which is significantly different from the existing global user based ranking. Social implications Social media provides versatility of information in different forms and large numbers of information professionals are the users of social media around globe. This study shall help information professional to select appropriate channels for information discovery and delivery. Usage based ranking provided in this study shall stream line the social media practices at large. Originality/value This study has developed a usage based rank of top social media. This study elaborated the preference of social media as an information and communication channel.

Action Rules are vital data mining method for gaining actionable knowledge from the datasets. Meta actions are the sub-actions to the Action Rules, which intends to change the attribute value of an object, under consideration, to attain the desirable value. The essence of this paper to propose a new optimized and more promising system, in terms of speed and efficiency, for generating meta-actions by implementing Specific Action Rule discovery based on Grabbing strategy (SARGS) algorithm. For this, we perform a comparative analysis of meta-actions generating algorithmic implementation in Apache Spark driven system and conventional Hadoop driven system using the Twitter social networking data and evaluate the results. We perform corpus based Sentimental Analysis of social networking data, and test the total time taken by both the systems and their sub components for the data processing. Results show faster computational time for Spark system compared to Hadoop MapReduce for implementing the meta-action generation methods.

Social media use, community participation and psychological well-being among individuals with serious mental illnesses

In today’s digital environment, social media platforms offer many free services, which have become an integral part of daily life. This study aims to explore the social perspectives that the use of social media holds within the trade-off between the benefits of using it and the privacy concerns that result from integrating AI into data management. The quick development of AI technology has altered the way social media companies manage, examine, and make use of user data. With tailored information and targeted advertisements, artificial intelligence (AI) improves the user experience, but it also poses potential privacy issues. This study aims to investigate the awareness of social media users' privacy concerns and consequences, as consumers become aware of how AI algorithms track their online behavior, forecast their preferences and learn about how their data is utilized. To achieve this, we will survey internet privacy experts who have relevant knowledge related to current social media activities and trends in their domain. The survey measures their understanding of their clients’ awareness of social media and privacy, including their perceived effect of AI technology. The complex interactions between these variables reveal that users appreciate the benefits of free services, however, their growing awareness of data usage practices consumed by AI algorithm adoption increases privacy concerns. This study will provide valuable insights for social media platforms, policymakers, and users, to balance technology benefits while addressing social media user privacy concerns.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to understand the strategy adopted by family firms in using social media for their business. Based on the social media usage, this paper attempts to segment family firms. To do so, a reactive – proactive – innovative (RPI) scale was developed for the study. Then, the family firms were categorised as reactive, proactive or innovative social media users. Further, based on the scale developed, clusters were created. Family firms were placed into different clusters based on the strategy that they had for using social media platforms for their business.Design/methodology/approachA pilot sample of 50 family firms and a main study of 256 Indian family firm entrepreneurs were surveyed through self-administered questionnaires. Factor analysis reduced the 12 scale-based questions to three distinct factors. Confirmatory factor analysis was then conducted on the main sample to confirm the constructs identified using exploratory factor analysis. Cluster analysis was used to build clusters of entrepreneurs who use social media as part of their digital marketing strategy.FindingsFindings reveal that the Indian family firm market is largely divided into four main segments. These segments represent distinct behaviours with respect to the use of social media. The four segments of family firm entrepreneurs were named as high rollers, ignorant inhabitants, trend-setters, combative crowd based on their social media usage behaviour. These clusters give deep insights into the strategic usage of social media by family firms.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitation of this study is that entrepreneurs from all Indian states were not considered in the sample because of cost implications. This research study has only created the segmentation of the family firms as reactive, proactive or innovative social media users and also has created the clusters as high rollers, ignorant inhabitants, trend-setters and combative crowd. Also, the reasons for their behaviour and root cause for the strategic usage have not been studied.Practical implicationsThis study reflects on current practices of family firms with respect to usage of social media and groups them into large identifiable clusters. Equipped with the findings from this study, the RPI scale developed for the study and the clusters created, entrepreneurs can now move towards better use of social media for innovation.Originality/valueAlthough past studies have advocated the use of social media to spur innovation in firms, this study segments the current market based on their practices. It allows readers to gauge the proportion of family firms using social media for innovation and paves the way for a change in behaviour amongst these firms.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is threefold: to measure and compare the degree of social media use (SMU) by football clubs, to assess football fans’ engagement with content posted by football clubs (FCs) and to evaluate differences in user engagement with commercial social media advertisement targeting football fans, based on the advertisements’ appeal.Design/methodology/approachThis paper employs three approaches. First, it uses the corporate social media use (CSMU) model to analyse 20,954 Facebook, YouTube, Instagram and Twitter postings from 78 European FCs. Second, it develops a categorisation for social media postings and uses ANOVA and Scheffè tests to conduct a pairwise comparison. Third, it uses a fictional hedonic low-involvement product (chocolate bar) to conduct an experiment by creating a Facebook advertising campaign with three advertisements that are manipulated regarding their general appeal.FindingsStudy 1 demonstrates that individual FCs show big differences between their degree of SMU. There are, however, no differences between European leagues, social media platforms, or more/less successful FCs. The results of Study 2 indicate that social media users like, comment and share postings by FCs independently of the content of the posting. Study 3 reveals that both user engagement and reach of advertisements can be substantially increased by employing football-related appeals.Originality/valueThis paper helps understanding consumer engagement in social media. The results presented are relevant and helpful for a multitude of actors, including FCs and other sports clubs, companies targeting football fans and researchers interested in social media and sports marketing.

A relatively recent but potentially significant development that has implications for 21st-century teaching, learning, and teacher education is the rising use of social networking sites to broaden and deepen one's social connections. Many universities & educational institutions implement social media for various reasons. Social networking is increasingly attracting the attention and interest of academics and researchers in the education field as well. Recently, educational institutions have begun incorporating these social media tools such as Facebook , WhatsApp etc into their marketing mix to connect with everyone, from prospective students to alumni. Social media has a greater impact on the teaching and learning environment. Its applications can improve debates, collaborative work, and class materials. Researchers and educators are experimenting with social media technology to promote teamwork, knowledge production, and critical thinking. However, little reliable research existed to indicate whether these social media sites are appropriate or effective resources to use in the teaching learning process. A few studies have been conducted in these areas, especially in our country. This paper aims to assess the acceptance and usage of social media by pre-service teachers in their training program. A sample of 280 pre-service teachers took part in the research. The study found that the usage of social media differs among pre-service teachers on the basis of their level of qualification. The analysis also revealed that there is significant relationship in the usage of social media among pre-service teachers based on their experience in using social media & time spend in using social media on daily basis. The study therefore recommends that social media sites are a strong tool that can support the teaching learning process among pre-service teachers.

This exploratory qualitative case study was designed to examine a rural Arkansas K-12 educational leader's and community's communication using social media. Hoffman and Novak's (1996) model of marketing communications in a hypermedia computer-mediated environment served as the conceptual framework for analyzing the leader's social media use from the perspectives of students, parents, and faculty/staff members. The rural K-12 school was located in the northwest region of Arkansas. The study's participants included an educational leader nationally recognized for her use of technology and her students, parents, and faculty/staff members. Through information-gathering questionnaires, interviews, focus group sessions, observations, and document gathering, data were collected and triangulated. Three themes emerged through data analysis. The themes included: recognition of and appreciation for Mrs. Johnson's authentic proficient professional social media use on sites such as Twitter; the power of connectedness both in her relationships with students and with others around the nation through social media; and the positive impact of Mrs. Johnson's professional social media use on the school and its stakeholders, including the faculty/staff, students, and its reputation. These themes furnish an understanding of the phenomenon of a rural K-12 educational leader's professional social media use as perceived by faculty/staff, students, and parents. This study's findings indicated that a rural K-12 educational leader's students, parents, and faculty/staff positively perceive the leader's professional social media use as a sign of leadership in technology use, a model of responsible social media use, a fount of resources and ideas to be shared, and as a source of school pride and culture. Professional social media use may also function as an instantaneously accessible personal learning network for educational leaders, supplying them with peer-connections, concepts, and information free from geographical limitations. While students, parents, and faculty/staff members may be novice users of technology or social media, they believe that the educational leader's professional social media use benefits the students and the school.