Seven cognitive concepts for successful eco-design

Urban Minority Community Safety and its Impact on Physical Activity: The Center for Promoting Health and Health Equity-Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (CPHHE-REACH) Initiative

As population growth continues, sustainable food behaviour is essential to help reduce the anthropogenic modification of natural systems, driven by food production and consumption, resulting in environmental and health burdens and impacts. Nudging, a behavioural concept, has potential implications for tackling these issues, encouraging change in individuals’ intentions and decision-making via indirect proposition and reinforcement; however, lack of empirical evidence for effectiveness and the controversial framework for ethical analysis create challenges. This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of nudging interventions on sustainable food choices, searching five databases to identify the effectiveness of such interventions. Of the 742 identified articles, 14 articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in this review. Overall, the potential of certain nudging interventions for encouraging sustainable food choices were found in strategies that targeted ‘system 1’ thinking (automatic, intuitive and non-conscious, relying on heuristics, mental shortcuts and biases), producing outcomes which were more statistically significant compared to interventions requiring consumer deliberation. Gender, sensory influences, and attractiveness of target dishes were highlighted as pivotal factors in sustainable food choice, hence research that considers these factors in conjunction with nudging interventions is required.

A number of scholars have raised concerns that many social marketers fail to consider the cost of their programs and its related savings. One solution is to use the social return on investment (SROI) framework, which is rooted in the theory of change. To demonstrate its possibilities, a single case study, focusing on a small social enterprise based in the north of England, was used. They apply social marketing (SM) principles to influence positive behavior changes in people living with learning difficulties. The study was limited to their Teens-n-Twenties program, which was designed to support individuals between the ages of 14 and 25 become more independent. The results demonstrate that the program had an SROI valued somewhere between 2.36:1 and 3.88:1 (i.e., for every pound invested, a value of between £2.36 and £3.88 was delivered in social worth). This evaluation was used as evidence of the program’s effectiveness in a continuing funding bid, and the organization was awarded just under £500 K from the United Kingdom’s Big Lottery Fund. The study contributes to the knowledge and practice of SM by presenting a possible solution to the domain’s concerns on how SM can be evaluated.

Assuming that boys are better at math than girls, expecting that Swiss people love to eat chocolate, or inferring that senior citizens are not at ease with new technologies, all reflect stereotypical expectations about specific social categories. The term “stereotype” refers to shared sets of expectancies about the likely personality, behaviors, preferences, or physical features of social category members. From a cognitive perspective, stereotypes are energy saving devices – mental shortcuts – that allow perceivers to spare processing costs when navigating their complex social environment. Yet, inferring people’s preferences, behaviors, or personality from their category membership can also lead to incorrect predictions, to offensive assumptions, or even to discriminatory behaviors. The present dissertation aims to shed light on the mechanisms by which we form expectations about social categories, and how these expectations impact information processing. Specifically, the first part of this dissertation provides a developmental perspective on how children learn about social categories. It specifically examines how children learn to make inferences about social categories, and the conditions under which children start attributing properties to social category members. The second part of this dissertation turns to the resulting stereotypes that adults hold about social categories, and how these stereotypes modulate information processing. This part focuses on the mental processes that underlie stereotyping and assesses how the processing of written texts is affected by items that confirm versus contradict stereotypical expectations. Together, this dissertation provides a cognitive and developmental perspective on the acquisition of stereotypes and their later effects on information processing. In doing so, this dissertation will hopefully bring a better comprehension of the foundational cognitive processes that underlie stereotyping and its consequences.

Assuming that boys are better at math than girls, expecting that Swiss people love to eat chocolate, or inferring that senior citizens are not at ease with new technologies, all reflect stereotypical expectations about specific social categories. The term “stereotype” refers to shared sets of expectancies about the likely personality, behaviors, preferences, or physical features of social category members. From a cognitive perspective, stereotypes are energy saving devices – mental shortcuts – that allow perceivers to spare processing costs when navigating their complex social environment. Yet, inferring people’s preferences, behaviors, or personality from their category membership can also lead to incorrect predictions, to offensive assumptions, or even to discriminatory behaviors. The present dissertation aims to shed light on the mechanisms by which we form expectations about social categories, and how these expectations impact information processing. Specifically, the first part of this dissertation provides a developmental perspective on how children learn about social categories. It specifically examines how children learn to make inferences about social categories, and the conditions under which children start attributing properties to social category members. The second part of this dissertation turns to the resulting stereotypes that adults hold about social categories, and how these stereotypes modulate information processing. This part focuses on the mental processes that underlie stereotyping and assesses how the processing of written texts is affected by items that confirm versus contradict stereotypical expectations. Together, this dissertation provides a cognitive and developmental perspective on the acquisition of stereotypes and their later effects on information processing. In doing so, this dissertation will hopefully bring a better comprehension of the foundational cognitive processes that underlie stereotyping and its consequences.

This study tests the hypothesis that the high sense of personal control enjoyed by adult Americans develops during the transition to adulthood. Analyses use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), which interviewed respondents in 1979 who were between the ages of 14 and 22 and again in 1992 when they were between 27 and 35. Cross-sectional analyses show a positive slope of perceived control with respect to age in the range from 14 through 22. Dropping out of school dampens the increase. It further reduces perceptions of control prospectively, net of control at time 1. Getting pregnant or getting a partner pregnant does notflatten the slope and does not affect later adulthood perceptions of control, except indirectly if it leads to dropping out of school. Adolescent sense of control correlates positively with parental education and the adolescent's cognitive skill, and cognitive skill increases the trajectory for young men but not for young women. Both factors predict more positive changes in the sense of control in the period between adolescence and middle age. A low sense of control at the beginning of the follow-up period does not increase the risk of subsequently dropping out of school, but it does increase the risk of a subsequent nonmarital pregnancy,

Singapore’s aging population is projected to rise to 19% by 2030, and the prevalence of frailty will increase if no countermeasures are implemented. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a multicomponent frailty management initiative, Say No To Frailty (SNTF), based on the perceptions of older adult participants. A qualitative study design was used in this study. One-to-one semi-structured interviews with participants from two community sites were conducted immediately post-intervention. All interviews were audio-recorded with permission, transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed using NVIVO software. Sixteen semi-structured interviews were thematically analyzed and derived with four main themes: (a) a well-structured initiative; (b) self-management strategies learnt; (c) positive behavioral changes leading to a healthier lifestyle; and (d) feedback and recommendations for future improvements. Participants from both centers attributed the positive behavioral modifications that they have acquired to the initiative’s structure and strategies. Furthermore, the majority of the participants provided positive feedback about SNTF regarding goal achievement and eliciting positive behavioral changes. Finally, participants shared valuable suggestions for future implementation. These findings highlight that SNTF promotes positive behavioral changes to reverse frailty. The widespread implementation of multicomponent frailty management initiatives in Singapore is therefore essential to prevent frailty.

Lymphedema is an important morbidity due to its physical and psychological restrictions and financial burden in women having breast cancer surgery. The study was performed to examine effects of Health Belief Model (HBM) based nursing interventions given at home visits on prevention of lymphedema in women having breast surgery. The study had an experimental design. The study included 72 women receiving radiotherapy after breast surgery, of whom 37 formed the intervention group and 35 formed the control group. The sample was based on Consolidated Standard of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). Data were collected with a personal information questionnaire, Quick-Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Score (Q-DASH), European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life for Breast Cancer 23 (EORTC QLQ-BR23), Strategies Used by Patients to Promote Health (SUPPH), Arm Circumference Form at three home visits at 3-month intervals. HBM based nursing interventions regularly offered at home visits were found to create positive changes in behaviour of lymphedema prevention and improve upper extremity functions, reduce side-effects, relieve arm and breast symptoms, enhance the quality of life, increase self-efficacy and lower the frequency of lymphedema and costs. The HBM based nursing interventions regularly offered at home visits can create positive changes in behaviour of lymphedema prevention and prevent lymphedema in women receiving radiotherapy after breast surgery. Considering costs of treatment for lymphedema, these interventions can be considered as cost-effective. Nursing interventions directed towards behaviour of preventing lymphedema and follow-ups in the long-term should be supported by home visits and reminders through phone calls. Nurses should perform HBM based interventions regularly at home visits to prevent lymphedema. These interventions were found to reduce financial burden and were cost-effective.

Background and Aim: Vocational high schools play a crucial role in cultivating technical and skilled talents. However, managing student behavior and fostering a positive learning environment remain significant challenges due to the unique characteristics of vocational students, such as lower academic foundations and weaker self-discipline. Traditional class management methods often fall short in addressing these issues. The 7S management method, originating from industrial management practices, has recently gained attention in educational settings. This study aims to explore the application of the 7S management method in vocational high school class management and its impact on student behavior and class environment. Materials and Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental design, selecting one class from a vocational high school as the experimental group. Data were collected through systematic observation, questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews. The 7S management method was implemented over a semester, during which changes in classroom environment, student behavior, and learning attitudes were monitored. To analyze the collected data, both quantitative and qualitative analysis methods were used. Quantitative data from the questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive statistics to summarize key trends, followed by inferential statistics, such as paired t-tests, to assess significant changes before and after the implementation of the 7S method. Qualitative data from observations and interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis, where recurring themes and patterns were identified and coded. This mixed-methods approach allowed for a comprehensive evaluation of the impact of the 7S method on the class environment and student behavior. Results: The implementation of the 7S management method led to significant improvements in class cleanliness, student organization, and overall classroom discipline. Students reported increased satisfaction with the learning environment and a greater sense of responsibility. Qualitative data from interviews indicated that both teachers and students perceived positive changes in class cohesion and learning atmosphere. Conclusion: The 7S management method is an effective tool for enhancing class management in vocational high schools. It not only improves the physical environment but also fosters positive behavioral changes and a stronger sense of community among students. Future research should focus on long-term effects and broader implementation strategies.

This research explores the effectiveness, costs, and benefits of the Basic Leadership Training Program at SMP Islam Raden Patah. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the study evaluates the program's impact on participants, school staff, and the educational environment. Informants include students enrolled in the program, instructors, and school staff. Data collection techniques involve in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis. Qualitative data analysis employs the reduction, presentation, and conclusion-drawing processes. The research findings indicate the success of the Basic Leadership Training Program (PLDK) at SMP Islam Raden Patah. The effectiveness analysis highlights improvements in students' leadership skills, positive changes in attitudes, and increased knowledge of leadership concepts. Cost evaluation reveals significant investments in instructors, facilities, and human resources, with potential long-term economic impacts. Benefit analysis emphasizes the program's contributions to academic achievements, positive behavioral changes, and the creation of an inclusive school atmosphere. Recommendations for program development and long-term monitoring are outlined as the foundation for sustaining PLDK in the future.

Telemedicine can be useful for managing heart failure (HF), but patient acceptance of telemedicine and its impact on patient behavior are unclear. To assess a telemedicine program in a HF Unit. This sub-analysis of the CARME study assessed the use of an interactive telemedicine platform. This prospective intervention study had a before/after design with HF patients randomized 1:1 into two groups: (A) Motiva system (educational videos, motivational messages, and questionnaires); and (B) Motiva system + telemonitoring of blood pressure, heart rate and weight. Of 211 patients screened, 44 were excluded, 62 did not consent to participate and 8 withdrew consent prior to installation of the system. The final study population included 97 patients. During 1 year of follow-up, 22 patients voluntarily discontinued use of the system, 5 died (three after early discontinuation) and 5 withdrew consent before the last evaluation. A total of 15,017 questionnaires were sent to patients, with a median response rate of 88%. Satisfaction with the system and tools was high (median score 8.4/10), especially with the self-monitoring chart, scale and sphygmomanometer. Positive changes were observed in patient behavior, especially for blood pressure and weight control (p < 0.001). After the study, 65% of the patients wished to continue with telemonitoring, particularly those in group B (p = 0.004). Less than half of our patients participated in the telemedicine study. However, those who completed the study had confidence in the system, a high degree of satisfaction with the tools and positive behavioral changes.

Évaluation des troubles comportementaux hyper- et hypodopaminergiques dans la maladie de Parkinson

P02-276 - The predictors of negative and positive changes following adverse life events

Productivity has been identified by the Singapore government as a key pillar to supports the economic growth. However, improving the labour productivity can prove to be challenging, especially when the local workforce is shrinking. To address this challenge, local companies have to embark on a lean manpower transformation journey. From our experience with more than 200 local companies, it is the company's productivity leadership and leaders behaviours that determine the fate of its lean transformation. In this paper, we present the Leadership Behavioural Standards (LBS), a practical method that focuses on people development to help companies to improve their productivity leadership through leaders' positive behaviour changes. This method is developed based on the lean management philosophy, behavioural science and scientific psychology.

Much of the conceptual and empirical work in environmental psychology has been directly shaped byconstructivism — a metatheoretical framework which views perception as essentially a cognitive process. Two influential constructivist theories are information-processing and Piaget's genetic epistemology. As a consequence of adopting this framework, environmental psychologists have focused their investigations on cognitive processes rather than the environment. However, the role played by cognitive processes in perception is a function of the degree to which phenomenal characteristics of the environment are specified in the information available to the perceiver, and the present emphasis by environmental psychologists on cognitive processes may reflect an underestimate of the richness of this information. J. J. Gibson's ecological analysis of perception postulates that environmental layout and meaning are directly specified in ambient light, and, as a result, his account suggests that the environment is a direct and unmediated determinant of perception and action. Further, he offers a framework which allows for both an objective and psychologically meaningful description of the environment. For these reasons, his perspective has much to offer the environmental psychologist.