Search for the Father


 
 
 
 Background: Cleft lip and palate (CL/P) is one of the most common congenital anomalies with the prevalence of 1 case for every 1000 birth. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between paternal and maternal age to the incidence of cleft lip with or without cleft palate.
 Methods: This case-control study compares data of 74 cleft lip patients who was enrolled in Gentur Cleft Foundation Foundation year 2013 to 2015 compared to those of 86 normal children. Paternal and maternal age were categorized and compared to reference age (25-29 years old). Binary logistic regression was used to assess the interaction between paternal and maternal age adjusted to several confounding factors.
 Results: Paternal age (PA) 18-24 year has OR 9.12 (95% CI = 2.2-36.7), PA 30-34 has OR 2.74 (95% CI =1.2-5.9), PA 35-48 has OR 5.82 (95% CI = 2.2-15.67) compared to those in the 25-29 years category. Maternal age (MA) 18-24 year has OR 4.385 (95% CI = 1.86-10.36), MA 35-48 has OR 6.58 (95% CI = 1.65-26.31) compared to those in the 25-29 years category. P-value was insignificant for MA 30-34 years. Interaction were observed in crossings between PA 18-24 with MA 18-24, PA 25-29 with MA 18-24, PA 30-34 with MA 18-24, PA 30-34 with MA 25-29, PA 35-48 with MA 30-34, and PA 35-48 with MA 35-40.
 Conclusion: We observed stronger association between paternal ages with CL/P compared to that of maternal age. Interactions of paternal and maternal age with high OR were found in youngest age group (18-24 years old), oldest age group (above 35 years old), and fathers who are approximately 10 years older than the mother.
 
 
 

Advanced paternal and grandpaternal age and schizophrenia: A three-generation perspective

A nationwide analysis of the association between parental age and incidence of cleft lip/palate.

This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a single center to investigate the influence of paternal age on oocyte recipient cycles. 320 IVF/ICSI oocyte recipient cycles resulting in embryo transfers between 01/2015- 06/2022 and meeting the inclusion criteria: donors ≤35 years, endometrial thickness 6mm and normal endometrial cavity were analyzed. Donor or surgically retrieved sperm or PGT-A cycles were excluded. Paternal and recipient ages were grouped according to previous literature for comparability. Primary outcome was live birth rate, and secondary outcomes were clinical pregnancy and miscarriage rates. The median recipient, paternal and donor ages were 42 (IQR: 19–50), 43 (IQR: 38–46) and 26 years (IQR: 23–29). 55.6% [N=178] of the cycles were fresh and 44.3% [N=142] were frozen embryo transfers. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression, adjusted for semen WHO criteria, recipient age, IVF/ICSI and fresh/frozen cycles highlighted reduced odds of live birth by 79%, OR 0.21 [95%CI 0.11 to 0.38]; P<0.0001, clinical pregnancy by 58%, OR 0.42 [95%CI 0.31 to 0.89]; P<0.0001 and increased odds of miscarriage by 108%, OR 2.08 [95%CI 1.91 to 3.01]; P<0.0001 in those of paternal age 51 years compared to fathers ≤35 years. Our study identifies the negative impact of advanced paternal age.

Effects of parental age on offspring viability have been reported in a wide range of species. However, to what extent parental age influences offspring traits beyond viability remains unclear. Moreover, previous research has primarily focused on maternal age effects. The purpose of this study was to test for paternal and maternal age effects on offspring speed in thoroughbred racehorses. We analysed over 900 000 race performances by over 100 000 horses on British racecourses between 1996 and 2019. With knowledge of the age of all 41 107 dams and 2 887 sires at offspring conception, we jointly modelled maternal and paternal age effects using a ‘within-individual centring’ approach. Within-parents, we identified a significant effect of maternal age on offspring speed of −0.017 yards s−1 yr−1 and a corresponding paternal age effect of −0.011 yards s−1 yr−1. Although maternal age effects were stronger (more negative), the existence and magnitude of paternal effects is particularly noteworthy, given thoroughbred sires have no involvement in parental care. Our results also suggest that the selective disappearance of both sires and dams is ongoing. These findings could potentially be used to optimize thoroughbred racehorse breeding decisions, and more generally, add to the increasing body of evidence that both maternal and paternal age affect a range of offspring characteristics.

Advanced paternal age (APA) has no formal definition, though many publications utilize the cutoff of fathers >40years of age. The literature demonstrates an association between APA and certain conditions including de novo autosomal dominant disorders, birth defects, and neuropsychiatric conditions. This study surveyed 165 genetic counselors within the National Society of Genetic Counselors to assess their current approach to APA. t Tests, analysis of variance, logistic regression, and chi-squared tests were performed on quantitative data, and content analysis was applied to qualitative data. Although most respondents have discussed APA with a patient (88%), there was no consensus on what age cutoff constitutes APA: >40 (N=53, 37.9%), >45 (N=61, 43.6%), >50 (N=24, 17.1%), or >55 (N=2, 1.4%). Those who discussed APA were more likely to be prenatal counselors, see more patients per week, be board certified, or be familiar with current APA guidelines. Respondents agreed the literature supports the association of APA with deleterious outcomes (mean agreement=8.2, median=8 on a 1=strongly disagree to 10=strongly agree). Individuals who discussed APA and were board certified had higher agreement. Content analysis confirmed agreement that the literature supports an association between APA and deleterious outcomes (documented in responses from 31.5% of prenatal respondents, 17.8% others) but noted that available testing and screening options for associated conditions are limited (34.4% of prenatal respondents, 17.4% others). Prenatal and non-prenatal respondents reported similar agreement with the statement that APA is associated with deleterious outcomes. However, most non-prenatal respondents were unfamiliar with current guidelines (80%), and presumably as a result, were also less likely to discuss APA with their patients. Our study identified a need to disseminate information regarding APA and current guidelines to genetic counselors, particularly non-prenatal and those with less experience.

Maternal age and paternal age are associated with distinct childhood behavioural outcomes in a general population birth cohort

Advancing paternal and maternal age have both been associated with risk for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, the shape of the association remains unclear, and results on the joint associations is lacking. This study tests if advancing paternal and maternal ages are independently associated with ASD risk and estimates the functional form of the associations. In a population-based cohort study from five countries (Denmark, Israel, Norway, Sweden and Western Australia) comprising 5 766 794 children born 1985–2004 and followed up to the end of 2004–2009, the relative risk (RR) of ASD was estimated by using logistic regression and splines. Our analyses included 30 902 cases of ASD. Advancing paternal and maternal age were each associated with increased RR of ASD after adjusting for confounding and the other parent's age (mothers 40–49 years vs 20–29 years, RR=1.15 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06–1.24), P-value<0.001; fathers⩾50 years vs 20–29 years, RR=1.66 (95% CI: 1.49–1.85), P-value<0.001). Younger maternal age was also associated with increased risk for ASD (mothers <20 years vs 20–29 years, RR=1.18 (95% CI: 1.08–1.29), P-value<0.001). There was a joint effect of maternal and paternal age with increasing risk of ASD for couples with increasing differences in parental ages. We did not find any support for a modifying effect by the sex of the offspring. In conclusion, as shown in multiple geographic regions, increases in ASD was not only limited to advancing paternal or maternal age alone but also to differences parental age including younger or older similarly aged parents as well as disparately aged parents.

BackgroundOlder paternal age may increase the germ cell mutation rate in the offspring. Maternal age may also mediate in utero exposure to pregnancy hormones in the offspring. To evaluate the association between paternal and maternal age at birth with the risk of breast cancer in female offspring, a case-control study was conducted in Korea.MethodsHistologically confirmed breast cancer cases (n = 1,011) and controls (n = 1,011) with no present or previous history of cancer, matched on year of birth and menopausal status, were selected from several teaching hospitals and community in Seoul during 1995–2003. Information on paternal and maternal ages and other factors was collected by interviewed questionnaire. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated by unconditional logistic regression model adjusting for family history of breast cancer in 1st or 2nd degree relatives, and lifetime estrogen exposure duration.ResultsThe risk of breast cancer significantly increased as the paternal age increased (p for trend = 0.025). The association was stronger after controlling for maternal age; women whose fathers were aged ≥40 years at their birth had 1.6-fold increased risk of breast cancer compared with fathers aged <30 years. This association was profound in breast cancer cases in premenopausal women (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.12–3.26, for paternal aged ≥40 vs. <30) (p for trend = 0.031). Although the risk of breast cancer increased as maternal age increased up to the intermediate, and then reduced; the risks in women whose mother were aged 25–29, 30–34, and ≥35 yrs at birth compared to women whose mothers were aged <25 years, were 1.2, 1.4, and 0.8, respectively, the trend was not significant (p for trend = 0.998).ConclusionThese findings suggest that older paternal age increases the risk of breast cancer in their female offspring.

Von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis is characterized by a relatively large proportion of apparently nonfamilial cases, presumed spontaneous mutations. This paper analyzes the distribution of paternal and maternal ages for 187 patients with von Recklinghausen disease representing the first definite case in their respective families. Mean paternal age was 32.8 years and mean maternal age was 27.4 years, both being significantly greater than for control populations (P equal to or less than .001). The advanced paternal age was not accounted for by the increase in maternal age. The methodology of controlling the general population paternal ages for each patient's birth year is described.

Maternal and paternal ages at conception of index child and risk of childhood acute leukaemia: A multicentre case-control study in Greater Mexico City

The association between paternal age and adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) has not been well studied. We sought to determine whether advanced paternal age (APA) is associated with adverse maternal or neonatal outcomes.Secondary analysis of 8,863 pregnancies from the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study Monitoring Mothers-to-Be (nuMoM2b) prospective cohort in which both maternal and paternal age at conception were known. APA was defined as age ≥ 40 years and AMA was defined as age ≥ 35 years. Composite maternal and fetal/neonatal APO outcomes were adjudicated by experts using previously defined methods. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations between APA, AMA, and their combination (AMA and APA), with the outcomes of interest (APO, fetal/neonatal, and combined APO or fetal/neonatal outcomes). Multivariable analyses were adjusted for covariates identified a priori: self-reported race and ethnicity, education, body mass index, maternal medical conditions, assisted reproductive technology (ART), and maternal age in APA only models.APA in isolation was not significantly associated with maternal or fetal/neonatal adverse outcomes (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.89 - 1.32). In contrast, AMA pregnancies and pregnancies in which both parents were of advanced age were associated with significantly increased risk of maternal or fetal/neonatal adverse outcome (aOR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.17 - 1.59, p < 0.001 and aOR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.25 - 2.05, p < 0.001), respectively. Findings were similar when individuals who used assisted reproductive technology (ART) were excluded from analyses.In our study of nulliparous birthing people, in contrast to AMA pregnancies, APA alone was not significantly associated with a heightened risk of maternal or fetal/neonatal APOs. However, pregnancies from both AMA and APA individuals demonstrated a trend toward a higher risk of APOs compared with AMA pregnancies. Further research is needed to delineate the mechanism driving this finding. · There is an established association between older maternal age and increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Determining the influence of paternal age on pregnancy outcomes is of equal importance.. · Prior data are inconclusive on the association of APA and rates of miscarriage, fertilization rates, and aneuploidy, and to our knowledge, the associations with adverse pregnancy outcomes have not been previously examined.. · This study examines if APA (paternal age ≥ 40 years) is an independent risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes in a cohort of nulliparous birthing people..

Advanced Paternal Age is associated with earlier schizophrenia onset in offspring. Results from the national multicentric FACE-SZ cohort

The Signposts program is an evidence-based intervention system for parents of children with intellectual disability and challenging behaviours. This research aimed to provide an investigation of the outcomes associated with father participation in Signposts alongside mothers, and to explore the impact and inter-relationships between a range of identified risk factors (including child characteristics, stress, and contextual factors) and resistance factors (including coping approach, intrapersonal, and social-ecological characteristics) on father participation with mothers in the program. The research was conducted as two studies. Study One involved an initial investigation of the outcomes for mothers associated with father participation in the Signposts Statewide program. Pre to postprogram changes were calculated for 134 mothers who participated in Signposts with fathers and 483 mothers who participated without fathers. Results suggested that although mothers in both groups benefitted from the program, the mean pre to postprogram effect size was notably larger for mothers who participated with fathers. A series of one-way between-groups analysis of covariance (ANCOVAs) was also conducted. After controlling for preprogram differences between groups, results indicated that mothers who participated with fathers were significantly less hassled in relation to their needs as parents following participation in Signposts. Study Two involved a Pilot Study that tested two measures of beliefs regarding the role of the father with a sample of 25 practitioners, and included both a quantitative and qualitative phase. The quantitative phase of the study involved the collection of preprogram questionnaires from seven practitioners, and preprogram, postprogram, and follow-up questionnaires from 45 mother-father dyads who participated in Signposts together, and 30 mother-father dyads where the mother participated in Signposts, but the father did not. A series of one-way ANCOVAs was conducted, with mothers who participated with fathers reporting significantly lower postprogram parenting hassles, and improved marital and family functioning after controlling for preprogram differences. Relationships between risk and resistance factors were examined, and direct logistic regression performed to investigate how these factors supported or inhibited father participation in Signposts. The full model was statistically significant, with two variables, paternal beliefs regarding the importance of the father’s nurturing role and preprogram paternal ratings of child disruptive behaviour making unique contributions to the model. Phase Two of the study involved the conduct of semi-structured interviews with eight Signposts practitioners, nine fathers who had recently participated in the program, and seven fathers whose partners had recently participated in Signposts. A number of themes were identified which augmented the findings from the quantitative phase of the study. The results of this research are important as they highlight a range of program benefits for mothers, fathers, and children associated with father participation in Signposts. These are of particular significance in light of research describing the increased stress experienced by mothers of children with a disability. This research also adds to the theoretical and clinical knowledge-base by developing and testing a model of father participation, which may assist researchers and practitioners to identify factors that support or inhibit paternal involvement in the program.

Study question Does paternal age intensify the negative effects of cryopreservation on sperm quality? Summary answer Paternal age exacerbates the adverse impact of cryopreservation on sperm quality. What is known already Despite mounting evidence indicating age-related declines in sperm quality, the impact of APA on male fertility remains unclear. APA raises questions about DNA fragmentation and mitochondrial activity, a robust indicator of sperm functionality. While sperm cryopreservation is extensively employed in fertility preservation and assisted reproductive technology (ART), its potentially detrimental effects on cells compartments, including mitochondria, persist. The mechanisms of APA on sperm susceptibility to cryopreservation-induced cellular damage still need to be addressed. Study design, size, duration This prospective multicentric study, conducted between January and October 2023, comprised 200 men. Only normozoospermic samples were included in the research (n = 81). Then, based on their age, the participants were categorised into two groups: ages ≤35 (non-APA, n = 40) and ages ≥42 (APA, n = 41). The cohorts were stratified into distinct subgroups, encompassing both fresh and frozen/thawed specimens of APA and non-APA sperm, and subjected to evaluations encompassing mitochondrial functionality, acrosomal reaction, DNA fragmentation and Tyrosine phosphorylation. Participants/materials, setting, methods Semen samples were collected after 2-7 days abstinence and analysed according to WHO 2021 guidelines. Acrosomal status was determined using FITC-conjugate PSA. DNA fragmentation was examined with the Halosperm kit. Mitochondrial functionality was gauged using MitoTracker Red CMXRos through the percentage of stained cells and fluorescence intensity and PCR for mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn). Tyrosine phosphorylation was assessed through immunofluorescence and Western Blotting. Main results and the role of chance Non-APA group exhibited significantly superior fresh semen characteristics. DNA fragmentation was notably elevated in fresh semen from APA group, reaching 21.7%, compared to 15.4% non-APA individuals. After cryopreservation, the DNA fragmentation index further increased in men over 42 years to 26.7%. Mitochondrial functionality analysis indicated a significant decrease in staining intensity in cryopreserved sperm, notably in the APA group, with mean fluorescence intensity decreasing from 3.35±1.5 to 1.8±0.5. In contrast, the non-APA group experienced a drop from 3.33±1.6 to 2.53±1.6. Additionally, in the APA group, a significant increase in mtDNAcn was observed in both fresh and frozen/thawed sperm compared to the younger counterparts, indicative of poor mitochondrial quality. Cryopreservation negatively impacted acrosome integrity in both age groups, with a significant decrease observed in unreacted acrosomes from 71.5% to 57.7% in the non-APA group and from 75% to 63% in the APA group. Furthermore, exploration of capacitation-like changes, like tyrosine phosphorylation, demonstrated a significant decrease with age and a negative impact of cryopreservation on tyrosine phosphorylation in sperm from young males. Limitations, reasons for caution Main limitations are the small number of examined samples and the inclusion of only normozoospermic patients. Therefore, future investigations are needed to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of paternal age on cryopreservation-induced stress in human spermatozoa. Wider implications of the findings Our research sheds light on the influence of paternal age on sperm cryopreservation, revealing higher vulnerability of mitochondria and elevated DNA fragmentation in APA. These findings should be considered when advising older men on choosing cryopreservation techniques in assisted reproductive treatments. Trial registration number Not applicable