Signal flow graph approach to efficient and forward stable DST algorithms

Chapter 1 - Discrete Cosine and Sine Transforms

The paper presents a systematic approach to synthesizing and implementing fast algorithms for computing the DCT of a power-of-two size. The main features of the obtainable algorithms are regularity of their signal flow graphs and low arithmetic complexity. Multiplierless implementation of the algorithms is based on the algebraic integer (AI) technique. A general AI encoding scheme for fast DCT algorithms is presented. The approach is demonstrated by using it to derive an AI-based low-error fast implementation of the 16-point DCT.

In spite of the recent advances in telecommunication standards, communication networks still have limited bandwidths and storage capacity. Therefore, video compression has drawn increasing importance since high-resolution video contents have become more and more used in various fields. These requirements raise the need for high-performance video-compression technologies able to reduce the amount of data to be transmitted or stored by compressing the input video signal into a bitstream file. Improving the coding efficiency was always one of the crucial issues of various compression standards that aim to get the most compact representation of the reconstructed video, with a high subjective quality. The high-efficiency video coding (HEVC) comes to respond to these requirements. However, the increased consumption of high-quality multimedia content has pushed the international communication companies to put much effort to better enhance video-coding techniques. In this perspective, an upcoming video-coding standard to be known as versatile video coding (VVC) has emerged aiming to improve the coding efficiency of the current HEVC codec. Improvements on rate distortion (RD) performance that came with both HEVC and VVC have brought an increased complexity in the majority of the coding modules, which makes it difficult to implement on hardware systems with real-time encoding. This chapter focuses on the transform coding stage as one of the most computationally demanding modules. For HEVC, efficient approximation algorithms in addition to reconfigurable and scalable architecture have been developed in order to decrease the computational complexity of the transform module. The main objectives are to meet low power and real-time processing constraints while maintaining a compression gain and a satisfying video quality. Field programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation results and comparisons with existing works confirm the efficiency of the proposed approximations since they contribute in reducing time and power consumption, optimizing the hardware resources and bringing peak signal-to noise ratio (PSNR) improvement as well. Similarly, for the adaptive multiple transform (AMT) introduced in the transform module of the VVC, approximations were done for discrete cosine transform (DCT)-II and discrete sine transform (DST)-VII transforms since they are statistically the most used ones among the five predefined types. Bitrate (BR) reduction with a slightly degradation of video quality and a less use of hardware resources are the main contributions of the proposed approximations.

Features in the design of a graphical man-machine interface for pre-processing the inputs to computer-aided control system design software are described in this paper. The primary objective is to allow the control engineer to communicate with a modem graphics workstation in a natural, familiar and friendly way, by means of block diagrams, signal flow graphs and standard mathematical text. Graphical methods for the input and output of these are described. Transformations between different system descriptions are considered which allow all algebraic manipulations and reductions to be performed on signal flow graphs. For these manipulations, rule-based methods are shown to be effective. The possibility of using symbolic computation languages for algebraic operations is also considered.

Guest Editorial

Systems engineering is a transdisciplinary scientific and applied direction that combines the principles of a systems approach, methods, tools and standards that provide an integrated methodology and relevant technologies for the design and development of complex systems, their comprehensive analysis and verification, efficient and safe use. The modern approach to systems engineering is characterized by an accentuated modeling of systems throughout their life cycle with the ultimate goal of creating their digital twins. It is called model-based systems engineering (MBSE). Consistent integration of MBSE with software engineering leads to the formation of the MBSSE (Model-Based Systems and Software Engineering) direction. This textbook is devoted to this area, the main objective of which is to study the conceptual and scientific-methodological foundations of MBSE and MBSSE, models and methods of life cycle management of systems and software, basic standards of systems engineering, study and mastery of the UML and SysML systems modeling languages and the corresponding modeling tools, study of requirements engineering methods and development of a description of the system architecture, familiarization with the concept of digital twins and their role in MBSE, study of the MBSSE reference model and its relationship with the process standards of systems engineering, study of the methodological aspects of the system and software integration process. The final chapter of the textbook is devoted to the study of the mathematical foundations of systems engineering. The main aspects of the mathematical theory of systems by A. Wayne Wymore, which became an important stimulus for the development of the model-oriented approach in systems engineering, and modern research, including the apparatus of finite automata by David Harel, the formalism of modeling of discrete systems DEVS, research into category theory as a formal mathematical basis for model-based system design are considered. The authors recommend this course as a basic course for training IT professionals.

Welcome to the special issue on selected papers from the ELECO-2013 Conference!, the 8th International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering, held 28–30 November 2013, in Bursa-Turkey. ELECO conferences go back to 1986, when it was initially organized as national ELMEKSEM Electromechanical Conference by the Chamber of Electrical Engineers (EMO) Bursa Branch and upon that success repeated in 1988 and 1993 and 1997. The Bursa Branch has further gone on to organize a series of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Conferences in Bursa. ELECO conferences are organized at international level in odd numbered years and as national conferences in even numbered years, such as ELECO’2013 is the eight international conference which participants coming from various countries, presenting papers from the wide spectrum of electrical and electronics engineering. ELECO 2013 is jointly organized by Uludag University, Bursa; Istanbul Technical University (ITU), Istanbul and the Chamber of Turkish Electrical Engineers (EMO) Bursa Branch. The IEEE Region 8, IEEE Circuits and Systems (CAS) Turkey section and The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey are co-sponsors of ELECO 2013. Taking the broad scope of the technical program, it is probably the largest electrical and electronics engineering conference ever held in Turkey. The scope of the conference covers topics ranging over electric power systems, electrical machines and drives, power electronics, high voltage techniques, electrical materials, electronics, circuits and systems, signal processing, electromagnetics, antennas and propagation, microwave theory, communication systems, mechatronics, control theory, control applications, automation systems, robotics and intelligent control systems. Two hundred and thirty five papers have been submitted for presentation and 138 papers have been accepted. If we look at the contributions with respect to geographical point of view, it is seen that ELECO 2013 contributions are coming from 17 different countries. Selected papers from previous international ELECO Conferences were invited to be published in extended form in special ELECO issues of international journals, under peer review. Three special ELECO issues appeared in the journal Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing containing selected papers from ELECO’2001, ELECO’2007 and ELECO’2011. Furthermore, four special ELECO issues appeared in the journal TJEECS: Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences where selected papers from ELECO’2003, ELECO’2005, ELECO’2007, and ELECO’2009 were published in extended form, respectively. This special issue on selected papers from ELECO’2013 contains extended versions of 12 papers presented at the conference, chosen among 19 recipients of the call for the papers for the special issue. All papers had to undergo the usual ALOG review process before they were finally accepted for this special issue. One of these papers is selected from invited talks given by world-known scientists during the conference. Six papers are selected from the papers presented in Special Session on Advances and New Design Possibilities for Analog Signal Processing. The other five are chosen from regular submitted manuscripts. H. H. Kuntman (&) S. Ozoguz O. Cicekoglu Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey e-mail: kuntman@itu.edu.tr

Telemail, an electronic mail system for the Univac 1110, was designed and implemented by the Academic Computer Center at the University of Wisconsin with support from Edunet. At present, there are approximately two hundred users including several organized groups: Educom staff and university liasons; Theory-Net researchers in theoretical computer science; a USDA sponsored research project; and a group of experts on mental retardation services/materials/literature. Most participants in the above groups access Telemail via Telenet, a commercial packet switching network. In addition, the system is used by computer center staff and researchers at the university.The Theory-Net project, sponsored by NSF, involves the use of Telemail by a group of about thirty researchers in theoretical computer science at fifteen universities. The goal is to assess the value of an electronic mail system in facilitating interaction (and thereby research productivity) in a small research community. To date a number of Joint research projects have made use of the system. In addition, the 1978 Sigact Symposium Program Committee communicated via Telemail, The next phase of the project involves a substantial increase in the number of participants. Individuals from small schools having only one or two researchers in theoretical computer science will be given high priority.

Guest Editorial: Situational awareness of integrated energy systems

About the Authors

The education of students in the area of telecommunications systems engineering is of rising significance as global economies become ever more reliant upon telecommunications technologies and services. Notwithstanding its broad-based origins from within electrical engineering, the study of telecommunications systems is today recognized as an academic discipline in its own right. The University of Oklahoma (OU) - Tulsa is one of a select few that offers a Master of Science degree in Telecommunications Systems under the aegis of the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering. The degree has been designed with a common set of core courses: Telecommunications Industry Overview, Telecommunications Technology, Network Design and Management, Telecommunications Laboratory, and Professional Project. In addition, students may choose technical electives from among electrical and computer engineering, computer science, mathematics, and telecommunications systems courses. Students may also choose up to six credit hours of approved elective courses in relevant disciplines such as finance, telecommunications management, economics, and industrial engineering. A key resource supporting the program is the Telecommunications Interoperability Laboratory 1 , a facility designed to provide students with unmatched access to carrier-grade telecommunications technologies. Students entering the program are expected to have undergraduate preparation in electrical and computer engineering. This paper describes the curriculum and program goals, as well as the motivation behind their development.

Far from being separate entities, many social and engineering systems can be considered as complex network systems (CNSs) associated with closely linked interactions with neighbouring entities such as the Internet and power grids. Roughly speaking, a CNS refers to a networking system consisting of lots of interactional individuals, exhibiting fascinating collective behaviour that cannot always be anticipated from the inherent properties of the individuals themselves. As one of the most fundamental examples of cooperative behaviour, consensus within CNSs (or the synchronization of complex networks) has gained considerable attention from various fields of research, including systems science, control theory and electrical engineering. This book mainly studies consensus of CNSs with dynamics topologies - unlike most existing books that have focused on consensus control and analysis for CNSs under a fixed topology. As most practical networks have limited communication ability, switching graphs can be used to characterize real-world communication topologies, leading to a wider range of practical applications. This book provides some novel multiple Lyapunov functions (MLFs), good candidates for analysing the consensus of CNSs with directed switching topologies, while each chapter provides detailed theoretical analyses according to the stability theory of switched systems. Moreover, numerical simulations are provided to validate the theoretical results. Both professional researchers and laypeople will benefit from this book.

Coupling Of Synthesis And Layout: Challenges And Solutions

Contributors

Preface The curricular project of Technology in Electricity and Electrical Engineering by cycles of the Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas (Colombia) celebrates every two years its international conference. Unlike previous editions, during 2021 the Universidad Distrital has its facilities closed, and with restricted access, as a preventive measure to avoid the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Probably in two years, for CITIE 2023, the conference will return to its usual physical space in Aduanilla de Paiba, our flagship library. However, for this fourth version of CITIE, we opted for a distance event, organized entirely by videoconference, an experiment that, although not a feature mastered by our community, was a success.The fourth International Conference on Technology and Electrical Engineering (CITIE 2021) was held on November 11-12, 2021. This event was attended by researchers from the electrical area with papers mainly focused on electronic instrumentation, control, power systems, and electromagnetic compatibility. From the talks and presentations, it was evident that our research community remains active and produces cutting-edge research despite the conditions of restriction and social unrest typical of our political and socio-economic circumstances, strongly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.A total of 11 papers were submitted to CITIE 2021, of which 10 were approved by the jurors (conference committee members and international reviewers) in a double-blind evaluation process. The conference was held entirely online over two days, which included the test session, three 50-minute keynote speeches, and three author presentation sessions. The research papers were separated into three thematic sessions, Instrumentation and Control, Power Systems, and Electronic Compatibility. These papers were each given 20 minutes of presentation time, including five minutes for questions. The entire conference was broadcast live on the event’s YouTube channel, registering an average of 600 daily visits.I would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge the hard work of the entire CITIE 2021 committee. Their advice and support were fundamental to preparing for the conference. I would also like to thank the students of the Electrical Technology program who supported the videoconference platform and the live transmission. Likewise, a special thanks to the speakers and authors for considering CITIE 2021 as a means of dissemination of their researchers, and to the invited researchers, whose talks and discussions allowed to leave on the carpet countless ideas for further discussion and development of impact research.The three previous versions of CITIE allowed the development of activities such as business shows, workshops, and a degree of interaction that was not achieved in CITIE 2021. The face-to-face conferences allow a level of direct communication with authors and researchers that is difficult to replicate on a distance platform. Even so, CITIE continues to maintain its spirit of dissemination of research and innovation, as well as its function of identifying and promoting areas of research in the field of electrical energy. We are confident that this version of the event has provided a great experience for all attendees, increased interest in the research fields discussed, as well as renewed expectations for the CITIE 2023 meeting.Best regardsProf. Fredy Martínez, Ph.DCITIE 2021Universidad Distrital Francisco José de CaldasList of Committees are available in this pdf.