Sense-Making/Sensemaking

This conference paper addresses gaps in scholarship and pedagogy surrounding the phenomenon of “dark patterns” in digital marketing and interface design by showcasing three curriculum-building projects. Dark patterns refer to a set of design strategies that co-opt the human-centred values advocated for in the fields of user experience (UX) design and human-computer interaction (HCI) to manipulate users into taking actions contrary to their personal interests. Recent dark patterns research has clustered within the fields of HCI, media studies, and game studies, with a focus on e-commerce and online gambling platforms. The presented projects put this established research into conversation with scholarship from business and marketing, science and technology studies, cognitive neuroscience, and disability studies to both create a more holistic definition of dark patterns and implement this expanded definition into university course curricula. These include $2 , focused on contextualizing dark patterns within historical market segmentation and merchandising strategies; $2 , on broadening the definition of dark patterns to include non-screen interfaces; and $2 , on analyzing how dark patterns have a disproportionate effect on individuals with certain cognitive disabilities. Collectively, these projects aimed to grant a greater historicity and social context to the phenomenon of dark patterns and introduce them as a utilizable pedagogical concept within the disciplines of communications, technology, and design. The findings of these projects are presented through the sharing of pedagogical materials, informal and formal feedback, and planned curriculum revisions.

In the field of Human Computer Interaction (HCI), we use a variety of Knowledge Elicitation (KE) techniques to capture user cognitive issues e.g. via interviews, paper prototyping, card sorting, focus group debates and more. MIKE (Mobile Interactive Knowledge Elicitation) is an ongoing research direction to enhance the KE capabilities of HCI practitioners via mobile and electronic methods. MIKE tools are a suite of Mobile HCI software and hardware configurations for a variety of mobile platforms. With MIKE's CONKER we describe a Collaborative Non-linear Knowledge Elicitation Repository for HCI practitioners. Its intention is to provide a scalable infrastructure for supporting the management and collaborative retrieval of mobile based KE datasets. Some of its functional design requirements include HCI practitioner profiles management, managing experimental progress from dispersed mobile HCI teams, timetabling expenditures for time critical empirical capture and participant management, and enabling concurrent HCI specialists to compare elicited mobile data. Further expansion of the CONKER system will include incorporation of distributed psychometric analysis methods. CONKER is realized as a sourceforge-alike Web-Portal using state-of-the-art web-framework technologies. We describe several approaches to the capturing and management of HCI data and how CONKER makes this available to the HCI community.

With the escalating role of computers in educational system, human computer interaction, is becoming gradually more important part of it. The general believe is that with the progress in computing speed, communication technologies, and display techniques the existing HCI techniques may become a constraint in the effectual utilization of the existing information flow. The development of user interfaces influences the changes in the Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). Human hand gestures have been a mode of non verbal interaction widely used. The vocabulary of hand gesture communication has many variations. It ranges from simple action of using our finger to point at and using hands to move objects around for more complex expressions for the feelings and communicating with others. Also the hand gestures play a prominent role in teaching considering the explanations and exemplifications being highly dependent on hand gestures. Naturalistic and intuitiveness of the hand gesture has been an immense motivating aspect for the researchers in the field of Human Computer Interaction to put their efforts to research and develop the more promising means of interaction involving human and computers. The pursuance for the Human Computer Interaction research is moved by the central dogma of removing the complex and cumbersome interaction devices and replacing them with more obvious and expressive means of interaction which easily comes to the users with least cognitive burden like hand gestures. This paper designs a simple, natural system for gestural interaction between the user and computer for providing a dynamic user interface. The gesture recognition system uses image processing techniques for detection, segmentation, tracking and recognition of hand gestures for converting it to a meaningful command. This hand gesture recognition system has been proposed, designed and developed with the intensions to make it a substitute for mouse while making dynamic user interface between human and machine. Hence instead of making effort to develop a new vocabulary of hand gesture we have matched control instruction set of mouse to subset of most discriminating hand gestures, so that we get a robust interface. The interface being proposed here can be substantially applied towards different applications like image browser, games etc.

The focus of Human Computer Interaction (HCI) is to generate an understanding of how people can best interact with computers, and then to design and build technologies and tools that facilitate that interaction. As a field, HCI draws on many disciplines and perspectives. The primary contributors have historically been psychology, computer science and human factors -- more recent entries include (among others) anthropology, communication, education, graphic and industrial design, linguistics, sociology, and systems science. The work being done in the HCI field is shifting rapidly in response to the influx of these new perspectives. A quick survey of the literature from the past ten years reveals some further trends, and even some unexpected paradoxes 1 . Much of the work reported focuses either on theory [8], or on practice [3], although in many cases, work moves from theory to implementation and evaluation [4]. Papers are usually either technology-based [7] or user-based [11], but there is also work that approaches HCI problems from both of these ends of the interaction spectrum [12].

The aim of this programme of research was to build upon prior work regarding the heuristic evaluation of mobile applications in two important areas. A mixed methods approach was taken to address the research questions using questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, document analysis and statistical analyses. The first contribution of this programme of research was to adapt traditional usability heuristics, so they could be used to more effectively evaluate the usability of mobile applications. The resulting set of mobile application usability heuristics uncovered the highest number of usability issues in absolute terms, as well as the most critical issues within a well-known travel mobile application when compared to two other sets of usability heuristics. In addition, the set of mobile application usability heuristics defined within this programme of research was ranked as the most useful set by participants knowledgeable in the field of human-computer interaction when compared to two other sets of usability heuristics. The second contribution of this programme of research was to extend the set of mobile application heuristics allowing human-computer interaction researchers and practitioners to more effectively consider the potential impact of context of use on the usability of mobile applications. This addressed a gap in the literature as few effective methods existed for this purpose. The protocol was deemed easy to use, easy to understand and easy to learn by participants knowledgeable in the field of human-computer interaction. The beneficiaries of this programme of research are human-computer interaction researchers and practitioners, as well as mobile application users.

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to Mobile HCI2010, the 12th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services, and to Lisboa, Portugal. For the first time MobileHCI takes place in Portugal and is organised by the University of Lisboa, with the collaboration of the New University of Lisboa and the research centres LaSIGE and CITI, and in cooperation with ACM SIGCHI and ACM SIGMOBILE. Starting in 1998 in Glasgow, MobileHCI is now on its 12th edition and it is the leading conference in the field of Human Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services. The MobileHCI series provides a forum for academics and practitioners to discuss the challenges and potential solutions for effective interaction with mobile systems and services. It covers the design, evaluation and application of techniques and approaches for mobile and wearable computing devices and services. MobileHCI 2010 call for papers attracted many researchers and practitioners in the area receiving a total of 111 full papers and 114 short papers. Through a very thorough review process, we were able to accept 26 full papers and 20 short papers in a very competitive process. The acceptance rate for full papers was 23.4% and for short papers was 17.5%. In addition to the full and short papers, MobileHCI 2010 includes other submission categories that promote different types of interactions among the participants (workshops, panels, industrial case studies, a design competition, future innovations, posters, demos and experiences, and a doctoral consortium). This year, the programme includes three notable invited speakers, Patrick Baudish from the Hasso Plattner Institute, Josh Ulm from Vodafone UK, and Scott Jenson from Google USA, with mixed industry and academic backgrounds sharing their innovative work and experiences with the conference participants. The Programme Committee was fundamental in reaching the final high quality programme. As a new approach, the rigorous review process included Associate Chairs and Programme Committee members. Each paper was reviewed by at least three PC members (most of the papers by four or five) and was assigned to an Associate Chair that moderated online discussions to reach a final set of reviews for each paper. The Programme Chair and the Associate Chairs met in Lisboa in March 2010 to make the final decisions for the conference. In total, more than 1100 reviews were generated over the several categories of the programme.

The last decade has witnessed the development of academic research and professional work in the field of Human-computer interaction (HCI) and User Experience (UX) design in Indonesia. The pervasive adoption of mobile technology, the Internet and social technologies in the Indonesian society has highlighted the personal interaction and usability problems in the everyday life of Indonesians. This work-in-progress is intended to serve as a reference for the growing HCI and UX community in Indonesia. This paper represents a first attempt at describing the history of HCI and UX in Indonesia, the research and practice that contribute to its development in the present state, and a reflection of its future. A reflective discussion then concludes what defines the HCI and UX community in Indonesia, including what lies ahead in its future.

To transform pedagogically sound classroom tasks into effective CALL-ware, it is advantageous to have an approach that takes into account the general principles applicable to all human computer interaction (HCI). This paper outlines an attempt at such an approach. Teacher-designed, pedagogically sound software often fails in terms of usability, while highly usable, professionally made software is often based on ideas that are not in accord with those of a particular curriculum or teacher. The approach outlined below may assist in the process of transforming pedagogic materials and practices already successfully used in the classroom into easily usable software.

The fields of Human Computer Interaction (HCI) and art are increasingly intersecting, with HCI evaluations of interactive art works and artwork that borrows technology and repurposes it for interactive environments. This intersection indicates the need for a common-ground language and set of methods that can mediate between the two disciplinary bodies of knowledge and recognise the strengths of both. In this thesis I observe the situated, embodied and playful interaction that participants engage in with open-ended interactive artworks and devise 1) a robust, evolving methodology and 2) a common sense language that mediates between HCI and critical art practice. The evolving methodology integrates the artist’s intent into the focus of the questionnaires and face-to-face interviews, and implements a standard ethnomethodologically informed approach to ethnography as the method to observe the naturally occurring embodied action and interaction of the participants as they interact with the open-ended work. For the language, the work in this thesis builds a set of sensitising terms from the existing literature to act as guides and to direct focus of the observation. Through the grounded application of these guides, I then devise a common-sense language for multiple uses. The contribution of this thesis is threefold. First, it provides a methodological model for the evaluation of open-ended interactive artwork. The strength of this method is that it treats each work individually and recognises the importance of the artist intent and the traditions from which the work derives. In addition, the model applies rigorous ethnomethodologically informed methods to observe the naturally occurring actions of participants as they interact with the works. Second, the thesis contributes a set of sensitising guides and a common-sense language for 1) participants to use to describe their experience; 2) for researchers to use to code, analyse, report and discuss their findings; and 3) for inter-disciplinary researchers to use as a common-ground language. The language is useful to describe situated instances of play and modes of participation that participants naturally use in interacting with open-ended interactive works that require participants bodily interact with the work. Third, the thesis builds an understanding of open-ended free- play non-narrative environments and the affordances these environments enable. The thesis builds foundational work to add situated play as a useful construct to add to the literature on embodied and situated interaction.

As a process, information interaction is (fairly) well defined; considerable amount of research is devoted to the topic in various areas, particularly in human information behavior and human-computer interaction. In contrast the notion of in which this interaction takes place is ill or not defined and rarely researched -- mostly it is taken as a primitive term. Paul Watzlawick (1921-2007) facing a similar issue as to the notion of communication formulated five axioms in his theory of communication; the most famous is the first axiom: Cannot Not Communicate (Man kann nicht nicht kommunizieren). [1]. Directly following Watzlawick's axioms, this address is an attempt to formulate five axioms related to in information interaction. We start with an assumption that information interaction involves two distinct parties: an information system on the one hand, and an information user (or group of users) on the other hand. Systems and users are partners in interaction. Both have a context, but since there is no interaction without a user (or group), we concentrate here mostly with the user side of the context.Axiom 1: One cannot not have a context in information interaction. Every interaction is conducted within a context. Because context-less information interaction is impossible, it is not possible not to have a context.Axiom 2: Every interaction has a content and relationship aspect -- context is the later and classifies the former. It means that all interactions, apart from information derived from meaning of words or terms describing the content, have more information to be derived from context.Axiom 3: The nature of information interaction is asymmetric; it involves differing processes and interpretation by parties involved. Contexts are asymmetric as well. Systems context is primarily about meanings; user context is primarily about situations.Axiom 4: Context is multilayered. It extends beyond users or systems. In interactions it is customary to consider direct context, but context extends indirectly to broader social context also.Axiom 5: Context is not self-revealing, nor is it self-evident. Context may be difficult to formulate and synthesize. But plenty can go wrong when not taken into consideration in interactions.The problem of context is determining the conditions and circumstances that are relevant to a given information interaction; with this, the notion of information interaction context is connected with the notion of relevance in information science.

In the present dynamic and knowledge-driven business environment, Knowledge Management (KM) has emerged as a critical factor for enhancing organizational performance, fostering innovation, and ensuring long-term sustainability. Organizations increasingly rely on effective KM practices to systematically create, store, share, and apply knowledge, thereby improving decision-making processes, strengthening collaboration, and achieving strategic objectives. KM serves as a catalyst for managing intellectual assets and transforming them into valuable organizational outcomes, contributing significantly to competitiveness and growth . Despite its growing importance, the implementation of effective KM practices remains a significant challenge across organizations. Various barriers such as cultural resistance, technological limitations, lack of resources, and inadequate organizational support hinder the successful adoption of KM systems. Cultural dimensions, including organizational hierarchy, power distance, and communication patterns, play a crucial role in influencing knowledge-sharing behavior and the overall effectiveness of KM practices. In many cases, rigid organizational structures and resistance to change restrict open communication and limit the free flow of knowledge within organizations . Furthermore, the increasing emphasis on sustainability and digital transformation has highlighted the need for robust and adaptive KM frameworks. Emerging concepts such as Green Knowledge Management (GKM) emphasize the role of KM in achieving environmental, social, and economic sustainability. Organizations are increasingly integrating KM practices with sustainability goals to promote resource efficiency, environmental responsibility, and long-term development. At the same time, advancements in digital technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), data analytics, and information systems, are transforming traditional KM processes by enhancing knowledge creation, storage, and dissemination capabilities . Although significant progress has been made in KM research, several gaps still exist in understanding its application across diverse organizational and industrial contexts. Existing KM frameworks often fail to adequately address cultural and contextual differences, which are critical for successful implementation. Moreover, while KM has been extensively studied in large organizations, its application in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) remains relatively underexplored. SMEs face unique challenges such as limited resources, lack of structured KM systems, and informal management practices, which affect the effectiveness of KM initiatives . In addition, there is a need for more empirical and longitudinal studies to evaluate the long-term impact of KM practices on organizational performance, innovation, and sustainability. Many existing studies are conceptual in nature and lack practical validation across different industries and cultural settings. The integration of KM with emerging technologies and its role in supporting innovation and decision-making processes also require further exploration . This study adopts a literature review-based approach to examine the current landscape of Knowledge Management research, with a focus on its interrelationship with culture, innovation, and sustainability. By synthesizing findings from various studies, the research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of KM practices, identify key challenges and research gaps, and suggest directions for future research. The study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by highlighting the importance of context-specific KM frameworks and the need for integrating technological, cultural, and sustainability dimensions in KM practices.

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to New Brunswick, New Jersey and the third ACM SIGIR Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval (CHIIR 2018). CHIIR, as you may know, has roots in two previously successful communities: The Information Interaction in Context (IIiX) conference and the Human Computer Information Retrieval (HCIR) symposium, which ran from 2006 and 2007 respectively. These meetings were focused on issues that involved Human Information Behavior (HIB), Interactive Information Retrieval (IIR) and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). Those roots, as well as decades of research and development on information seeking and other forms of information interaction, human-centered design, and information retrieval are the backbone of CHIIR. At the same time, this vibrant new community has picked up more scholars and themes as it continues to attract new students and professionals, as well as emerging research topics that are evident in this year's program. In fact, CHIIR is one of the few forums that explicitly supports presentation of bold new ideas through its Perspective Papers category. In addition, we have picked up Demos as a new category for presentations this year. All of these wonderful things could not be possible without a large number of people making significant contributions. We are quite fortunate to have Katriina Byström, Falk Scholer, and Jeff Huang as our Program Chairs this year. These three brave souls took upon a tremendous effort of working with dozens of submissions, reviewers, and meta-reviewers and constructing a high-quality program while coordinating from three different continents. Soo Young Rieh and Preben Hansen, on the other hand dealt with higher than expected load for short papers and still managed to get them reviewed and assessed on time. Even our Doctoral Consortium (DC) this year ended up being quite challenging as we received twice as many submissions as before, but our fine DC chairs Jaceck Gwizdka and Vivek Singh found world-class mentors for these doctoral students. Thanks to our Workshops and Tutorials Chair Xiaojun Yuan, we have a fantastic lineup of tutorials on the first day and workshops on the last day. When the whole program was ready for the conference, it was our Proceedings Chair Roberto Gonzalez-Ibanez who managed to put together these proceedings that you are holding in your hands, or more likely viewing in the ACM Digital Library! We are thankful for having an energetic and resourceful local arrangement committee with Michael Cole as the Treasurer, Fernando Diaz as the Sponsorship Chair, Kaitlin Costello as the Local Organizing Chair, and Sunyoung Kim and Matt Mitsui as the Student Volunteers Chairs. And it was our Publicity Chair Anita Crescenzi, who helped us with not only the outreach efforts, but also with the registration system. Finally, none of these would have happened without the authors and reviewers from more than 30 countries whose contributions are reflected in every aspect of this conference. So, thank you all!

This theoretical essay builds on existing literature to draw out the consequences of dehumanizing and disseminating autism discourses within the field of human-computer interaction (HCI). Focusing mainly on narratives in HCI that frame autistic people as or like machines, we explore how dominant constructions of autism in HCI work to normalize the field’s complicity in violent autism intervention paradigms, despite HCI researchers’ well-meaning intentions. We work towards developing crip-cyborgs as an alternative framework for understanding autistic people (as opposed to computers or robots) and suggest crip technoscience as a framework for research based on this alternative understanding. In doing so, we hope to enroll misguided but well-intentioned researchers in dismantling anti-autistic ableism, both in and beyond HCI.

This research was aimed at studying the current situation of the provincial implementation of integrated knowledge management and the factors promoting and compelling knowledge management processes in the context of provincial integrated administration. The qualitative research method was used, which involved non-participant observation and in-depth interviewing. The 18 informants included the administrators, knowledge management implementers, and those responsible for knowledge management activities in Mahasarakham and Khon Kaen provinces. The Collected data analyzed by grouping and explain. The research results are detailed below: Knowledge, understanding, and application of knowledge management – The majority of the administrators or those involved in knowledge management have the knowledge and are able to explain the principle of knowledge management. They were able to describe that knowledge management is an administrative tool that enables people to learn together and extend their knowledge in personnel potentiality development as well as in the increase of work efficiency. Nevertheless, it was found that the knowledge and understanding of knowledge management of personnel in organizations are still at low level. In spite of the training provided, they are still not able to apply the concept. Knowledge management in organization – Most organizations have appointed a committee or assigned responsible personnel for knowledge management. Three aspects of knowledge management were targeted, namely, work improvement, potentiality improvement for personnel, and driving of organizational strategies. The research result indicates that in practice, most organizations implement knowledge management in order to improve work and personnel’s potentiality. It was found that operational results not being sufficiently concrete. However, what is evident is that the most practiced process is the transfer and exchange of knowledge via conferences, seminars, mentoring, disseminated documents, and exchange of knowledge on the organization’s website. The factors enhance the success of knowledge management implementation were found to include the organization administrator attitude and leadership, personnel knowledge and understanding of knowledge management, the learning culture of organization, organizational communication and information technology, and assistance from academics consultants. คาาสาาคญ : การจดการความร การบรหารงานจงหวดแบบบรณาการ การจดการความรในหนวยงานภาครฐ

<p>This research set out to examine in detail how eight first-time entrepreneurs went about finding out what they felt they needed to know during the first months of their business's operation, and in particular how they constructed their problems or questions in discourse and how they went about addressing them. Based on Brenda Dervin's Sense-Making methodology and work by Pamela McKenzie, the research involved semi-structured interviews in which participants were invited to recount specific instances of problems or questions they had experienced in their business. Data analysis involved close reading of both the interview transcripts and the researcher's notes and observations in order to draw out key themes and enable analysis of the discursive practices respondents used, particularly in privileging some information sources over others. The research found that the respondents experienced questions and problems largely relating to a small number of business issues, principally around the mechanics of setting up a company, deciding what kinds of services to provide and learning about the market environment in which they were operating. Like other studies of the information behaviour of small business owners, the research found that all of the respondents reported acting on information obtained from friends, colleagues or family. Most had consulted professional advisors, and all but one talked of using the Internet as a source of information. Only one respondent had sought assistance from an enterprise agency. The objectives of this research were twofold; to gather information about the actual behaviour of new entrepreneurs, and to test the potential usefulness of the sense-making methodology to an understanding of new business owners' information needs. Both of these objectives were largely met, with the research concluding that Sense-Making offers a valid and useful model with which to investigate the information behaviour of new entrepreneurs.</p>