Scarcity in the time of over-consumption

Advertisements for products and services often contain a scarcity in time appeal to influence consumers. Previous findings indicate that a claim of time scarcity generally has a positive effect on consumers' product evaluation. Participants comprised 100 undergraduate university students who were given a printout of a fictitious Englishlanguage website of a fashion retailer, in which we manipulated absent versus present scarcity in time. Results show that the positive effect of scarcity in time on product evaluation was moderated by dispositional reactance. Further, this moderating effect arose from the interpretation of scarcity in time as causing inconvenience. The results indicate that marketers benefit from scarcity in time advertising when consumers' dispositional reactance is low.

Effects of social popularity and time scarcity on online consumer behaviour regarding smart healthcare products: An eye-tracking approach

The exponential growth of live streaming commerce has made it a prominent sales channel, yet limited research explores its impact from the perspective of retail atmospherics. This study aims to develop an integrated model examining how live streaming atmospherics influence consumers' post-purchase intentions. It specifically focuses on how consumer perceptions of expertise and time scarcity affect the cognitive processes leading to purchase behaviors. Grounded in the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) framework, this study collected 842 valid survey responses to test its hypotheses. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to evaluate the relationships among live streaming atmospherics, perceived expertise, and consumer post-purchase intentions. Results indicate that aesthetic cues and bullet screen mutuality are key dimensions of live streaming atmospherics that positively influence consumers' post-purchase intentions. Additionally, time scarcity strengthens the positive impact of perceived expertise on consumers' intentions to post comments and recommend products, highlighting its moderating role in consumer decision-making processes. This study provides a novel perspective on the impact of live streaming atmospherics on consumer behavior, filling a research gap by integrating expertise perception and time scarcity into the S-O-R framework. Practical examples from prominent e-commerce platforms such as Taobao Live and JD Live are incorporated to demonstrate how aesthetic design and interactive features in real-world scenarios enhance consumer post-purchase behaviors.

The effects of time and money scarcity on regulatory focus: The mediating role of sense of control.

Farm power transition from man power and animal power to mechanical power has been in progress in the tillage operation on paddy fields in Sri Lanka. In contrast to small paddy farmers in Japan, Sri Lankan farmers whose family income is not adequately supported by non-farm jobs are financially incapable of keeping their own farm machines. Nevertheless, farm mechanization is in progress. Thousands of small farmers living below the poverty line use farm machines hired from the farm power owners. Farm power owners, by virtue of their monopoly over the farm power hire market successfully pass on the increased costs on machines to the hirers by raising the hire rates. At the first sight, it seems to be difficult to find rational grounds for Sri Lankan farmers’ tendency towards mechanization. However, it has been observed in a number of micro-level socio-economic surveys that the scarcity of man power, animal power, time and water during the rather short ploughing period generates compelling grounds for farmers to substitute mechanical power for animal power. This study is intended to observe this contention at the national level. Multiple regression analysis based on country-wide cross-sectional data suggests that 51 % of the spatial variation in the degree of mechanization is associated with the factors pertaining to the scarcity of man power, animal power, time and water during the ploughing period. These factors may collectively generate grounds which encourage or enforce small paddy farmers to adopt mechanical despite they are not in a real position to afford. power

Semiotics of transaction is presented here as a new approach, oriented towards the semiotic mechanisms of the transaction of economic value. After analyzing the nature of the main semiotic device for value transactions—the money sign—we have identified in its core the trust in the future of the economic system of exchange and the scarcity of its availability as a condition for its value and meaning. Such characteristics brought us to search for theoretical support in the existential analytics of temporality devised by Heidegger, where we found homology between economic scarcity and the thesis of the primordial finitude of temporality, which is a scarcity of time. Thus we have distinguished two levels for the semiotic analysis of transactions—one deep/authentic level of the primordial formation of the value and one superficial level of the commercial practices of market exchange. From this point of view, the new digital economy seems to bring closer the two levels, transforming the availability of time for each person into the major economical resource.

Time-lapse seismic data has been widely used for the detailed reservoir characterization, and data assimilation algorithms are commonly used for petroleum reservoir history matching of production data. However, hardly any seismic data has been integrated into the reservoir inverse modeling workflow, due to the large data size, finer gridding, and especially the scarcity in time of the seismic data. Popular ensemble-based reservoir inverse modeling methods such as ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) also face the problems of high computational cost due to the storage of the intermediate variables, restarting the reservoir simulating process and the inconsistency of the full-step and step-wise simulations. The intrinsic sequential data assimilations characteristics of the EnKF set obstacles to assimilate 4D seismic data. The alternative method can be the ensemble smoother (ES), which is an ensemble based method for data assimilation. The ES is based on a Bayesian updating scheme of the reservoir model to match the production history and improve the production forecast. To improve the algorithm convergence, a multiple data assimilation (MDA) method was proposed by Emerick and Reynolds (2012a). The algorithm we used is called ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation (ESMDA), we modified the ESMDA to integrate the geophysical data, and created the new workflow to history match both the production and geophysical data. The available production data is well measurements, including oil production rate, well water cut and bottom-hole pressure, as well as time-lapse geophysical data, including P-wave impedance. In this paper, we first formulated the mathematical descriptions of ESMDA, we then down-scaled the seismic data, and modified the data assimilation algorithms, illustrated the history matching workflow for both production and geophysical data, finally, we showed how it works with a case study on a water flooding operation in a synthetic reservoir. In comparison, we also showed the history matching only on the production data, which yields an inferior results than the one matches both production and seismic data.

The main theme of this book is publications by Swedish economists that for some reason have been more or less forgotten. The main reason for this oblivion is probably that present-day economists are not particularly interested in the history of economic doctrines.1 It has nothing to do with the persons. Of course all of them are not equally well known today, but none of them is really ‘forgotten’. Knut Wicksell is our greatest economist, all categories, and all economics students learn about the Heckscher-Ohlin theorem. Eli Heckscher and Bertil Ohlin are known by most people in the profession. It is worse with Staffan Burenstam Linder. International economists know what the ‘Linder thesis’ is, and, just a few years ago, his book about the scarcity of time was published in a new Swedish edition, but to Swedes he is more well known as a politician (exactly like Bertil Ohlin). Torsten Gardlund is presumably just a name for today’s economists. He is known as a biographer, for his book about KnutWicksell, and in Sweden also for his book about Marcus Wallenberg, Sr, the ‘district judge’. Some people have even read them, but that is usually the end of the story. Sven Rydenfelt is not known outside Sweden other than among the members of the Mont Pelerin Society, and in Sweden he is known mainly for his many newspaper articles. Jaime Behar, finally, is known mainly among Latin Americanists.

During the past five years a high speed ATM network has been developed at UBC that provides a campus testbed, a local testbed to the hospitals, and a National testbed between here and the BADLAB in Ottawa. This testbed has been developed to combine a commercial shared audio/video/whiteboard environment coupled with a shared interactive 3-dimensional solid model. This solid model ranges from a skull reconstructed from a CT scan with muscles and an overlying skin, to a model of the ventricle system of the human brain. Typical interactions among surgeon, radiologist and modeler consist of having image slices of the original scan shared by all and the ability to adjust the surface of the model to conform to each individuals perception of what the final object should look like. The purpose of this interaction can range from forensic reconstruction from partial remains to pre-maxillofacial surgery. A joint project with the forensic unit of the R.C.M.P. in Ottawa using the BADLAB is now in the stages of testing this methodology on a real case beginning with a CT scan of partial remains. A second study underway with the department of Maxiofacial reconstruction at Dalhousie University in Halifax Nova Scotia and concerns a subject who is about to undergo orthognathic surgery, in particular a mandibular advancement. This subject has been MRI scanned, a solid model constructed of the mandible and the virtual surgery constructed on the model. This model and the procedure have been discussed and modified by the modeler and the maxillofacial specialist using these shared workspaces. The procedure will be repeated after the actual surgery to verify the modeled procedure. The advantage of this technique is that none of the specialists need be in the same room, or city. Given the scarcity of time and specialists this methodology shows great promise. In November of this last year a shared live demonstration of this facial modeler was done between Vancouver and Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia. With a fixed bandwidth of 40 mbits/s the latency was 80 msec. Currently an arbiter is being written to permit up to 10 individuals to join or exit the interactive workspace during a live session.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Scarcity of Time

This paper explores how continuing education can support more contextsensitive and ethically grounded enactments of digital health technologies in the Danish healthcare system. Based on 20 semi-structured interviews with health actors across clinical, educational, managerial, innovation and policy domains, we analyse how different professionals perceive current enactments of health technologies and the role of continuing education. Our analysis reveals widespread concern over time scarcity, fragmented responsibilities, and lack of shared vocabularies across professional domains. Interviewees call not only for technical training, but for educational spaces that support critical reflection, ethical awareness, and cross-professional dialogue. In response, we present Health Technology Assessment 2.0 (HTA 2.0), a framework developed for continuing education. Drawing on both inductive and deductive coding, we examine how its six dimensions (Technology, Economy, Environment, Organisation, Patient/Citizen, and Ethics) resonate with everyday practice and healthcare actors’ concerns. We suggest the potential of HTA 2.0 to act as a boundary object: structuring shared reflections while accommodating different professional viewpoints. We conclude that continuing education should not aim for consensus but provide structured arenas where health actors can explore challenges, reflect on dilemmas, and co-develop meaningful approaches to digital transformation.

Time Scarcity and Optimization

Time scarcity is a slippery slope to inactivity

Objective:The objective of this study was to assess facilitators, barriers, and capacities to use of evidence-based programs and policies (EBPPs) in local health departments (LHDs).Design:A qualitative study design was used to elicit a contextual understanding of factors. One-hour interviews were conducted among directors and diabetes/chronic disease practitioners from LHDs. A consensus coding approach was used to identify themes.Setting and Participants:Twenty-four participants from 14 Missouri LHDs completed interviews.Results:Themes were identified as facilitators, barriers, or capacities that enhance EBPP use. Facilitators included awareness of EBPPs, leadership and supervisor support of EBPP use, and facilitators that increased capacity to implement EBPPs. Skills development, targeted messaging, and understanding of EBDM terminology were needed. Barriers to EBPPs use were described at the individual, organizational, and inter-organizational levels and included community buy-in, limited resources, relevance to partners, and time scarcity. Capacities included the ways LHDs learn about EBPPs, methods that influence the use of EBPPs, and resources needed to sustain EBPPs. Top ways to learn about EBPPs were in-person interactions. Staff meetings, meetings with decision-makers, and relevant evidence influenced decision-making. Resources needed were funding, organizational capacity, and partnerships. Directors’ and practitioners’ views differed on type of agency culture that promoted EBPP use, preferences for learning about EBPPs, ways to influence decisions, needs, and barriers to EBPPs.Conclusions:These findings can inform future strategies to support uptake of EBPPs in diabetes and chronic disease control in LHDs. LHDs have a good understanding of EBPPs, but subtle differences in perception of EBPPs and needs exist between directors and practitioners. Investment in capacity building and fostering an organizational culture supportive of EBDM were key implications for practice. By investing in employee skill development, LHDs may increase agency capacity. Researchers should use preferred channels and targeted messaging to disseminate findings.

Background: This study examines how primary school teachers perceive, experience, and navigate professional development (PD) under everyday organisational constraints in an urban public primary school in southwest China. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight teachers and supplemented by non-participant observations of school-based learning routines and teachers’ engagement with online PD modules. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis, informed by an integrated framework (Job Demands–Resources, self-determination theory, and practice-based teacher learning). Three themes emerged. (1) Teachers judged PD through a “usability” standard, valuing actionable strategies that fit classroom realities and are feasible to implement. (2) Time scarcity and administrative encroachment fragmented PD and often shifted participation toward completion-oriented compliance, especially in standardised online modules. (3) Teachers navigated constraints through selective engagement, mentoring and collegial support as compensatory pathways, and conditional adoption of digital/AI tools when these reduced workload and aligned with instructional needs; observed AI use was generally low and uneven. PD is a negotiated practice shaped by PD design, organisational conditions, and teachers’ adaptive strategies, highlighting the need to protect learning time, strengthen mentoring, align evaluation with PD expectations, and ensure technology-related PD is feasible.