Seismic Anisotropy Characterization in Heterogeneous Formations Using Borehole Sonic Data

Anisotropic elastic properties and phase stability of B2 and B19 CuZr structures under hydrostatic pressure

The investigation of electronic, anisotropic elastic and lattice dynamical properties of MAB phase nanolaminated ternary borides: <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.svg"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="bold-italic">M</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="bold-italic">Al</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="bold-italic">B</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si2.svg"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="bold-italic">M</mml:mi><mml:mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after">=</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="bold-italic">Mn</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si3.svg"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="bold-italic">Fe</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si4.svg"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="bold-italic">Co</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>) under spin effects

Woodford shale has recently emerged as a potential gas play in the U.S. Mid-continent, following in the footsteps of the Barnett shale. Profitable production from these formations relies on the success of horizontal well drilling and hydraulic fracturing design, which in turn depends greatly on knowledge about rock formation anisotropic elastic properties and pore pressure coefficients (poroelastic properties). In this paper, a suite of recently developed wire-line logs such as the Element Capture Spectroscopy (ECS) log, Sonic Scanner log, and porosity logs, were run on the Woodford and Barnett formations. The results were utilized to estimate the anisotropic elastic and poroelastic properties of these gas shale formations using the GeoGenome™ model, a theoretical upscaling model backed up with unique laboratory testing on field retrieved preserved shale samples at a scale that has never before been investigated; that is, observing mechanics from displacements as small as 100 nm to 100 μm, and maximum applied forces not even reaching 1000 μN. Comparison between laboratory Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity measured data, Sonic Scanner log data, and simulated data has shown excellent agreement, and thus confirmed the reliability of the GeoGenome upscaling model in obtaining shale anisotropic mechanical properties of which some parameters cannot be obtained even with the most advanced sonic log. In addition, a new technique was developed using nano-indentation to extract the Woodford shale mechanical and strength properties from drill-cuttings. The measured stiffnesses and compressibility on Woodford shale drill-cuttings-size chips have shown great potential for full mechanical characterization of rocks from just the drill-cuttings, which until recently were regarded as having little value for rock mechanical characterization besides some existing simple empirical correlations. This new shale testing technique will undoubtedly help the industry to significantly reduce the overhead associated with full core retrievals at great depths.

Magnetic moment collapse induced by high-pressure in semi-borides TM2B (TM = Fe, Co). A first-principles study

We propose a fast and efficient method to build anisotropic seismic velocity models by combining forward modeling and traveltime inversion of 2-D walkaway VSP data. Applying this approach, we derived anisotropic seismic velocity models for a 1200 m thick reservoir overburden consisting of horizontally layered shales and shaley sands in the Western Canadian basin. The models were determined by iteratively minimizing the misfit between the measured and modeled VSP first break times. The modeled times were calculated by 2-D ray tracing through isotropic and anisotropic velocity models. Once we achieved a fairly good match between the data and the model we then used inversion for fine-tuning. The proposed new method can help to provide good anisotropic velocity models for both surface and borehole seismic anisotropic migration.

Shale brittleness is one of the most important parameters to assess how the shale behaves upon subjecting to applied stress and evaluate the hydraulic fracturing treatment. Presence of lamination is a common feature in organic-rich shales which significantly create anisotropy in elastic properties and rock brittleness due to the platy minerals such as clays that have the tendency to be aligned in parallel orientation during burial and the digenesis process. Characterization of anisotropy and the understanding the controlling factors on the reservoir rock elastic properties, rock strength and rock brittleness are crucial for successful production and development of shales. The objective of this paper is to extend the previous discussion by (Ibrahim et al 2019), in which an integrated approach has been developed for evaluating the shale fracability, to explain the influences of shale lamination and emphasize on the effects of anisotropic in elastic properties on brittleness of organic-rich shales to better demonstrate the process of screening hydraulic fracturing candidate intervals and improve the hydraulic fracturing design which can eventually improve the production forecast. In this paper, we propose the vertical transverse isotropic (VTI) modeling to investigate the effect of shale lamination and anisotropy on rock elastic properties, tensile failure and wave velocity normal to bedding plane, which differ than they are when parallel to bedding plane. Throughout this study, it is observed that there is a remarkable effect of anisotropy parameters on rock elastic properties and tensile failure. This method help obtain more accurte brittleness index and give precise guide to optimize perforation depths choice and hydraulic fracturing design that can result in optimized hydrocarbon productivity.

The elastic properties of many materials in sheet or plate form can be approximated with orthotropic symmetry. In many sheet material manufacturing industries (e.g., the paper industry), manufacturers desire knowledge of certain anisotropic elastic properties in the sheet for handling and quality issues. Ultrasonic wave propagation in plate materials forms a method to determine the anisotropic elastic properties in a nondestructive manner. This work explores exact and approximate analysis methods of ultrasonic guided wave propagation in thin layers, explicitly dealing with orthotropic symmetry and propagation off-axis with respect to the manufacturing direction. Recent advances in full-field ultrasonic imaging methods, based on dynamic holography, allow simultaneous measurement of the plate wave motion in all planar directions within a single image. Results from this laser ultrasonic imaging approach are presented that record the lowest anti-symmetric (flexural) mode wavefront in a single image without scanning. Specific numerical predictions for flexural wave propagation in two distinctly different types of paper are presented and compared with direct imaging measurements. Very good agreement is obtained for the lowest anti-symmetric plate mode using paper properties independently determined by a third party. Complete determination of the elastic modulus tensor for orthotropic layers requires measurement of other modes in addition to the lowest anti-symmetric. Theoretical predictions are presented for other guided wave modes [extensional (S), flexural (A), and shear-horizontal (SH)] in orthotropic plates with emphasis on propagation in all planar directions. It is shown that there are significant changes in the dispersion characterization of these modes at certain frequencies (including off-axis mode coupling) that can be exploited to measure additional in-plane elastic moduli of thin layers. At present, the sensitivity of the imaging measurement approach limits experimental investigation to relatively large amplitudes easily produced by flexural wave motion (> 0.1 nm). Extension of the measurement range and application to other plate wave modes are in progress and shall be reported in future work.

The three-dimensional (3D) diamond-like semiconductor materials Si-diamondyne and Ge-diamondyne (also called SiC4 and GeC4) are studied utilizing density functional theory in this work, where the structural, elastic, electronic and mechanical anisotropy properties along with the minimum thermal conductivity are considered. SiC4 and GeC4 are semiconductor materials with direct band gaps and wide band gaps of 5.02 and 5.60 eV, respectively. The Debye temperatures of diamondyne, Si- and Ge-diamondyne are 422, 385 and 242 K, respectively, utilizing the empirical formula of the elastic modulus. Among these, Si-diamondyne has the largest mechanical anisotropy in the shear modulus and Young’s modulus, and Diamond has the smallest mechanical anisotropy in the Young’s modulus and shear modulus. The mechanical anisotropy in the Young’s modulus and shear modulus of Si-diamondyne is more than three times that of diamond as determined by the characterization of the ratio of the maximum value to the minimum value. The minimum thermal conductivity values of Si- and Ge-diamondyne are 0.727 and 0.524 W cm−1 K−1, respectively, and thus, Si- and Ge-diamondyne may be used in the thermoelectric industry.

Multi-phase ELAStic Aggregates (MELASA) software tool for modeling anisotropic elastic properties of lamellar composites

Elastic study of Potassium Sulphamate crystal using ultrasonic Pulse Echo Overlap technique

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1995Ultrasonic‐to‐seismic measurements of shale anisotropy in a North Sea wellAuthors: Brian E. HornbyDouglas E. MillerCengiz EsmersoyPhilip A. F. ChristieBrian E. HornbySchlumberger Cambridge Research, Douglas E. MillerSchlumberger Doll Research, Cengiz EsmersoySchlumberger Doll Research, and Philip A. F. ChristieSchlumberger Cambridge Researchhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1887505 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1887505FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited BySpatial delineation of rock types in the Meramec Formation by integrating core and seismic measurements, Loyal area, Kingfisher County, Anadarko BasinSwetal Patel, Ishank Gupta, Jing Fu, Ali Tinni, Kurt J. Marfurt, Carl Sondergeld, and Chandra Rai21 April 2021 | Interpretation, Vol. 9, No. 2Spatial delineation of rock types in the Meramec formation by integrating core and seismic measurements, Loyal Area, Kingfisher Co, Anadarko BasinSwetal Patel, Ishank Gupta, Jing Fu, Ali Tinni, Kurt. J. Marfurt, Carl Sondergeld, and Chandra Rai14 February 2021 | Interpretation, Vol. 0, No. jaIntegrated VTI model building with seismic data, geologic information, and rock-physics modeling — Part 1: Theory and synthetic testYunyue Li, Biondo Biondi, Robert Clapp, and Dave Nichols27 July 2016 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 81, No. 5Toward a closed loop from seismic imaging to earth-model buildingYunyue Elita Li, Biondo Biondi, Dave Nichols, and Robert Clapp2 February 2016 | The Leading Edge, Vol. 35, No. 2Experimental Assessment of Elastic Properties and Minimum Horizontal Stress in the Haynesville Shale-Gas FormationC. Chen Valdés and Z. Heidari*24 September 2014Stochastic rock physics modeling for seismic anisotropyYunyue (Elita) Li, Gary Mavko, and Dave Nichols5 August 2014Compressive strength and elastic properties of a transversely isotropic calcareous mudstone14 February 2013 | Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 61, No. 2Precise inversion of logged slownesses for elastic parameters in a gas shale formationDouglas E. Miller, Steve A. Horne, and John Walsh6 July 2012 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 77, No. 4Anisotropic elastic moduli of the Mancos B Shale‐ An experimental studyRituparna Sarker and Mike Batzle21 October 2010Improving seismic calibration and geomechanical models through characterization of anisotropy using single and multi well data: Case Study in Forties Field, UKAdam Donald, Andrea Paxton, Donald Keir, and Klaas Koster14 October 2009Anisotropy correction for deviated‐well sonic logs: Application to seismic well tieGEOPHYSICS, Vol. 68, No. 2Anisotropic approximations for mudrocks: A seismic laboratory studyGEOPHYSICS, Vol. 65, No. 6 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1995ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1995 Pages: 1566 publication data© 1995 Copyright © 1995 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Brian E. Hornby, Douglas E. Miller, Cengiz Esmersoy, and Philip A. F. Christie, (1995), "Ultrasonic‐to‐seismic measurements of shale anisotropy in a North Sea well," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 17-21. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1887505 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...

The Jurassic- and Cretaceous-age Vaca Muerta formation of the Neuquén Basin, Argentina, is a heterogeneous self-sourcing reservoir that is complicated by tectonic and volcanic influences. As an unconventional reservoir, its characterization requires the evaluation of key properties related to the production drivers: reservoir quality (RQ), drilling quality (DQ), and completion quality (CQ). A methodology is presented to maximize horizontal well success by identifying optimum horizontal well landing locations through integration of multidimensional petrophysical and geomechanical properties. This ongoing case study identifies of the key properties for RQ, DQ, and CQ through correlation analysis and production validation. The methodology uses a systematic and quantitative probability calculation to determine the lateral landing score (LLS) for all depths along a vertical pilot wellbore. Core-calibrated petrophysical evaluations of the interbedded siliciclastics, organic shales, ash beds, and tight limestones of the Vaca Muerta quantify uncertainty in estimates of reservoir properties (e.g., mineralogy, maturity, porosity, fluid saturations, and permeability) and RQ. Stress profiles, calibrated using core evaluation and stress tests, provide a predictive model of geomechanical properties (e.g., anisotropic elastic properties, in-situ stresses, wellbore stability, and rock fluid sensitivity). These parameters are critical for DQ and CQ predictions. Production results define appropriate normalization and weighting of properties for the LLS probability. Tectonic stresses in the Vaca Muerta may promote horizontal fractures that create restrictions to fracture growth and/or induce pinch points. Previous approaches to determine the target location in an unconventional resource play using geomechanical inputs alone may not apply to the Vaca Muerta because they overlook the effects of the fracture complexity induced by the stress regime of the prograding depositional environment. A high LLS occurs where positive RQ, DQ, and CQ values exist in sections thick enough to drill. The LLS brings together measurements from multiple domains to provide a qualitative, comparative, and repeatable ranking of ideal landing locations in tectonically active unconventional plays. Implementing the LLS as a decision-making tool for horizontal well placement generates both an optimized landing point and completion design. The workflow is iterated with available horizontal well production data to validate the relevant production drivers.

Over the past decade, there have been numerous receiver function studies directed at imaging the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB). Although it is generally accepted that receiver function phases observed in these studies are derived from physical mode conversions at depth within the lithosphere-asthenosphere transition, it is still debatable as to whether these phases are directly indicative of the LAB. This is because interpretation of receiver function LAB signals relies on understanding the elastic characteristics of the Earth’s outer thermal boundary layer. The main issues for receiver function imaging are the sharpness of the elastic material property transition and, more importantly, what specifically are the material gradients. To test the various transition models, a forward modelling approach is required that allows accurate waveform synthetics for a range of discontinuous and continuous gradients in anisotropic, elastic media. We present a derivation of the reflection and transmission response for continuous one-dimensional (1-D) gradients in generally anisotropic elastic media. We evaluate the influence of 1-D isotropic and anisotropic elastic gradients on the seismic waveform by comparing numerical results of models for discontinuous and continuous transitions. The results indicate that discontinuous representations using layers each with uniform parameters and with thicknesses on the order of approximately 1/3 to 1/8 of the dominant seismic wavelength can be used to accurately model P-to-S and S-to-P mode conversions due to continuous transitions of both isotropic and anisotropic elastic properties. From a practical point of view, when comparing synthetic modelling with observation, this constraint can be relaxed further. The presence of signal noise and/or the result of receiver function stacking techniques will likely obscure these subtle waveform e ff ects. Hence this study suggests that accurate synthetic waveforms for LAB transitions can be modelled with discontinuous gradient representations using a reasonable number of discrete transition layers with layer thicknesses no greater than 1/2 to 1/3 the dominant seismic wavelength.

Theoretical prediction of new structure, mechanical properties, anisotropy in elasticity and thermodynamic properties of Mo3Ge material

Development of a 2D axisymmetric SiC cladding mechanical model and its applications for steady-state and LBLOCA analysis