Shallow water experiments and results

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Shallow water acoustics has flourished over the past fifty years, but most especially over the last 25 years. After World War II, the Cold War between the USSR and the West focused the emphasis in ocean acoustics on deep, “blue water.” After the Cold War waned in 1990, the emphasis changed to “brown water” coastal acoustics studies. In this paper, we will look at the advances over the past half-century in shallow water acoustics, with emphasis on the experimental results from acoustics, oceanography, marine geology, and marine biology.