Secure Data Exchange Based on Wireless Sensor Network for Environmental Monitoring Using Dynamical Attributed Based Encryption

In Internet of Things (IoT) era, The limitation storage on Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) can be solved by synchronized data sensors from the gateway node to the data center server. Data in the data center can be remotely accessed by the user at any time and anywhere from end user devices such as PCs, laptop PCs, and smart phones., and data should be accessed securely. The Only legitimated user can access the data sensor from an environmental health data center. CP-ABE (Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption) is becoming a robust cryptographic scheme solution to this issue. To enable a secure data sensor sharing and access on an environmental health data center, we propose a secure system model using CP-ABE which ensures confidentiality, integrity, and user privacy features. Experimental results prove that the implementation of CP-ABE does not overload the system.

Nowadays, many organizations are adopting cloud computing for storing the large amount of organization’s important and private data. Here, it becomes important to mange appropriate access rights to these data as it is stored outside the organization’s boundary and is handled by the third party service providers. The Ciphertext Policy Attribute-based Encryption (CPABE) scheme is the most widely utilized technique that offers encrypted access control. In the existing implementations of CPABE scheme, one of the significant issues that need to be addressed is an efficient revocation mechanism. In this paper a direct and immediate user revocation approach for CPABE scheme is presented. The proposed method offers direct user revocation by maintaining the revocation list and to keep revocation list smaller the validity time is embedded in the user’s secret key. The revoked users are still able to access the previously generated ciphertexts. Hence, ciphertext update process is incorporated and a separate immediate revocation list is maintained so that the revoked users’ access is restricted. Also, in the proposed system the revocation information is embedded in ciphertext as a separate part so the update process of ciphertext is more efficient.KeywordsAttributesRevocationABECPABERevocation listValidity periodCloudAccess structure

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been recognized for their utility in a variety of different fields including military sensing and tracking, environmental monitoring, patient monitoring and tracking smart environments. The more scientists try to develop further cost and energy efficient computing devices and algorithms for WSNs, the more challenging it becomes to fit the security of WSNs into such a constrained environment. Thus, familiarity with the security aspects of WSNs is essential before designing WSN systems. In order to provide effective integrity, confidentiality, and authentication during communication, the need for additional security measures in WSNs emerges. In this paper, the authors review the security requirements for WSNs, the different kinds of possible attacks, and security mechanisms used to overcome these attacks. The authors also present some statistical data for such attacks in WSN and some tables that indicate a comparison between different security mechanisms.

Communication in wireless sensor networks uses the majority of a sensor's limited energy. Using aggregation in wireless sensor network reduces the overall communication cost. Security in wireless sensor networks entails many different challenges. Traditional end-to-end security is not suitable for use with in-network aggregation. A corrupted sensor has access to the data and can falsify results. Additively homomorphic encryption allows for aggregation of encrypted values, with the result being the same as the result when unencrypted data was aggregated. Using public key cryptography, digital signatures can be used to achieve integrity. We propose a new algorithm using homomorphic encryption and additive digital signatures to achieve confidentiality, integrity and availability for in-network aggregation in wireless sensor networks. We prove that our digital signature algorithm which is based on the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ECDSA) is as secure as ECDSA.

Effective cooling is crucial for optimal data center performance and reliability. However, addressing environmental factors that affect data center operation and uptime remains a research gap. This chapter proposes the Real-Time Environment Monitoring and Alert System (RTEMAS) as a comprehensive solution, utilizing ESP32-based IoT devices and the MQTT protocol for scalable and secure data center monitoring. The system communicates using the ESP-NOW protocol based on (Wireless Sensor Networks) WSNs., transmitting real-time data to a central hub for remote monitoring. Temperature, humidity, air quality and airflow are monitored using sensors, analytics and intuitive dashboards. We utilize best practices recommended by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and AirConditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) for temperature and humidity control. RTEMAS demonstrates its effectiveness, scalability and security through experimental validation. Compared to traditional solutions like Enviromux, and Data loggers, RTEMAS offers a cost-effective and flexible approach with remote monitoring capabilities, wireless sensor connectivity and broader environmental monitoring functionalities. This research addresses the research gap by providing a comprehensive data center environmental monitoring solution.

Although much work has been done since wireless sensor networks appeared, there is not a great deal of information available on real deployments that incorporate basic features associated with these networks, in particular multihop routing and long lifetimes features. In this article, an environmental monitoring application (Internet of Things oriented) is described, where temperature and relative humidity samples are taken by each mote at a rate of 2 samples/min and sent to a sink using multihop routing. Our goal is to analyse the different strategies to gather the information from the different motes in this context. The trade-offs between ‘sending always’ and ‘buffering locally’ approaches were analysed and validated experimentally, taking into account power consumption, lifetime, efficiency and reliability. When buffering locally, different options were considered such as saving in either local RAM or FLASH memory, as well different alternatives to reduce overhead with different packet sizes. The conclusion is that in terms of energy and durability, the best option is to reduce the overhead. Nevertheless, sending larger packets is not worthy when the probability of retransmission is high. If real-time monitoring is required, then sending always is better than buffering locally.

The issues exist in the traditional environmental monitoring system for the campus, such as high costs, inflexibility deployment of instrument and so on. There are various kinds of solutions that make use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for environmental monitoring. However, they are not the most appropriate solution for the environmental monitoring in the campus because of longer than desired development cycles. In this paper, it proposes WSNs prototype for environmental monitoring in the campus based on Arduino open source platform. The design of system is described in detail, which includes sensor nodes, sink nodes and the server. The experiment shows that the system is reasonable and feasible, it can realize timely collection, and works stable during data processing.

In this study, a novel collaborative method is developed to optimize hybrid sensor networks (HSN) for environmental monitoring and anomaly search tasks. A weighted Gaussian coverage method hs been designed for static sensor allocation, and the Active Monitoring and Anomaly Search System method is adapted to mobile sensor path planning. To validate the network performance, a simulation environment has been developed for fire search and detection with dynamic temperature field and non-uniform fire probability distribution. The performance metrics adopted are the detection time lag, source localization uncertainty, and state estimation error. Computational experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of HSNs. The results demonstrate that the optimal collaborative deployment strategy allocates static sensors at high-risk locations and directs mobile sensors to patrol the remaining low-risk areas. The results also identify the conditions under which HSNs significantly outperform either only static or only mobile sensor networks in terms of the monitoring performance metrics.

We have recently witnessed the rapid development of several emerging technologies, including the internet of things, which lead to a high interest in wireless sensor networks. Tiny sensor nodes are now important parts of a large number of complex systems, with numerous applications including military, environment monitoring, surveillance and body area sensor networks. One of the biggest challenges each wireless sensor network has to handle is the network lifetime maximization. To achieve this, numerous clustering algorithms have been created, with the goal to improve energy consumption throughout the network by balancing the energy consumption overall nodes. All clustering algorithms incorporate load balancing to achieve energy efficiency. One of the basic and most important algorithms in use is LEACH. Swarm intelligence metaheuristics have already been applied in solving numerous problems of wireless sensor networks, including lifetime optimization, localization and many other NP hard problems with promising results, as can be seen in the literature overview. In the research proposed in this paper, an improved version of the firefly algorithm has been applied to improve the network lifetime. The firefly algorithm was used to help in forming the clusters and selection of the cluster head. Additionally, we have evaluated the performance of the improved firefly algorithm by comparing it to the LEACH, basic firefly algorithm and particle swarm optimization, that were all tested on the same network infrastructure model. Conducted simulations have proven that our proposed metaheuristic achieves better and more consistent performance than other algorithms.

In a Decentralized Identifier (DID), the Holder does not depend on a third party but controls self-identity information and is authenticated by the Verifier. Therefore, the Verifier can request verification data for access control from the Verifiable Data Registry (VDR) and credentials to authenticate the Holder. Data access control should be used when requesting data access such that only authorized Verifiers can access it. Consequently, studies on secure and efficient data access control have been conducted, and among them a scheme using Ciphertext Policy Attribute-based Encryption (CP-ABE) is underway. However, when the CP-ABE scheme is applied to the DID, the Holder’s extended Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI), which proves that the Holder has approved access to the Holder’s data stored in the VDR, is not ensured. Furthermore, the VDR does not verify the Verifier’s data access rights, resulting in unauthorized verification and illegal access to data by the user. And issue infringement of the Holder’s privacy, where Verifiers can infer the Holder by sharing and connecting the same DID-based Verifiable Presentations (VPs) of the Holder. Also, it leads to overheads in the amount of computation and search time for encryption/decryption. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a data access control for secure authentication by solving the security vulnerabilities of CP-ABE and using a CP-ABE-based dual Verifiable Credential (VC) scheme in DID.

Cipher text-Policy Attribute Based Encryption (CP-ABE) is a promising cryptographic primitive for fine-grained access control of shared data. However, when CP-ABE is used to control outsourced data sharing, it confronts two obstacles. Firstly, the data owner must trust the attributes authority, secondly, the issue of attribute revocation of CP-ABE schemes, which suffers from such problems as different granularities of revocation, poor scalability and high computational complexity, is cumbersome. In this paper, we propose a new CP-ABE scheme that the data owners can fully control their outsourced shared data. We also resolve the issue of revocation including the entire user access privilege and just partial access right of the user, i.e., a subset of his/her attributes. Our proposed solution can achieve minimal overload by integrating CP-ABE with the access control of system. In addition, the data owners and the attributes authority can delegate most of laborious tasks to revocation proxy severs with the technique of proxy re-encryption. Finally, we present the quantitative test and analysis on the performance of our proposed scheme.

Current key management schemes only consider the security of newly deployed nodes in wireless sensor networks, whereas the security of mobile nodes is ignored. In order to ensure data transfer secure in node mobility scenarios, we propose a composite security mechanism based on the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm to help nodes in the mobile scenarios to authenticate their identities and establish the pairwise keys. Analysis shows that this scheme is very low in storage, computation, and communication overhead.

Problem statement: Wireless sensor networks, brings out variety of different challenges at energy level, integrity, authentication, communication cost. Approach: In the secure data aggregation techniques, reduction in the energy consumption was not elaborated in detail, since aggregator means of connection to sink was either direct or through other aggregators which need high energy level. Results: We suggest an Energy Constrained Secure Hierarchical Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks. At first the network was divided into clusters, each cluster begins with an aggregator and aggregator was connected to sink. Based on distance to sensor nodes and its energy level the aggregator detects the node. Separate keys were distributed to the two levels i.e., sensor node to the aggregator and aggregator to the sink. Whenever a data had to be sent from a sensor node to another node; initially the sensor node encrypts the data using a key and sends it to the aggregator. Conclusion/Recommendations: The digital signature algorithm that is based on the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm is as secure and has reduced energy consumption.

Multi-authority proxy re-encryption based on CPABE for cloud storage systems

In recent years, data centers have emerged to be an increasingly important computing infrastructure. It is shown that wireless sensor networks (sensor nets) can provide fine-grained measurements in data centers, and achieve better control of the data center platform for energy efficiency. However, the usage of sensor nets has so far been limited to auxiliary functions, such as sensory data collection across a data center. We argue that the combined computational and networking capability of a sensor network enables it to interact with the clusters in a much more sophisticated way and enhance essential functions in a data center. We have designed a Cluster-Area Sensor Network (CASN) to improve the cluster management and operational security in the system. Implemented with TelosB motes, CASN can be easily deployed in a cluster, with sensor nodes attached in an ad hoc manner to servers, and provides key system functions including cluster-wide command dissemination and verification of physical presence. Experimental results show that CASN has 85% success rate in verifying physical locations of servers with coarse-grained localization when the threshold is 3 meters, and incurs small latency in cluster-wide command dissemination.