Sensor bus

Unattended Ground Sensors (UGS) from a wide range of manufacturers have difficulty interoperating with each other and common control and dissemination points. Typically, sensor data is transmitted via RF or wired connections to a central location where the data can be fused together and transmitted further via satellite to a Processing, Exploitation and Dissemination (PED) system. These PED's are charged with analyzing the data to create real time actionable intelligence for the war fighter. However, when several disparate sensors from different manufacturers are used, interoperability problems arise. Therefore, a central UGS controller that accepts data from a wide range of sensors and helps them interoperate is essential. This paper addresses benefits derived from using the Open Geospatial Consortium's (OGC) Sensor Model Language (SensorML) sensor descriptions for an UGS controller. SensorML 1.0 is an approved OGC standard and is one of the major components within the OGC Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) suite of standards. SensorML provides standard models and an XML encoding for describing any process, including the process of measurement by sensors. By incorporating SensorML, an UGS controller can accept data from various sensors from different manufacturers, and interpret that data with the SensorML descriptions to allow the controller to take programmed actions and interoperate between sensors. Furthermore, SensorML can be used to translate the native sensor formats once the original data has been transmitted to the PED. Therefore, this makes a SensorML enabled UGS controller an extremely powerful tool that provides situational awareness by combining multiple sensors to form a single common operational picture (COP).

In recent years, one of the major advances in Earth observation has been the development and realization of the concept of the Earth Observation Sensor Web. This concept has emerged from advances in sensor, communication, and information technologies to meet the demands for timely and pertinent data and information for supporting applications in the societal benefit areas of Earth observation. One consensus view of the sensor web is a coordinated observation infrastructure composed of a distributed collection of resources - e.g., sensors, platforms, models, computing facilities, communications infrastructure - that can collectively behave as a single, autonomous, taskable, dynamically adaptive and reconfigurable observing system that provides raw and processed data, along with associated metadata, via a set of standards-based serviceoriented interfaces.

An iridium communications and navigation module (ICNM) has been developed for movement tracking applications. External interfaces to the ICNM include Ethernet, RS-232, and Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Bus. The module is powered by Power over Ethernet (PoE) or a +24VDC connection. The ICNM fits within the standard PC104 form factor, but utilizes a Modular Component and Sensor Bus (MCSB) interface specification for the high density connector. The ICNM includes a GPS receiver and accelerators for satellite and inertial tracking. The module manages all of the satellite communication control, encryption, and navigation functions that enable its rapid integration as a component into larger systems.

Sensor Bus is an important part of Sensor Web. This paper proposes a distributed real-time sensor event service model based on improved Sensor Bus which uses a plurality of different protocol sensors as information sources. The model constructs a receiver module for each sensor in which each type of sensor has a corresponding agent to be responsible for receiving real-time data measured by the sensor. These data will be packaged into XMPP messages in order to send to XMPP Server. Sensor event service (SES) communicates with XMPP Server via SES Adapter, filter event according the clients subscription request and notify client when the event meets the subscription conditions. We verify the validity and feasibility of the model through the simulation of high temperature monitoring and warning service of sensors using TCP and UDP protocols respectively.

Effective ocean and coastal data management are needed to manage marine ecosystem health. Past ocean and coastal data management systems were often very specific to a particular application and region, but this focused approach often lacks real-time data and sharing/interoperating capability. The challenge for the ocean observing community is to devise standards and practices that enable integration of data from sensors across devices, manufacturers, users, and domains to enable new types of applications and services that facilitate much more comprehensive understanding and analyses of marine ecosystem. A given kind of sensor may be deployed on various platforms such as floats, gliders or moorings, and thus must be integrated with different operation, and data management systems. Simplifying the integration process in existing or newly established observing systems would benefit system operators and is important for the broader application of diverse sensors. This paper describes a geospatial “sensor web” architecture developed by the “NeXOS” project for ocean and coastal data management, based on the concepts of spatial data infrastructure and the Sensor Web Enablement framework of the Open Geospatial Consortium. This approach reduces the effort to propagate data from deployed sensors to users. To support the realization of the proposed Next generation Ocean Sensors (NeXOS) architecture, hardware and software specifications for a Smart Electronic Interface for Sensors and Instruments (SEISI) are described. SEISI specifies small lower-power electronics, minimal operating system, and standards-basedresearch software to enable web-based sharing, discovery, exchange, and processing of sensor observations as well as operation of sensor devices. An experimental scenario is presented in which sensor data from a low-power glider with low-bandwidth intermittent satellite communications is integrated into the geospatial sensor web using the NeXOS architecture.

The COVID-19 pandemic, acceleration of climate change, and geopolitical turmoil have triggered discussions about how public health systems in Europe need to transform to be adequately equipped for the so-called “permacrisis”. The challenges to policy makers, health institutions and health services have become so multifaceted, that single solutions from the health sector alone no longer work. Yet, despite the complexity, countries seek to get its own house in order whilst building on inter-sectoral and European approaches in parallel. Germany, Ireland, and Ukraine have all embarked upon ambitious public health services and institutional reforms, leading to transformative change in public health systems. WHO has been accompanying these reforms. The workshop will provide a platform to draw insights and lessons on transforming public health systems from all three countries, although their population size, their socioeconomic and political situation and their public health system design is so different. As the smallest of the three countries in population, Ireland created coherence and is aligning public health actors within “Healthy Ireland” and the Sláintecaire and the Crowe Horwath public health reforms. Germany’s “Pact for the Public Health Services” has been one of the greatest public health investment programs in Europe that was initiated following lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic. And Ukraine has undertaken important legal steps to adopt a Public Health System Law, in the middle of a war of aggression on its territory. The workshop will exhibit the process of large-scale public health system transformation in each of the three countries. The purpose is to identify the enablers that make large scale system transformation possible and addressing some of the pains and gains. The workshop will have three parts. Part one consists of three presentations on large scale system reforms from each of the participating countries. Part two consists of a moderated Q&A session. Part three will focus on the synthesis of enablers for large scale public health system reforms through interaction with the workshop participants, using a digital white board. Key messages • Disruptive times can create enabling conditions for large scale public health system transformation. • Designing and implementing large scale public health system reforms is complex, requiring passion, resilience, and collaborative leadership.

In this thesis, we present our works on resource management in large scale systems, especially for enterprise cluster and storage systems. Large-scale cluster systems become quite popular among a community of users by offering a variety of resources. Such systems require complex resource management schemes for multi-objective optimizations and should be specific to different system requirements. In addition, burstiness has often been found in enterprise workloads, being a key factor in performance degradation. Therefore, it is an extremely challenging problem of managing heterogeneous resources (e.g., computing, networking and storage) for such a large scale system under bursty conditions while providing performance guarantee and cost efficiency.

In large scale systems IT systems, for the purpose of management, we have what are known as Networked Operations Centers or NOCs. These NOCs are manned by support staff, known as operators. Data in the form of events from various sub-systems in the larger system is sent to the central event console so that the NOC operators can work on problems in the infrastructure before they have a significant impact on the availability and performance of business applications. The challenge for these NOC operators is that of managing the large number of incoming events. In this work, we address the problem of scale by proposing a data mining technique for automatic event correlation for large scale operations management systems.

As sensor networks become more pervasive there emerges a need for interfacing applications to perform common operations and transformations on sensor data. Web Services provide an interoperable and platform independent solution to these needs. A key challenge of using Web Services in this context is how to support ongoing sensor queries that persist over an extended period of time. In this paper we introduce Web Service Resource Framework (WSRF) mechanisms into the core services implementation of the NICTA Open Sensor Web Architecture (NOSA). NOSA is a suite of middleware services for sensor network applications which are built upon the OpenGIS Consortium's Sensor Web Enablement standard. WSRF expands the functionality of our services to handle simultaneous observational queries to heterogeneous Sensor Networks. It facilitates the adoption of a multi-user, multi-threaded service environment. Using components from the Globus Middleware platform, NOSA takes a major step forward to achieving the vision of a Sensor Grid.

An augmented coarse-grained CFD-DEM approach for simulation of fluidized beds

The author of this report has been involved in analyses of possible implementation of Open Geospatial Consortium Sensor Web Enablement services in the 6^TH FP WARMER project. This paper is focused on the possible utilization of that standard for high level data processing, result delivery to the end-user and cooperation between WARMER system components, like satellites, surface measurement stations and data centers. Advantages and disadvantages of SWE services have been presented, and some implementation issues have been discussed.

In this paper, we discuss the problem of stability of Volterra integrodifferential equation (1) $$\dot x = A(t)x + \int_0^t {C(t,s)} x(s)ds$$ with the decomposition (2) $$\begin{gathered} \dot x_i = A_{ii} (t)x_i + \sum\limits_{\mathop {i = 1}\limits_{j \ne i} }^r {A_{ij} (t)x_j + \int_0^t {\left[ {C_{ii} (t,s)x_i (s) + \sum\limits_{\mathop {j = 1}\limits_{j \ne i} }^r {C_{ij} (t,s)x_j (s)} } \right]} ds,} \hfill \\ i = 1,2, \cdot \cdot \cdot ,r, \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ wherex ∈R n,x T=(x 1 T , ...,x r/T),x i ∈R ni and ∑ r n i=n;A(t)=(A ij(t)) in whichA ij(t) (i,j=1, ...,r) is ann i ×n j matrix of functions continuous for 0 ≤t<∞;C(t,s)=(C ij (t,s,)) in whichC ij(t,s)(i,j=1, ...,r) is ann i ×n j matrix of functions continuous for 0≤s≤t<∞. According to the decomposition theory of large scale system and with the help of Liapunov functional, we give a criterion for concluding that the zero solution of (2) (i.e. large scale system (1)) is uniformly asymptotically stable. We also discuss the large scale system (3) $$\dot x = A(t)x + \int_0^t {C(t,s)} x(s)ds + f(t)$$ with the decomposition (4) $$\begin{gathered} \dot x_i = A_{ii} (t)x_i + \sum\limits_{\mathop {i = 1}\limits_{j \ne i} }^r {A_{ij} (t)x_j + \int_0^t {\left[ {C_{ii} (t,s)x_i (s) + \sum\limits_{\mathop {j = 1}\limits_{j \ne i} }^r {C_{ij} (t,s)x_j (s)} } \right]} ds + f_i (t),} \hfill \\ i = 1,2, \cdot \cdot \cdot ,r, \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ and give a criterion for determining that the solutions of (4) (i.e. large scale system (3)) are uniformly bounded and uniformly ultimately bounded. Those criteria are of simple forms, easily checked and applied.

Applying network window schema and a simulated annealing technique to optimal VAR planning in large-scale power systems

The implementation of large-scale renewable energy systems (such as solar and wind) in the GCC is widely growing nowadays, particularly in remote areas generation applications where the grid extension is costly. The integration of renewable energy systems into the existing power grids, especially the hybrid ones like hybrid solar wind systems, not only provide a clean environmentally friendly supply of electricity but also provide a more reliable supply of electricity through the utilization of different energy sources. However, the operating characteristics of such renewable energy systems are strongly influenced by the weather patterns, i.e. intermittent generation, and will therefore impact the operation of the power grid into which they are integrated. Certain amounts of renewable distributed generation can be integrated into the existing grid without affecting its operation; however, the massive introduction of large-scale renewable energy systems into the grid will result into an increased level of risk of overload and over voltage, unacceptable levels of power quality and reliability, together with the possibility of incorrect operation of the protection system. Therefore, significant investments will be needed to enable the existing power grids to accommodate such a large scale of renewable energy systems into it while avoiding such impacts.In this paper, a comprehensive study of the impact of integrating large-scale hybrid renewable energy systems into Qatar's electrical power grid is carried out. The study includes investigating the grid power flow, power quality, efficiency, transient stability, and reliability under both normal and contingency operating conditions. The study aims to give solutions for allowing the increase in large scale hybrid renewable energy systems penetration into Qatar's grid while reducing their influence and maintaining the grid reliability and stability during all operating conditions. The study is performed based on Qatar's grid real-time operating conditions, and takes into account Qatar's climate profile (e.g. Qatar average annual wind speed and solar irradiation) in order to simulate the intermittent output of the integrated hybrid renewable energy system. Moreover, an economic study and an environmental impact study are carried out to evaluate the large-scale integration of hybrid renewable energy systems into Qatar's grid from different aspects. In summary, the carried out studies will show the impact of implementing large-scale hybrid renewable energy systems on the performance of Qatar's power grid, together with its environmental and economic benefits. The real-time implementation will suggest how to introduce the large scale hybrid renewable energy systems gradually into Qatar's grid, and will propose the best scenario for operating both the existing conventional stations and the integrated hybrid systems while balancing their electricity generation with the demand. The real-time implementation utilizes a new smart control and management mechanism that is proposed to allow such a balance between the generation and demand on introducing large-scale hybrid renewable energy systems into Qatar's existing power grid. The outcome of this study will help Qatar in assessing and evaluating the operational, environmental and economic aspects of large scale hybrid renewable energy systems penetration into Qatar's power grid, and will demonstrate the challenges that will face Qatar when integrating such a large capacity into its grid.

This paper presents a new genetic approach for solving the economic dispatch problem in large-scale power systems. A new encoding technique is developed. The chromosome contains only an encoding of the normalized system incremental cost in this encoding technique. Therefore, the total number of bits of chromosome is entirely independent of the number of units. The salient feature makes the proposed genetic approach attractive in large and complex systems which other methodologies may fail to achieve. Moreover, the approach can take network losses, ramp rate limits, and prohibited zone avoidance into account because of genetic algorithm's flexibility. Numerical results on an actual utility system of up to 40 units show that the proposed approach is faster and more robust than the well-known lambda-iteration method in large-scale systems.