Security in wireless sensor networks using ECC

A scheme for WSNs (wireless sensor networks) security is given by dividing sensing tetrahedron into clusters and using the symmetric polynomials in this paper.The sensing tetrahedron is divided into a number of small grids.All those sensor nodes, both ordinary sensor nodes and heterogeneous sensor nodes are distributed in the sensing tetrahedron.In a grid, all ordinary sensor nodes and heterogeneous sensor nodes establish their shared keys through using the symmetric polynomials.All the heterogeneous sensor nodes establish their shared keys through using the symmetric polynomials.At last, all sensor nodes establish their keys directly or indirectly in the whole sensing tetrahedron.Analysis and comparison demonstrate this scheme enhances the WSN security, has good network connectivity, saves node storage, reduces network computing load, and extends the network lifetime.

Being one of the main technologies for Internet of Things (IoT), wireless sensor network is absolutely critical and plays an increasingly important role in the development of Internet of Things. Wireless sensor network is mobile network composed of sensor nodes with limited resources, like computation capability, energy, memory storage, and communication capability. Its characteristic results in that the security of wireless sensor network faces a great challenge. Hence, the security of wireless sensor network is an important issue for the development of IoT and shall be focused on. In this paper, a novel authentication scheme is proposed for wireless sensor networks based on theory of quadratic residues. It is making the use of master key to achieve simple symmetric cryptographic primitives and authentication operation and reach the aims of great resistance against the attacks and low energy consumption. Then the proposed scheme is compared with other network-wide key management schemes, obtaining better results in the aspects of security, efficiency, and scalability.

In-network data aggregation plays an important role to reduce the transmitting energy and data redundancy in large scale sensor networks. However, the security of wireless sensor networks is a challenging problem in the process of data aggregation. An efficient secure data aggregation is proposed to enhance the data security of wireless sensor networks. Firstly, the secure in-network aggregation tree is introduced, then a judgment method based on trust schema was used to detect whether a sensor node has potential misbehavior. After the detection, a local recovery schema is proposed to reduce the possibility to become isolated nodes, which will increase the security level in data aggregation in wireless sensor networks. The performance analysis shows the efficiency of the schema.

Wireless sensor network is an area in wireless computing research which has been receiving a lot of attention recently. This can be mainly attributed to the huge number of potential applications of a wireless sensor network. As wireless sensor networks are primarily employed for sensing tasks, the architecture of the node in the network is fairly simple making them more energy efficient. This is where the main shortcoming of a wireless sensor network is. Due to the simple architecture it is difficult to ensure security in a wireless sensor network, as security protocols need to be lightweight enough to meet the energy constraints of the nodes. This is where this paper comes up with a proposal to enhance an already existing protocol to improve both the security and efficiency of the wireless sensor network. Keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks; Authentication; Security; Sensor Network Architecture; Clustering

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an emerging wireless communication networks to provide potential secure optimized data routing between source and destination. Presently the performance analysis of the Wireless Sensor Network routing technique and security protocols is the major research issues. A major issue in wireless sensor network (WSN) is the energy constraint in a node and its limited computing resources, which may pose an operational hazard or limitations on the network lifetime. Therefore, analyses of innovative secure routing techniques are required to utilize the resources of WSN to improve the life time of network in WSN. To design & develop any innovative wireless sensor network routing and security protocol, the network characteristics & its design issues are important consideration. The proposed spherical Grid Routing Protocol (SGRP) is designed and developed to enhance Quality of service to improve WSN performance using NS2 simulator compare to compared to modified LEACH techniques. The packet transmitted, packet received, average energy, throughput and packet delivery ratio are the main common performance measures that are used for performance analysis of proposed SGRP protocols.

In this paper, wireless sensor network (WSN) security issue in the presence of an eavesdropper is analysed. The sensor-sink as well as sensor-eavesdropper channels are assumed to be subjected to generalized-K fading. According to the physical layer security framework, we employ round-robin, optimal sensor and cumulative distribution function-based scheduling scheme to enhance secure connection between sensor nodes and to attain low probability of intercept. Novel analytical results are given in a form of easy-to-compute analytical expressions for the intercept probability. Additionally, asymptotic closed-form expressions are derived and diversity orders of scheduling schemes are determined. Numerical results demonstrate important impacts of fading and shadowing parameters of main and wiretap links, network size and selected scheme on WSN security. Presented results are validated by independent Monte Carlo simulations.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are a massive number of tiny nodes installed in harsh and hostile environments to monitor and gather specific data. WSNs installed to support bridge structures, healthcare, robotics, environmental monitoring, etc. WSNs can be used to monitor the pressure, temperature, sabotage of transmission lines, and leak detection. WSNs are vulnerable to different attacks. Cryptographic algorithms have a good role in information security for wireless sensor networks. Accordingly, various cryptographic algorithms provide security in networks. Cryptography has two techniques: the symmetric-key technique and the asymmetric-key technique. But there are still some problems. For example, to store the key across all nodes in the network, the symmetric-key technique needs more storage, while the asymmetric-key technique takes more computation time. This paper proposed a hybrid security algorithm that provides a high-security level with high-speed encryption and decryption using symmetric-key and asymmetric-key cryptographic techniques to avoid computation and memory overheads. It gives three cryptographic primitives, confidentiality, integrity, and authentication. The concept is to use the Blowfish to provide encryption, Message Digest 5 (MD5) for integrity, and Elliptic Curve Diffie Hellman (ECDH) for authentication. The proposed algorithm obtains the best results overall using two computers (A and B) compared to several other algorithms in terms of ciphertext size, encryption time, decryption time, and throughput. By using computer A and the plaintext size is 609 Bytes, the proposed algorithm has 87.9% ciphertext size compared to HA, 19.6% encryption time compared to HCA, and 41.1% decryption time compared to HCA.

Security of wireless sensor networks is a major issue to protect sensor nodes from the attacker. Key management or key pre-distribution (KPS) is the preliminary step in the security of a sensor network, where secret keys are loaded into the sensor node’s memory before placement of the node in target positions. Various schemes for KPS have been proposed for location dependent as well as location independent wireless sensor networks. Costas arrays are $$n \times n$$ matrices grid represented where dots are placed for the l’s and leave blanks for the 0’s of the matrix for a positive integer n with the property that the vectors connecting two dots of the grid are all distinct as vectors. Costas arrays have a wide range of application including the construction of sonar signal pattern, cryptography, etc. Due to the Costas arrays property of uniqueness among their elements, it can be used in key pre-distribution of wireless sensor networks, especially in a location-dependent grid-based network. In this paper, we have proposed a Costas array based key pre-distribution scheme. Simulations are done on different network scenarios and the results were analyzed. Comparative performance analysis of the scheme is shown for different grid sized network considering various order of Costas array.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are usually deployed in hostile or unattended areas, and users need to obtain real-time data from WSNs. The data collected by sensor nodes are usually relatively private and sensitive, so users must pass the identity authentication before obtaining the information perceived by sensor nodes. In order to enhance the security of wireless sensor networks and prevent illegal users from accessing sensor nodes, this paper designs an efficient and secure identity authentication protocol for wireless sensor networks. The proposed protocol makes full use of the advantages of lightweight cryptographic primitives such as physical unclonable function, one-way hash function and bitwise exclusive operation. Moreover, users only need to use biometrics (such as fingerprints, iris) to access the remote systems and do not need to rely on any password, which avoids the trouble of memorizing and losing password. To prove the scheme’s security, the well-known formal security proof with random oracle model and traditional heuristic discussion are given. Additionally, the performance comparison results show that our scheme has less communication overhead and computation complexity, and is effective for the resource constrained sensor devices in WSNs.

Wireless sensor network is of prime importance because of its applicability in various domains ranging from healthcare applications to military applications. Security of such networks is important as these carry confidential information. Security of Wireless Sensor Network is divided in three phases, prevention, detection and mitigation. In Prevention phase, care is taken so that attack should not occur. But most of the times it is not possible to prevent attacks, so it is very important to detect them as early as possible so that these will not harm a lot to wireless sensor network and that phase is called as intrusion detection. Once Intrusion has been detected we have to take actions to cure from it and it is called as mitigation. So, Intrusion detection is most important phase as far as security of wireless sensor network is concerned. This paper discusses about various detection methodologies such as Anomaly based, Misuse based and Specification based IDS, various decision making schemes for intrusion. Major focus of this paper is to understand various Intrusion Detection Systems that are proposed for wireless sensor network. These are discussed with different issues with advantages and disadvantages. Finally paper gives future directions for selection of Intrusion Detection System.

Wireless sensor networks are nowadays widely popular and has become an integral part in the military applications for human monitoring, thermal detection etc. Security of Wireless sensor network (WSN) becomes a very important issue with the rapid developme nt of WSN that is vulnerable to a wide range of attacks such as sinkhole attacks due to deployment in the hostile environment and having limited resources. Intrusion detection system is one of the major and efficient defensive methods against attacks in WS N. One such detection technique is black listing technology.But using only Black listing technology is not suitable for a mobile intruder since it was designed considering only a static intruding node in a WSN. So it is necessary to build an energy efficient Intrusion detection system for sinkhole attack by a mobile intruder in WSN. We are intended to design an energy efficient system for detection of sinkhole and elimination of a mobile intruder from WSN nodes using a technology called greylisting. This t echnology uses pre alarm packets to warn the neighboring nodes about the intruder and the energy consumed by the pre alarm packets for making an alarm is much lesser than that of the packets used in black listing technology. Thus this method will serve asthe solution for the dilemma in providing the security for WSN in sinkhole attack.

This paper presents an analysis of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) security issues that take place due to eavesdropping. The sensor-eavesdropper channels and the sensor sinks are exposed to generalized K-fading. Based on the physical layer security framework we use cumulative distribution, optimal sensors and round robin scheduling scheme to decrease the probability of interception and to equip secure connection between the nodes. For identifying the interception probability, a novel analytical methodology is present with simple analytical expressions. Moreover, diversity orders of scheduling schemes and asymptotic closed-form expressions are evaluated. Numerical results show the crucial result of shadowing and fading parameters of wiretap and main links, selected schemes on WSN security and network size. We have analyzed the output using Monte Carlo simulation and conclusions show the validation of the proposed work.

in this paper a new method is introduced to increase security in wireless sensor networks by using data-oriented random number generator to encrypt tag of frames. These tags are exclusive disjunction with output of data-oriented random number generator. Data-oriented is a new and applied theory which provides methods that models the concepts with data structures. This idea increases the security in multi levels. First level is provided by interleaving method, second one by seed value of pseudo-random number generators, third one by the initial distribution of number bank and finally by operations which is applied to the number bank.

Until recently use of sensors to collect sensitive parameters had only few risk factors such as sensor malfunction, uncertainty of data collection, or missing data coverage. Some issues in these categories were addressed by multi-sensor application or sensor fusion. However, advancement in technology and advent of wireless sensors in a networked environment, brought along a new risk factor related to the security in wireless sensor network. Therefore security in Wireless Sensor Network WSNs is challenging and critical to the functionality of the networked sensors. This is very important in cases of highly secure environment, especially in industrial, military, and medical domains. The standard WSN protocols focus on energy efficiency; transmission efficiency, and routing. WSN is known for limitations on hardware and software and for resources-constrained in general. An adaptive model of security that meets requirements and constraints in WSN is Intrusion Detections. This article investigates security in WSN and presents a design process for achieving optimum security based on requirements and constraints in WSNs. Further, comparative results between a proposed technique and other security current approaches are discussed.

As wireless sensor networks continue to grow, so does the need for effective security mechanisms. Because sensor networks may interact with sensitive data and/or operate in hostile unattended environments, it is imperative that these security concerns be addressed from the beginning of the system design. However, due to inherent resource and computing constraints, security in sensor networks poses different challenges than traditional network/computer security. There is currently enormous research potential in the field of wireless sensor network security. Thus, familiarity with the current research in this field will benefit researchers greatly. With this in mind, we survey the major topics in wireless sensor network security, present the obstacles and the requirements in the sensor security, classify many of the current attacks, and finally list their corresponding defensive measures.