SCHRÖDINGER SYSTEMS ARISING IN NONLINEAR OPTICS AND QUANTUM MECHANICS: PART I

Optical pulse propagation in fibers with random dispersion

Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) is a serious impairment in high-bit-rate optical soliton communication systems. This paper presents a detailed investigation of soliton pulse propagation in randomly varying birefringent optical fibers and how solitons broaden in presence of third order dispersion. Fiber birefringence is the physical origin of PMD. It is found that the third-order dispersion in the fibers is strong enough to cause the pulse distortion. In this paper we propose optical soliton propagation in birefringent single mode fibers with a new stochastic model in which the stochastically varying birefringence and third order dispersion are considered.

The efficiency of manipulation of domain walls and skyrmions in ferromagnetic racetracks with perpendicular anisotropy determines perspectives of development of data storage and logic devices relying on spintronic and spin-orbitronic concepts [1, 2]. The domain wall dynamics is dependent on its orientation with respect to the racetrack axis. In-plane fields [3], edge roughness [4] and current [5] result in the domain wall tilt in samples, possessing Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). Here, we show theoretically, that the tilt can appear in equilibrium and describe the domain wall dynamics under the action of external field. We consider a thin biaxial stripe with DMI of interfacial type [6]. The main easy axis of anisotropy is perpendicular to the plane, and the direction of the second easy axis lies in the stripe plane under the angle α to the stripe axis. While the shape anisotropy results in α = 0, a general case α ≠ 0 can appear under the influence of other effects, e.g crystalline structure [7]. While the second easy axis defines the preferable in-plane magnetization within the domain wall, the DMI forces the domain wall being perpendicular to the magnetization gradient. The competition between these two energy contributions and the domain wall tension results in the unidirectional tilt of the whole domain wall. If the DMI is weak enough, there is an additional metastable domain wall state, tilted into the opposite direction. The symmetry break is observed not only for static magnetization texture, but also in the domain wall dynamics under the action of external magnetic field. The domain wall reveals fast and slow motion regimes for the opposite signs of A. The maximum of the Walker field and Walker velicities is determined by the angle A of the second easy axis anisotropy and does not coincide with a shape-induced anisotropy direction A=0. The domain wall possesses the switch of the magnetization direction inside the domain wall in the slow motion regime, which results in the faster motion.

Dielectric response and magneto-electric interaction of La1.67Sr0.33NiO4 single crystal

A PLA–Tween composited drug-carrying C60–Fe3O4 microbubble was designed and prepared. Using Fe3O4 as a targeting factor and C60 as a drug carrier, warfarin (WF), netimixin (NET) and doxorubicin (DOX) respectively were loaded on a C60–Fe3O4 complex through π–π conjugate effect, and C60–Fe3O4–WF, C60–Fe3O4–NET and C60–Fe3O4–DOX targeted drug-loading complexes were obtained. The three drug-loading complexes were respectively combined into PLA and Tween membrane material, PLA–Tween composited C60–Fe3O4–DOX microbubbles, PLA–Tween composited C60–Fe3O4–NET microbubbles and PLA–Tween composited C60–Fe3O4–WF microbubbles were obtained, respectively. The average particle size of PLA–Tween composited drug-carrying C60–Fe3O4 microbubbles was 446.4 nm, the microbubble size was uniform, and the Zeta potential was −40.5 mV which showed a good stability. The loading rates of DOX, NET and WF in PLA–Tween composited drug-carrying C60–Fe3O4 microbubbles were 5.58%, 8.15% and 3.37%, respectively. PLA–Tween composited C60–Fe3O4–DOX microbubbles could inhibit the breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and normal mouse fibroblast 3T3 cells, the inhibition rates were respectively 53.4% and 18.6%, which significantly reduced the toxicity of free DOX drug on the normal cells (62.2%). PLA–Tween composited C60–Fe3O4–NET microbubbles had a inhibitory effect on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and the inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli was better. PLA–Tween composited C60–Fe3O4–WF microbubbles could inhibit the formation of thrombus, and PT, TT and APTT were significantly prolonged. PLA–Tween composited C60–Fe3O4 microbubbles had a developing effect on the kidney, bladder and abdominal aorta of rabbit. Under the action of external magnetic field, the ultrasonic imaging effect of composite microbubbles was significantly enhanced.

This paper presents a new method of extracting electric energy in the process of realizing thrust vector by magnetron gas plasma. Based on the model scramjet, the combustion plasma scheme is adopted, during the experiment, Cs2CO3 was put into a high-temperature environment to excite its own properties, so as to obtain the product Under the action of external magnetic field, it is verified that electric energy can be extracted in the process of plasma jet deflection, and the results are analyzed from the mechanism. Finally, the specific numerical results of magnetic field intensity and outgoing gas temperature are obtained, the average extraction voltage is 600 mV, indicating that ionized seeds enhance the ionization degree of gas. In the process of gas plasma jet of magnetic control scramjet, the scheme of extracting energy is feasible.

The aim of the present study was to observe the in vivo targeting characteristic of angiopoietin 2-small interfering RNA (Ang2-siRNA) plasmid/chitosan magnetic nanoparticles in an established nude mouse model of malignant melanoma (MM) under an external magnetic field. The nude mouse MM model was first established, then divided into 3 groups, including the control group, the non-targeting group and the target group, the control group was given normal saline and the non-targeting and targeting groups were administrated particles through the tail vein; the non-targeting group was not under external magnetic field and the control group and the targeting group were under external magnetic field for 60 min. The mice were then sacrificed and the tumor tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Prussian blue in order to verify the particle distributions in the tumor tissues. The control group exhibited negative Prussian blue staining in the tumor tissues, the non-targeting group demonstrated weakly positive Prussian blue staining in tumor tissues and the targeting group revealed strongly positive Prussian blue staining in tumor tissues. Ang2-siRNA plasmid vector/chitosan magnetic nanoparticles directly moved towards tumor tissues under the action of external magnetic field, thus it demonstrated good targeting characteristic.

The magnetoelectric (ME) materials exhibit ferroelectric/ferrielectric/antiferroelectric properties in combination with ferromagnetic/ferrimagnetic/antiferromagnetic properties. Under the action of external magnetic field, such materials would show electric polarizations, while the external electric field would induce magnetization. In most of the known ME materials measurable output was recorded at very low temperatures. However, for practical applications it is desirable to synthesize new ME materials which undergo dielectric and magnetic transitions above room temperature and exhibit enhanced ME output.

Detection properties of planar microwave diodes have been investigated under the action of external magnetic field at room temperature. The diodes were fabricated from modulation doped semiconductor structures having planar asymmetrically and symmetrically narrowed n-n+ junctions. Their operation is based on non-homogeneous carrier heating by a microwave electric field. Frequency dependence of the detected voltage confirmed presence of rectification of microwave currents in the signal formation. Experimental investigations revealed that voltage sensitivity of the diodes was conditioned by the external magnetic field. Sensitivity changes are explained as a result of the magnetic field influence on rectification of microwave currents as well as taking into account the influence of magnetoresistance effect on the formation of the detected voltage. The magnetoresistance is manifested more strongly, when magnetic field is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the diode owing to more influence of Lorentz force. Demonstration of magnetoresistance at magnetic field, which is parallel the diode axis, is explained by the fact, that currents in the asymmetrically necked diode make a non-zero angle with lines of electric and magnetic fields owing to widening of n field of n-n+ junction. When this angle between lines of electrical and magnetic fields decreases, that occurs in case of the symmetrically necked diode, the more weak averaged relative voltage sensitivity of diodes is experimentally observed.

Erratum to: Article named “The Rotary and Kinetic Moments of Charged Particle in Fluctuational Thermal Electric Field in Condensed Matter upon the Action of External Magnetic Field”

Mesoporous magnetic g-C3N4 nanocomposites for photocatalytic environmental remediation under visible light

Magnetically recoverable flower-like Sn3O4/SnFe2O4 as a type-II heterojunction photocatalyst for efficient degradation of ciprofloxacin

The paper presents a finite element method for numerical calculation of magnetic flux density around a high voltage power transmission line. The need of such calculation is based on growing safety demands of people exposed to the action of external magnetic field as well as reduce the cost of people protection. Method extends the calculation of magnetic flux density around the straight infinite conductor on the general shape by application of Biot-Savart law in its general form. Method eliminates the usual errors in calculation created by approximation of infinite straight conductors in power line applications. The method has been extensively tested on a set of shapes that analytical solutions are known. It has been shown that the numerical solution converges uniformly to analytical solution and the accuracy depends only on the number of finite elements.

Bifurcation and traveling wave solutions of stochastic Manakov model with multiplicative white noise in birefringent fibers

According to the wave equation used when the optical pulse propagation in the fiber, the nonlinear coupled equation is a deduced under the joint actions of Raman effect and parametric amplification in the birefringent. with Lorentzian model of parallel Raman gain spectrum, the gain is obtained by combining the Raman effect and the parametric amplification when the pump wave polarization is oriented at 45 between the birefringent fiber axes. The gain spectrum is discussed as a function of the input parameters (input power, the group velocity mismatch) in different dispersion regimes. The result shows that Stokes and anti-Stokes gain spectra are asymmetric because of Raman effect. The gain appears as primarily anti-Stokes wave in anomalous dispersion regime, and Stokes wave in normal dispersion regime.