Scene Risk Factors Analysis for Perception Systems

Prothrombotic and vascular risk factors in nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

Introduction. Stroke is the main cause of disability and the second leading cause of death worldwide. Over 60,000 cases of stroke are diagnosed in Poland each year. In the coming years, due to the aging of the population and the elevation of risk factor prevalence, a further increase in the incidence of stroke in Poland is expected. Aim. Investigation of demographic characteristics, clinical analysis and assessment of risk factors among the stroke patients hospitalized in the UMB Department of Neurology. Material and methods. The retrospective analysis included medical documentation of patients hospitalized due to a stroke in 2016. The neurological condition of patients was assessed at the time of admission and discharge using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Results. The medical documentation of 402 stroke patients, consisting of 55.47% women and 44.53% men was analyzed. Ischemic (IS) and haemorrhagic strokes (HS) accounted for 91.8 and 8% respectively. The average age of a stroke patient was 74.2 years (women 76.6, men 71.2). The most common risk factors were hypertension (78.6%), dyslipidemia (55.2%) and atrial fibrillation (25.6%). According to the NIHSS scale, 65% of patients received ≤ 5 while 1.8% ≥ 25 points. During hospitalization, the NIHSS clinical improvement was achieved in 71.9%, deterioration in 3.6% and no change was observed in 24.5% of patients. In-hospital mortality amounts to 7.5%. Conclusions. More than two thirds of patients had more than one stroke risk factor, from which the most common one is hypertension. Awareness of modifiable risk factors for stroke is essential for implementation of a secondary prevention.

Objective To explore the main risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)complicated with cardiovascular disease(CVD). Methods The T2DM of 128 cases of CVD associated with CVD group were selected, the patients with T2DM 107 cases were selected as control group, used Logistic regression method for the analysis of the risk factors of concurrent CVD. Results The risk of CVD in patients with a family history of T2DM was 1.535 times of that of the other patients(OR=1.535,95%CI=1.145,2.057,P=0.036), the vegetarian diet patients was 41.3%(OR=0.413,95%CI=0.210,0.815,P=0.024),in patients with hypertension was 2.077 times(OR=2.077,95%CI=1.301,2.813,P=0.010).T2DM patients with TG,PBG,LDL-C,HDL-C per 1mmol/L rise,the risk of concurrent CVD was 1.192 times of that of the other patients(OR=1.192,95% CI 1.012,1.372,P=0.023),1.125 times(OR=1.125,95%CI=1.043,1.218,P=0.028),1.712 times(OR=1.712,95%CI=1.203,2.231,P=0.009)and 42.6%(OR=0.426,95%CI=0.239,0.776,P=0.011);Hb A1c increased every 1%,the risk of concurrent CVD was 1.284 times of that of theother patients(OR=1.284,95% CI=1.132,1.413,P=0.013);BMI increased by 1kg/m2,the risk of concurrent CVD was 1.508 times of that of the other patients(OR=1.508,95%CI=1.143,1.825,P=0.026);C2 increased by 1m L/mm Hg×100,the risk was the other patient's 33.9%(OR=1.508,95%CI=1.143,1.825,P=0.026). Conclusion Family history of T2DM, hypertension, TG,PBG,LDL-C,Hb A1c and BMI are major risk factors for T2DM with CVD;vegetarian diet,HDL-C and C2 are protective factors. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, type 2; Cardiovascular disease; Risk factors; Concurrent

To evaluate patient and technique survival, and to analyze mortality risk factors in a large Mexican single-center continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) program. Cohort study. Tertiary care, teaching hospital located in Mexico City. All patients from our CAPD program (1985-1997) were retrospectively studied. Clinical and biochemical variables at the start of dialysis were recorded and considered in the analysis of risk factors. End points were patient (alive, dead, or lost to follow-up) and technique status at the end of the study (December 1997). 627 patients, 37% with diabetes mellitus (DM), were included. Median patient survival (+/- SE) was 5.1 +/- 0.6 years. In the univariate analysis, the following variables were associated (p < 0.05) with mortality: DM, old age, hypoalbuminemia, low serum creatinine, low serum phosphate, and lymphopenia. In the multivariate analysis, the only significant mortality risk factors were DM (RR 2.56, p < 0.0001), old age (RR 1.01, p = 0.01), hypoalbuminemia (RR 0.77, p = 0.04), and lymphopenia (RR 0.98, p = 0.05). Median technique survival was 4.0 +/- 0.2 years. Peritonitis, hypoalbuminemia, lymphopenia, old age, and DM were all significantly associated (p < 0.05) with technique failure in the univariate analysis, while in the multivariate analysis, only DM (RR 1.78, p = 0.001), peritonitis (RR 1.13, p = 0.004), lymphopenia (0.98, p = 0.04), and hypoalbuminemia (RR 0.80, p = 0.06) were technique failure predictors. Patient survival in our setting is similar to that reported in other series. Diabetes mellitus, lymphopenia, and hypoalbuminemia were the strongest predictive factors for mortality and technique failure on CAPD. Our 12-year CAPD program is one of the largest single-centers reported in CAPD literature.

Objective To investigate cancer patients′ nutritional status after operative treatment and analysis of risk factors for malnutrition, which provides the basis for maintaining patients′ nutrition support after discharge. Methods One hundred and thirty patients treated with tumor in Liuan Hospital affiliated to Anhui Medical University were investigated. The nutritional status of patients discharged from hospital was evaluated by subjective comprehensive assessment, and the risk factors of malnutrition when they were discharged from hospital were analyzed. Results In 130 patients, 76 patients (58.46%) were assessed as no or mild malnutrition, and 54 patients (41.54%) as moderate or severe malnutrition. Univariate analysis showed that body mass index < 18.5 kg/m2 at admission, nutritional risk screening 2002(NRS2002) ≥ 3 scores, smoking and drinking were related to the occurrence of malnutrition after tumor surgery (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that NRS2002 ≥ 3 scores at admission and smoking were independent risk factors for malnutrition at discharge (P < 0.05). Conclusions The incidence of malnutrition in patients after tumor surgery is high, and there are many risk factors. Therefore, early nutrition support should be provided to patients, and family nutrition intervention after discharge is also very necessary. Key words: Neoplasms; Postoperative; Malnutrition; Nutritional risk screening; Assessment; Risk factor

Objective To investigate the correlationship between body mass index (BMI) and diabetes with infectious diseases and to analyze the risk factors of diabetes with infectious diseases. Methods The BMI of 590 diabetic patients with infectious diseases (observation group) and 610 diabetic patients without infectious diseases (control group) were analyzed by a case-control study from May 2012 to May 2014 in Changsha Central Hospital. Multivariate analysis of risk factors was performed by Logistic regression analysis. Results BMI of observation group was lower than that of the control group (t = 6.687, P < 0.001), and the distribution of BMI was significantly different between patients of the two groups (χ2 = 50.128, P < 0.001). The following respiratory tract infections (65.7%) was the most common, followed by digestive tract infection (11.59%), urinary tract infection (9.05%), upper respiratory tract infection (7.78%), skin (3.33%) and other sites (2.53%) in patients of observation group. Logistic regression analysis showed that the increase of BMI was the protective factor of diabetes mellitus with infectious diseases (OR = 0.778, 95%CI: 0.648-0.934). Age, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and liver cirrhosis were the risk factors of diabetes mellitus with infectious diseases (OR = 1.614, 95%CI: 1.365-1.908; OR = 3.076, 95%CI: 1.745-5.424; OR = 6.717, 95%CI: 0.740-60.951), but liver cirrhosis as a risk factor has no statistical significance in the regression equation. Conclusions Diabetes with infectious diseases is related to BMI, but it is necessary to furtherly refine the analysis of the effect. In patients with diabetes, especially those who were elderly, complicated with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and liver cirrhosis should be paid special attention to the occurrence of infectious diseases. Key words: Body mass index; Diabetes; Infections

427: Risk factors for preterm delivery and uterine dehiscence following prenatal surgery for myelomeningocele

BackgroundThe present study aimed to characterize Mycobacterium tuberculosis population structure and to identify transmission chains and risk factors by prospective molecular typing in conjunction with conventional epidemiological investigations in the French overseas department of Guadeloupe.MethodsThe study included all the culture-positive TB cases (1 clinical isolate per patient; n = 129) diagnosed between a seven year period (April 4th, 1999 to December 31st, 2005). Prospective molecular typing was performed using spoligotyping and VNTRs, and a subset of 44 M. tuberculosis isolates found to be clustered was retrospectively typed using 12-loci MIRUs. Data were compared using the SITVIT2 database, followed by analysis of risk factors in function of clustering of the isolates and available demographic and socioeconomic data.ResultsThe study sample was characterized by a majority of new cases (87.4%); a moderate proportion of drug-resistance (7.8%); a high level of immigration (51.2% foreign-born) originating from high TB/HIV incidence neighboring islands such as Haiti or Dominican Republic; lower socioeconomic conditions (70.7% of jobless, average income 824 EUR/month); and a significantly higher proportion of TB/HIV co-infected cases (38.2% vs. 8.5%; p < 0.001), and extrapulmonary disease (18.2% vs. 4.8%; p < 0.02) among migrants as compared to French patients. The study revealed an important delay in access to healthcare with a median delay of 74.5 days between the 1st symptoms and clinical suspicion of TB. Prospective molecular typing based on spoligotyping and 5-loci VNTRs showed that evolutionary recent Euro-American lineages predominated in Guadeloupe (91.5% of isolates). In conjunction with epidemiological data, it allowed to estimate a recent transmission rate of 18.6%, which was close to the rate of 16.7% estimated using retrospective 12-loci MIRU typing. Although a higher proportion of cases in older age-group were apparently linked to reactivation; univariate analysis of risk factors did not allow pinpointing specific risk factors for a patient to belong to a TB transmission group.ConclusionsOngoing TB transmission in the insular, low TB-incidence setting of Guadeloupe can be defined as follows: (i) a significant proportion of imported cases of the disease from neighboring islands; (ii) significantly higher TB/HIV coinfection among foreign-born cases; and, (iii) a higher proportion of cases affecting older age-group among French patients due to reactivation. This study emphasizes the need for universal typing using spoligotyping and 15-loci MIRUs in prospective studies.

Objective: To evaluate the distribution of astigmatism in children and adolescents in the Wenzhou area and determine the correlation of astigmatism with related risk factors, such as parents’ astigmatism, age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in cooperation with the Eye Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. Subjects came from the Children’s Health Examination Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, from September 2011 to March 2016. Ophthalmology exams included entrance tests (visual acuity, pupil reaction, extraocular muscles, etc.) and cycloplegic refraction. Each child’s height, weight, bust, waist, and hips were also measured. For this study, astigmatism was considered when the cylinder was higher than or equal to 0.5 diopter (D) in the right eye. The non-cycloplegic refractive status of the parents were measured for further analysis. Rank sum test, chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the distribution of astigmatism in children and adolescents and its risk factors. Results: A total of 525 subjects were examined, and 83.4% (438/525) completed the study. The prevalence of astigmatism was 59.4% (260). The percent of subjects with astigmatism between 0.50 D and 1.00 D was 80.8%, and the percent between 1.25 D and 2.00 D was 11.2%. The percent with astigmatism higher than 2.00 D was 8.1%. Obese children tended to have a higher prevalence of astigmatism (χ2=6.347, P=0.042) compared with non-obese children. With the rule (WTR) astigmatism was predominant (73.8%), and there was no significant difference in the astigmatism axis distribution between males and females (χ2=3.104, P=0.212) or among the different age groups (χ2=10.578, P=0.102). In the analysis of risk factors, the prevalence of astigmatism was higher in children with at least one astigmatic parent (χ2=7.484, P=0.024) compared with the children without an astigmatic parent. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the main factor that influenced the development of children and adolescents's astigmatism was the cylinder of mother (odds ratio=2.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.1-4.4, P=0.023). Conclusions: The prevalence of astigmatism in children and adolescents was 59.4% in Wenzhou area, and WTR was predominant. The astigmatism of the mother may increase the risk of astigmatism in children and adolescents. Key words: Keywords: children and adolescents; astigmatism; parental astigmatism; obesity

To summarize the causes of death and to analyze the risk factors in a surgical intensive care unit (SICU). The relevant information of patients died in the SICU of Xijing Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University in past 15 years (from December 1999 to February 2015) was retrospectively analyzed. The gender, age, reason and date of hospitalization, date of transfer SICU, past medical history, whether or not admitted directly from emergency department or transferred from other department, operated or not, date of death, the main cause of death, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score, the history of undergoing mechanical ventilation, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), or antifungal therapy, as well as the ratio of the patients with body temperature higher than 39 °C, white blood cell (WBC) count higher than 10 x 10⁹/L, platelet (PLT) count below 100 x 10⁹/L, albumin (Alb) below 35 g/L of two periods, namely from December 1999 to July 2007 (the first period), and from August 2007 to February 2015 (the second period) were compared. The above parameters were compared with those of 201 survivors in SICU, and the risk factors leading to death were analyzed by logistic regression. From December 1999 to February 2015, 4 317 patients were taken care of in the SICU. Among them, the number of death was 186, and the mortality rate was 4.3%. In the first time period (from December 1999 to July 2007), the total number of patients was 1 356, and the number of death were 109 (the mortality rate was 8.0%). In the second period, i.e. from August 2007 to February 2015, the number of SICU patients was 2,961, and 77 died (the mortality rate was 2.6%). The difference of mortality rate between the two periods was statistically significant (χ² = 66.707, P = 0.001 ). The death rate of patients transferred directly from emergency department in the first period was 79.8% (87/109), and it was lower in the second period (51.9%, 40/77, χ² = 16.181, P = 0.001 ). The death rate of the patients with blood A1b below 35 g/L in the second period (59.7%, 46/77) was higher than that of the first period (41.3%, 45/109, χ² = 6.151, P = 0.017). The top three causes of death from December 1999 to February 2015 were sepsis (38.2%), trauma (16.7%), and operation for cancer (14.0%). In the first period, the top three causes of death were sepsis (35.8%), trauma (22.0%), and operation for cancer (13.8%). In the second period, the top three causes of death were sepsis (41.6%), damage of the central nervous system (16.9%), and operation for cancer (14.3%). Top three reasons for SICU admission were trauma (29.03%), abdominal pain (20.97%) and other reasons (18.82%). Top three departments from which the patients were transferred were the emergency department (19.35%), orthopedics department (17.20%), and hepatobiliary department (16.13%). Logistic regression analysis showed that age [odds ratio (OR) = 2.025, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.500-2.734, P = 0.000], mechanical ventilation (OR = 3.514, 95% CI = 1.701-7.259, P = 0.001), CRR T (OR = 5.604, 95% CI = 3.003-10.459, P = 0.000 ), body temperature higher than 39 °C (OR = 1.992, 95%CI = 1.052-3.771, P = 0.034) were the risk factors of death in SICU patients. Sepsis and severe trauma are the leading causes of death in severe SICU patients, to whom with risk factors of death enough attention should be given.

Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Results of a Prospective and Standardized Medical Examination

Background: Based on observations and interviews conducted with workers in the tourism sector, there were subjective complaints of work-related skeletal muscle disorders experienced by workers. But it was still an inadequate explanation of the cause of work-related skeletal muscle disorders in workers. This study aimed to investigate the analysis of individual, physical, and psychosocial risk factors on work-related skeletal muscle disorders in workers at the tourism sector. Subjects and Method: A systematic review was conducted by searching from PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus databases. The inclusion criteria were the studies identifying the association of individual, physical, and psychosocial risk factors with work-related skeletal muscle disorders in workers of the tourism sector. The articles must be published full texts in English-language between 2005 and 2020. The quality, measure of association, and level of evidence of the selected studies were critically appraised. The data were reported according to PRISMA flow chart. Results: Twelve articles, consisting of ten cross-sectional, one exploratory, and one cohort study designs, were obtained. The study subjects worked at hotels and restaurants. Nine articles showed high quality, and the other three articles showed low-quality. These articles reported an association between risk factors and work-related skeletal muscle disorders. The individual, physical, and psychosocial risk factors included gender, BMI, repetitive motion, excessive reaching, and the number of room cleaning per day. Conclusion: Twelve articles with different quality show the association between risk factors and work-related skeletal muscle disorders. The risk factors include gender, BMI, repetitive motion, excessive reaching, and the number of room cleaning per day in workers of the tourism sector. Keywords: work-related skeletal muscle disorders, risk factors, ergonomy, tourism Correspondence: Muhammad Luthfi. Occupational Safety and Health Program, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia. Email: Muhluthfi93@gmail.com. Mobile: 082220279794. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.28

Objective To investigate the risk factors of hypogonadism in male type 2 diabetic patients. Methods A total of 213 male patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled and divided into low testosterone group (n=75) and normal testosterone group (n=138). Blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipids, serum insulin and sex hormones including total testosterone (TT), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), progesterone, prolactin, estradiol, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were measured in all patients. The correlations between the metabolic index and sex hormone levels were analyzed. Results Compared with normal testosterone group, body mass index (BMI), fasting insulin (FINS), and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were significantly increased in low testosterone group(all P<0.05)while LH, FSH, and SHBG levels were significantly decreased(all P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that TT was negatively correlated with FINS and HOMA-IR(r=-0.142, -0.154, both P<0.05)while positively correlated with LH and FSH (r=0.157, 0.138, both P<0.05). TT level in patients with metabolic syndrome(MS) was significantly decreased (P<0.05). A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that BMI, MS, HOMA-IR, and LH were significant independent risk factors for hypogonadism. Conclusions Hypogonadism often occurs in male patients with type 2 diabetes, especially in patients with MS. BMI, HOMA-IR, LH, and MS are risk factors for hypogonadism in male type 2 diabetic patients. (Chin J Endocrinol Metab, 2017, 33: 556-561) Key words: Diabetes; Male; Hypogonadism; Testosterone; Insulin resistance; Luteinizing hormone

Objective To explore the risk factors of meningoencephalitis with hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) for predictive evaluating and providing evidence for nursing measures. Methods According to the presence of meningoencephalitis, 998 cases with hand-foot-mouth disease were divided into the meningoencephalitis and non meningoencephalitis group.The difference of clinical manifestations, signs and laboratory test resultsbetween two groups were discussed by retrospective analyzing from the perspective of nursing, and we used single factor analysis method to reveal the risk factors of meningoencephalitis. Results The statistical analysis showed that there was a statistical significance in using frequently myoclonicjerk, limbjitter, vomiting, limb weakness, continued highfever, abnormal breathing, circulation dysfunction, blood WBC count and elevatedblood glucoseto predict meningoencephalitis with hand-foot-mouth disease (P<0.05). The sensitivity respectively were frequently myoclonic jerk (95.05%), blood WBC count (90.10%), continued high fever (89.11%), abnormal breathing (77.24%), elevated blood glucose (63.37%), vomiting (42.57%), limb jitter (12.38%), circulation dysfunction (6.93%) and limb weakness (6.93%). The specificity respectively were circulation dysfunction (99.87%), limb weakness (99.75%), limb jitter (99.75%), frequently myoclonic jerk (99.62%), vomiting (91.46%), abnormal breathing (66.33%), continued high fever (65.33%), elevated blood glucose (47.61%) and blood WBC count (47.24%). Conclusions The nurses should strengthen the nursing observation on children with myoclonicjerk, limbjitter, vomiting, limbweakness, continued high fever, abnormal breathing, circulation dysfunction, blood WBC count and elevatedblood glucose. The corresponding nursing intervention measures are also formulated and timely finding meningoencephalitis with HFMD for reducing the developments of severe disease and the mortality. Key words: Hand-foot-mouth disease; Meningoencephalitis; Risk factors; Nursing

ObjectiveClinical characteristics, anticoagulant protocols, and risk factors of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients with femoral and pelvic fractures were analyzed throughout the perioperative period to provide references for early identification and optimization of risk factors.MethodsThis was a retrospective study. A total of 569 patients undergoing surgery of femoral and pelvic fractures from May 2018 to December 2019 were included.The clinical data including general conditions, trauma, surgery, anticoagulant protocols, and laboratory indexes were collected. According to the results of deep vein Doppler ultrasonography of the lower extremities, the patients were divided into non-DVT group and DVT group. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to identify the independent risk factors of preoperative and postoperative DVT.ResultsThe incidence of DVT was 40.25% and preoperative DVT was 26.71%, which was higher than the incidence of postoperative DVT of 17.22%. Most of them were thrombus on the affected side (60.26%) and distal thrombus (81.66%). The average time of DVT formation was 6.55 ± 0.47 days after trauma and 6.67 ± 0.48 days after surgery. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), anemia, hypoproteinemia, non-anticoagulation before surgery, delayed anticoagulation after trauma and admission, high-energy trauma, multiple injuries, drinking history, and advanced age were independent risk factors for perioperative DVT. The increased level of fibrinogen degradation products was an independent risk factor for preoperative DVT. These risk factors were identified to be independently associated with postoperative DVT, including intraoperative blood transfusion, postoperative blood transfusion, pulmonary infection, preoperative non-anticoagulation, postoperative delayed anticoagulation, preoperative waiting time > 7 days, operative time > 2 h, c-reactive protein, fibrinogen level, platelet count 1 day after surgery, c-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and hemoglobin levels 3 days after surgery, comminuted fracture.ConclusionsAt present, anticoagulation and other DVT prevention and treatment programs have not changed the current situation that the incidence of DVT is still high. Through the analysis of the risk factors of DVT throughout the perioperative period, optimizing the perioperative blood transfusion, preoperative lung disease, hypoproteinemia, anemia, inflammation, etc., and surgery as soon as possible after trauma may further reduce its incidence.