Simple routing algorithm with link discovery between source and destination hosts in SDN networks

Network management is challenging. To operate, maintain, and secure a communication network, network operators must grapple with low-level vendor-specific configuration to implement complex high-level network policies. Despite many previous proposals to make networks easier to manage, many solutions to network management problems amount to stop-gap solutions because of the difficulty of changing the underlying infrastructure. The rigidity of the underlying infrastructure presents few possibilities for innovation or improvement, since network devices have generally been closed, proprietary, and vertically integrated. A new paradigm in networking, software defined networking (SDN), advocates separating the data plane and the control plane, making network switches in the data plane simple packet forwarding devices and leaving a logically centralized software program to control the behavior of the entire network. SDN introduces new possibilities for network management and configuration methods. In this article, we identify problems with the current state-of-the-art network configuration and management mechanisms and introduce mechanisms to improve various aspects of network management. We focus on three problems in network management: enabling frequent changes to network conditions and state, providing support for network configuration in a highlevel language, and providing better visibility and control over tasks for performing network diagnosis and troubleshooting. The technologies we describe enable network operators to implement a wide range of network policies in a high-level policy language and easily determine sources of performance problems. In addition to the systems themselves, we describe various prototype deployments in campus and home networks that demonstrate how SDN can improve common network management tasks.

A Mobile Agent (MA), when dispatched in a decentralized peer-to-peer (P2P) electronic community, is forced to do a transaction with unfamiliar hosts. Such unfamiliar hosts are malicious in nature and can tamper agent’s code, state, and data. To solve integrity, confidentiality, availability, and authenticity threats from hosts, this paper proposes a soft security approach. Under this approach, a trust-based reputation model called MRep is proposed. The model considers first-hand information called Direct Reputation (DR) obtained from trust gathered through Source Host (SH). The model assumes SH to be a pre-trusted host that possesses past transaction experience from the destination host. The destination host (DH) is the target host with which the agent wishes to do a transaction in the future. Indirect Reputation (IDR) is obtained from recommenders having a past transactional history with the DH. A collusion attack takes place when these recommenders collaborate to give false recommendations about DH. Ballot Stuff and Bad Mouth collusion occur when recommenders collude to give a positive and negative rating to dishonest and honest DH, respectively. The methodology is based on Similarity Filtering (SF) that uses Euclidean Distance (ED) and single linkage clustering techniques. ED is calculated between consecutive recommender’s past recommendation value called ‘F-Score’ and recommendation value given by SH for DH. Clustering merges recommenders into two clusters. Scatter plots give two clusters. One cluster contains recommenders that gave an exceptionally high or low rating to DH while the other cluster gave a rating close to the rating given by SH. Bernoulli's trial helps to know the effect of collusion on the Final Reputation (FR) of DH when the number of colluders increases and decreases in the system. The reputation errors are calculated and statistically verified using Binomial Probability Distribution. Validation graphs show that when the chance of collusion (p) is less than 0.5, the probability of reputation error p(x) decreases with an increase in the number of colluders(x). When p is equal to 0.5, p(x) first increases and then decreases with an increase in x and when p is greater than 0.5, p(x) increases with an increase in the number of colluders(x). We compare SF with Bayesian Filtering (BF), Outlier Filtering (OF), and No Filtering (NF) when 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% collusion arises in the system. The proposed SF approach helps filter ballot stuff colluders. MRep gives less error in FR of DH, even when 80% collusion arises in the system.

This paper presents in the area of software defined networking. Our aim is to identify limitations of current networking technologies and how software-defined networks (SDN) could reduce cost, and improve the performance of campus Networks for their network management. We pursue to identify solutions in this paper to enable possible customers to assess that SDN may be preferable over Current network and also SDN introduces new options and configuration methods. In this paper, we identify problems with the current state of the art network configuration and management mechanisms and introduce new mechanisms to improve various aspects of network management. The technologies we describe enable network operators to implement a wide range of network policies in a high-level policy language and easily determine sources of performance problems. In addition to the systems themselves. Here we refer a various prototype arrangements in campus networks that demonstrate how SDN can improve common network management tasks. In addition to that, we explains therotically that, how SDN can improve the network management performance in network.

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) has been proposed as a promising way for its centralized network control and management. However, the latest SDN research focuses on smaller network environments such as data centers and enterprises, which easily lead to single point of failure and unbalanced network load in large-scale network environments. One effective way to solve this problem is to establish a standardized mechanism between network entities such as data centers, enterprises and Internet service providers (ISPs). In this paper, we propose WECAN, an efficient West-East Control Associated Network for enabling communication between different SDN entities. WECAN has three complementary modules: Network Information Collection (NIC) module, Cross-domain Management (CDM) module and Controller Selection Management(CSM) module. NIC collects network information from a different set of controllers and generates a domain-wide network view. CDM collects domain information from other domains to generate a global network view. Base on the domain-wide network view and global network view, CSM selects the most efficient controller for each network flow in the network. To test WECAN, we develop a prototype system. Our experimental results show that WECAN can effectively control network entities to communicate, and WECAN has greatly improved network latency, network throughput and network reliability compared to a single controller-controlled network. Moreover, WECAN is very easy to use.

In distributed SDN, each controller builds the “global network view” by obtaining missing pieces of global network view from other controllers. All SDN controllers need to maintain consistent view of global network in order to make a correct routing decision. An inconsistent global network view may result in incorrect routing decision a switch. In order to achieve correct routing decision while keeping low latency and high throughput of controller, we need to avoid inter-controller communication overhead at the time of flow setup. In order to do so, we need to make an assignment of switches to controllers such that routing decision on each flow can be made by as small number of controllers as possible. In order to achieve such assignment of switches to controllers, we propose a controller placement model based on traffic locality. We identify a cluster of switches such that fair amount of traffic flow remains inside the cluster and assign the switches belonging to the cluster to the same controller. Thereby the inconsistency between controllers has less impact on the accuracy of controllers routing decision for the traffic flow because the controller is like to have all necessary information on the network resource to calculate the route for the traffic flow. In order to make such clusters of switches, we employ Infinite Relational Model (IRM), a nonparametric Bayesian model that discovers relational structure in data sets as a set of clusters. Simulation results show that our proposed method reduces the inconsistent probability that controllers need to update a global network view.

The growth of mobile network scale has brought about the outbreak of mobile traffic, and the rapid growth of mobile traffic has brought challenges to network management and optimization. Effective network management and optimization require correct network parameters, so traffic measurement is very important for network management and optimization. In SDN networks, the adaptive flow measurement method is sometimes used according to the measurement requirements because the network overhead of traffic measurement is often proportional to the accuracy, and the bandwidth resources are tense. This paper mainly focus the research on adaptive flow measurement for VBR video flow. We analyze the influence of video scene switching on the throughput of VBR video flows, and propose an adaptive flow measurement method(SW-ARIMA) for VBR video flow. SW-ARIMA can be adaptive to adjust polling for the video scene switching, and the unmeasured point caused by adjusting polling could be interpolated based on ARIMA model in time. Finally, we evaluate the accuracy and overhead of SW-ARIMA with mininet, and the result present that SW-ARIMA is more accurate than the existing adaptive SDN traffic measurement methods, such as Payless, SWT and AdaRate, and has less overhead than polling on fixed period.

Supplying a network management view of your network is an excellent way to keep members of the network community informed on the status of your network. To demonstrate this, network management Web server (NMWS) software was developed to take images from Hewlett Packard's Open View (HPOV) network management software (NMS) and make them accessible via the World Wide Web. An NMS console from the operational database is started and displayed on a remote proxy management station dedicated to the NMWS software. The NMWS software determines what views of the network are displayed on its X window server and those windows are captured and saved as GIF files that are incorporated into HTML Web documents. The documents use HTML and HTTP techniques to provide timely and efficient client access to the NMS views. Since the interface between HPOV and the NMWS is X windows, this method could easily be adapted to other NMS platforms. Potential users of the NMWS software include ISP network operations centers (NOC) as well as Enterprise NOCs. These sites could use the software to provide a network management view to the network community in general. Techniques are also available to implement a restricted access policy.

The electric power transmission network management is changing from decentralized to province-centralized mode to adapt to the development trend of power grid. For the current hierarchical management situation of transmission system, the paper mainly studies the centralized mode. Considering the difficulty of transform, security, the demand of bandwidth and augmentability factors, the paper proposes a hierarchical province-centralized mode based on Resource pool and states its architecture, realization methods and deployment mode of Network Manager System in Cloud, realizing the unified management, configuration and data sharing of the whole province. Deploying the network management system in the Clout is taking full use of the resource sharing, efficient management and on-demand resource of the Cloud to realize the intensification, promoting the scheduling intensive management level of Information and transmission. Introduction For a long time, the layered, graded, zoned management mode of electric power communication networks makes the network management system built and maintained by the way of multi-level scheduling mechanism. In order to fulfill the development trend of power grid, power transmission network management should be developed from the provinces and cities separated pattern to the province-centralized mode to realize unified management, unified configuration and sharing of the communication network data within province and achieve the purpose of concentrate and highly active management, reasonable resource-configuration and optimizing the structure of the network resources. Deploying the communication network management centrally is an effective way to enhance the level of intensive management, which, whereas, will cause the load that systems deal with increase sharply. However, Cloud computing technology integrates resources into form Cloud in order to get higher utilization of computing and storage, having a strong computing power and storage capacity. With the development of Cloud construction, deploying communication network management in the pool can improve data reliability and security. This paper puts forward a hierarchical province-centralized mode based on Cloud by researching on concentrated-model of Transmission Network Management, and describes the model in detail. Discussed Problems Power system communication network is the important technology support and infrastructure platform of the grid. As an important guarantee of power grid security, stability and economic running, communication network management system is the important technology means of the communication network management and maintenance. International Power, Electronics and Materials Engineering Conference (IPEMEC 2015) © 2015. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 596 Communication network management system At present, the general transmission network management system is divided into Element Management System(EMS), Subnet Management System(SNMS) and Network Management (NMS) in terms of the management level. EMS is based on the device manager and realizes the management of safety, configuration, performance and alarm for specific equipment; SNMS can divide the network elements into various subnets, not only manage the elements equipments but also the topological relation between them. NMS is a higher level than the SNMS and manage multiple SNMS systems at the same time through network. It configures the router for each business level, and also shows the network elements’ circumstances of each time slot and the business relationships at all levels in details. The relationship of different level network management system is showed as the figure 1.

Equal Cost Multipath Routing (ECMP) is a routing application where all available paths between two nodes is utilized by statically mapping each path to possible traffics between source and destination hosts in a network. This configuration can lead to congestion if there are two or more traffics being transmitted into paths with overlapping links, despite the availability of less busy paths. Software Defined Networking (SDN) has the ability to increase the dynamicity of ECMP by allowing controller to monitor available bandwidths of all links in the network in real-time. The measured bandwidth is then implemented as the basis of the calculation to determine which path a traffic will take. In this research, a SDN-based ECMP application that can prevent network congestion is made by measuring available bandwidth of each available paths beforehand, thus making different traffics transmitted on non-overlapped paths as much as possible. The proposed scheme increased the throughput by 14.21% and decreased the delay by 99% in comparison to standard ECMP when congestion occurs and has 75.2% lower load standard deviation in comparison to round robin load balancer.

The MITRE Corporation in support of the Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) has developed a proxy agent functionality that allows DISA's major customers to have a network management status view of the DISA's IP router-based networks. The network management proxy agent, which operates at the element management level of the router network management hierarchy, has been developed using the World Wide Web (WWW) technology. To provide this functionality, MITRE has developed a network management Web server (NMWS) software that takes information from DISA's network management system (NMS), namely Hewlett Packard's Open View (HPOV) software and publishes it on the Web. This software, which is a collection of Perl scripts that run on a dedicated NMWS host, takes X windows screens from HPOV, converts them to GDF files, and publishes them on a Web server. In addition, the NMWS software provides a non-graphical form-based interface to the HPOV database to provide a near real-time status of circuits that are identified by their IP addresses or customer circuit service descriptor (CCSDs) to DISA's customers. The NMWS software was developed and operates on Solaris 2.5 with an X11R5 distribution. Network users access the NMWS host via their Web browser and are presented with (1) a list of available views, which is the same as the views on the screen of the NMWS host at the time of the last NMWS invocation, and (2) a form, which may be used to provide access circuit status using the text file of the Open View database. They can pull down a view via the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and with most browsers this view will automatically update. This paper discusses the results of our testing and experimentation, and our lessons learned and recommendations for using a Web-based approach for network management of large networks.

The separation of the control plane and the network data plane from the network defined by the software is making it easier for network management. As a result, SDN can be used in a variety of network settings, including network hiring networks. However, the construction of the novel network raises new security issues. Dedicated Shared Denial (DDoS) is easy to distribute and hard to protect on standard networks; on SDN networks, it can bypass the central controllers and bring the entire network down. Cloud computing has emerged as a modern and exciting computer space over the past decade, providing an affordable and awesome computer space. SDN technology combined with cloud computing highlights the challenges of cloud communication and enhances cloud adaptability, configuration, intelligence, and extreme density. Sensitive features of SDN, such as global network coverage, software-based traffic analysis, integrated network management, etc., greatly enhance the acquisition of DDoS cloud capabilities and scalability capabilities. In this study, a major effort was made to compare the various solutions currently available for programs to reduce DDoS attacks in cloud environments using SDN and provided performance tests such as detection rate, recovery time and False positive Rate.

Computer networks covered the entire world and a serious and new development has not formed for many years. But companies and consumer organizations complain about the failure to add new features to their networks and according to their need, like much of the works to be done automatically and they also like to develop and expand their networks on the software side so they do not need new expensive hardware for many of the activities and needs of their network. Analysis of the control layers and writing data in Software-Defined Network facilitate network management and accelerate innovation in network. In order to develop broad networks of SDN, often a large number controller is needed and located position of controllers in the SDN networks and can be raised as an important and basic issue in the field of SDN network and have impact on reliability of SDN networks. This paper focused on latency and reliability in SDN networks. The latency here means the delay in response to the request of data path that has a significant impact on network latency. In this paper it is shown that the number of controllers and their position can be effective on two measures; reliability and latency in SDN networks.

Under the globalized and fiercely competitive external environment, manufacturers have to enhance the organizational learning capability to cope with the challenge of Environmental Education. In addition to developing and cultivating the knowledge management capability, manufacturers have to co-develop, share, and spread relevant knowledge among different bodies in the external network. The theoretical relationship among manufacturers’ knowledge management in global manufacturing network, knowledge management in supply chain network, and organizational learning capability is proposed in this study, and the moderation effect of Environmental Education is further discussed. Based on 2013 International Manufacturing Strategy Survey VI (IMSS VI) of 463 manufacturers in 22 countries and regions. The empirical research results are concluded as below. (1) Manufacturers’ knowledge management in global manufacturing network and knowledge management in supply chain network present remarkably positive effects on the organizational learning capability. (2) Manufacturers’ knowledge management in supply chain network shows mediation effects on the relationship between knowledge management in global manufacturing network and organizational learning capability. (3) Environmental Education reveals notable moderation effects on the relationship between manufacturers’ knowledge management in supply chain network and organizational learning capability.

Software-defined network offers a programmable networking environment that redefines the management of conventional networking and can provide potential solutions for their well-known challenges. In SDN circumstances, energy becomes a major threatening factor that affects both the reliability of the network and the sustainability of its connections. Energy depletion in SDN is still a major concern considering the ever-changing network constraints and rapid growth in the number of networking devices. This research article introduces a novel energy-efficient branch-and-bound optimization (EE-BBO) algorithm, designed for large-scale software-defined networks to overcome the challenges faced by existing approaches. The objective of the EE-BBO algorithm is to minimize the energy consumption across the SDN networks and improve the network performance. The proposed algorithm computes the lower bounds for prioritizing nodes, classifies them based on their probable, and intelligently forwards packets to choose the most energy-efficient route. The algorithm is implemented on Mininet, using Floodlight as the SDN controller and OpenFlow as the communication protocol. The results of simulations showed that the proposed EE-BBO algorithm outperforms the current benchmarked methods in terms of energy consumption by 9-19%, packet loss by 15-28%, and enhancing network lifetime by 14-25%.

The authors expand on their experience in a practical network management system by using the simple network management protocol (SNMP) in the context of a large-scale open systems interconnection (OSI)-based campus-network. Various aspects of network management are examined and the importance of time is shown. The network management infrastructure comprises intelligent, time-synchronized agents and expert managers. Agents are deployed to collect information about the network segments to which they are attached. The expert manager talks to the agents and gathers relevant network information which is used in conjunction with a network knowledge base, to reconstruct the overall network traffic characteristic, to evaluate the status of the network and to take/suggest some action. The model allows some global control, monitoring and management without installing agents on all elements connected to the network. The use of time labels and narrow time windows enables the manager to obtain a reasonably accurate picture of the network status. The introduction of composite time-labeled objects reduces the burden of management traffic on the network. >