Simulation of Square Ring Microstrip Patch Antenna Performance Based on Effects of Various Dielectric Substrates

This paper designs, simulates, and analyzes the S-band microstrip patch antenna (MPA) for wireless applications. FR-4 (lossy) and Rogger RT/duroid, whose dielectric permittivity is 4.3 and 2.2, respectively, have been used as substrate materials. Simulation is done by computer simulation technology (CST) suite studio 2019 software. Simulations with FR-4 material showed that the return loss was -20.405 dB, the gain was 2.592 dB, the directivity was 7.47 dBi, the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) was 1.221, the bandwidth (BW) was 0.0746 GHz, and the efficiency was 34.69%. Also, Rogers RT/duroid material gives results of a return loss of -12.542 dB, a bandwidth (BW) of 0.0349 GHz, a gain of 8.092 dB, a directivity of 8.587 dBi, and an efficiency of 94.24%. The main goal of this antenna is to have a low return loss while getting as close as possible to a VSWR of 1. This will improve the antenna's gain, directivity, and efficiency compared to other antennas. Copper was used to make the patch and the ground, which were 0.35 mm and 0.0077 mm thick, respectively. The results obtained from the proposed antenna were better than those previously published in various in modern scientific journal and conference papers.

Graphene based array antennas are becoming more popular for wireless applications due to their ultra slim structure, versatile nature, flexibility, robustness and other advantages as compared to conventional patch antennas. Small size and high gain coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed single element microstrip patch antenna (MPA), 16 elements array antenna and 32 elements array antenna for millimeter wave applications are presented in this paper. The proposed antenna configurations have been designed and simulated using computer simulation technology (CST). Kapton is used as the dielectric substrate having dielectric constant of 3.5 and thickness of 0.075 mm. Graphene is used in the radiating patch as well as ground plane of the antennas whose electrical conductivity is of 1.4286 × 106 S/m2. The thickness of patch and ground plane are of 0.025 mm and 0.05 mm respectively. Each single element antenna has dimension of 1.75×1.5×0.075 mm3 and each array configuration consist of corresponding number of same dimensional single elements. The results of all the proposed antenna configurations have been analyzed in terms of return loss, bandwidth, gain, VSWR and radiation efficiency. Among all the proposed antennas and analyzed feeding methods, the grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) feed 32 elements array antenna shows the best performance.

This paper proposes a compact 6-element (2x3) micro-strip patch antenna array with inset feed, which is designed to work at a resonant frequency of 30 GHz. The antenna design simulation is done using Ansoft HFSS software. RT/duroid5880 with relative permittivity, ‘e r ’ equal to 2.2 and loss tangent, tan δ = 0.0009 is used as the substrate material. The performance of 2x3 array antenna is found to be superior to the single patch antenna. The array configuration provided a return loss (S 11 ) of -26.52 dB at the resonant frequency, also the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) and the gain (G) obtained are 1.09 and 8.88 dB respectively. The simulation results match well with the design requirements.

A Multi slot dual band with an ultra-wide band ‘T’ and ‘G’ slots shaped Micro-strip UWB Patch Antenna proposed has been discussed in this paper. The sizes of length & widths of the uwb-patch has been chosen and varied in such a manner that it occupies compact volume of 32 × 28 × 1.7 (1523 mm3) and it is designed on a substrate FR4-epoxy having a dielectric constant of er = 4.4. The antenna is capable to operate in dual band with second band being a wide band ranging from 3.59 GHz to 10 GHz. The first band operates in 2.32 GHz–2.48 GHz range and is obtained by slot size variations in the ‘TG’ slot geometry. The advantages of the proposed ‘T’ and ‘G’ shaped slots design is that of the two band obtained, one ultra-wide band frequency range of operation can be achieved without the slots size variations using the same specifications or dimensions thus overcoming the need for extra enhancement of the surface area while designing the antenna. TG shaped Antenna is covering applications from ISM 2.4 WLAN Band, LTE band No 40 and wide band wireless applications in 5.2/5.8 GHz ISM WLAN, Radio altimeters (4.2 GHz) and Wimax (3.5/5.55 GHz). Direct probe feeding method using a 50 Ω micro-strip line has been used with the width 3 mm for the micro-strip line. The Coupling between the two slots plays a better role for obtaining the wider bandwidth. The analysis of the parameters such as directivity, bandwidth, return loss (dB), gain and VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) of the Microstrip patch antenna with ‘T’ & ‘G’ slot has been performed using HFSS v15 [24] tool. The obtained return losses (RL) and the radiations patterns are found to be suitable for the LTE operations and moderately omnidirectional in nature. With the variation in the length (L) and width (W) in the ‘T’ & ‘G’ slots shaped geometry, the performance of uwb patch antenna has been studied with the comparisons of the simulated results in this paper.

Electromagnetic metamaterial is an artificial material that is made up of different types of structural designs on dielectric substrates. In this paper a broad and elite investigation is being carried out by designing and simulating a metamaterial cell comprising a square split ring resonator with a copper wire strip etched on the ground plane to discover its some unusual parameters such as double negativity of cell which are naturally not found in other materials of nature. A course of action of these unit cells in a grouping shapes metamaterial. These metamaterial cells show exceptionally great applications in the design of microstrip patch antennas by improving their characteristics such as bandwidth, return loss, and gain. The proposed microstrip line feed patch antenna is designed at a 3.5 GHz resonance frequency useful for various worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) applications. The ground plane of a substrate of a patch antenna is loaded with a square split-ring resonator, the proposed antenna is fabricated to obtain experimental parameters. A conventional and proposed patch antenna is simulated, fabricated tested analysed, and reported for performance comparison of its parameters.

This paper provides the design of a wideband compact flexible rectangular slotted patch antenna on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and its performance analysis for wearable applications. Rectangular slots on the patch plane and partial ground are included to improve the operational bandwidth (BW) of the antenna. The proposed antenna is designed on a flexible PDMS substrate with relative permittivity of 2.74 and loss tangent of 0.057 and optimized to a small size of 35 × 25 × 2 mm3 using a powerful, 3D electromagnetic simulation software package (Computer Simulation Technology) studio suite to satisfy the needs of lower fifth generation, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, Wireless Fidelity, and Industrial, Scientific, and Medical band wireless applications. The proposed antenna with a microstrip line feed has two resonant frequencies at 3.5 GHz and 4.85 GHz and it operates over the frequency range of 2.53 GHz to 5.81 GHz. In free space, the antenna provides a large BW of 3.28 GHz, a maximum radiation efficiency of 85.25%, and acceptable return loss, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio, gain, directivity, and radiation characteristics over the operational frequency range. Under the on-body condition, the antenna’s performance analysis, bending analysis, and Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) analysis were also performed on a body phantom model, yielding positive results with SAR values less than the recommended safety limit of 1.6 W/kg. The comparative performance analysis proves the suitability of this antenna for applications in wearable electronics.

This paper describes the design of multiple element of co-polarization elliptical patch antenna operating at 2.45GHz. Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio is used as an effective tool for 3D electromagnetic simulation of high frequency design. In this paper, different dimensions with three elliptical shaped slots are implemented and attached with main radiating element while power has been excited from coaxial feeding. Radius of 14 different cylindrical dots are located at the left most center of the smallest elliptical slot. The analysis on performance will be based on the obtained result especially in radiation pattern, bandwidth and return loss. The antenna is capable of functioning with a maximum directivity of 6.948dBi and a return loss of -22.87dB.

In this paper, we have achieved an efficient rectangular patch antenna with optimized parameters by using MATLAB. The proposed antenna is a type of radio antenna with a low profile which is mounted on a flat surface. It consists of a flat rectangular sheet or patch of metal, mounted over a larger sheet of metal called a ground plane. A resonant frequency of 3 GHz is achieved with improved parameters like high return loss, Low VSWR, High directivity & gain, High efficiency. So the proposed antenna can be suitable for the radio astronomy & space research applications.

This paper presents two compact-sized rectangular microstrip patch antenna(RMSPA) models with multiple slots for 5G mobile communication applications which require high bandwidth. The radiating elements of the proposed antennas are modified by varying slot arrangements. The resonating frequency of 28GHz, one of the candidates for 5G applications, is considered at which a low atmospheric absorption rate of electromagnetic waves has resulted. The size of the proposed antennas is 7 × 7 × 0.8 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> with a substrate of FR4 material, a relative permittivity of 4.3, and a loss tangent of 0.025. The proposed antennas are simulated using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio electromagnetic simulator software. For a better bandwidth improvement over the existing designs, multiple slots are inserted and optimized. Additionally, compared to published results the performance of the proposed antennas show improvements in return loss, voltage standing wave ratio(VSWR), and gain.

This study presents a high-efficiency circular microstrip patch antenna designed for radio frequency identification (RFID) applications simulation results illustrate the performance of a circular microstrip patch antenna operating at 900 MHz. Microstrip antennas are renowned for their ability to meet the requirements of compact, lightweight designs, ensuring compatibility, and ease of integration. This research focuses on the development of a circular microstrip antenna, formed as a circular patch on a 0.035 mm thick FR-4 substrate. The design was realized using a substrate with a relative permittivity (εr) of 4.3, a loss tangent (tan δ) of 0.021 and a substrate height (h) of 1.6 mm. The antenna dimensions are small, measuring 58×45 mm, with a circular patch radius of 17 mm. The antenna operates over a frequency range from 0.5 GHz to 2 GHz. Key performance parameters include a return loss of -49.8 dB, a wide bandwidth of 150 MHz, a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of 1.009, a gain of 2.161 dB, and a directivity of 2.200 dBi. Antenna design and simulation were carried out using computer simulation technology (CST) Studio Suite Software, specifically adapted to RFID applications.

A compact single asymmetric coplanar waveguide feed (ACPW‐fed) dual circularly polarized microstrip antenna that operates at 1.8, 3.9, and 5.2 GHz in the entire operating frequency band 600 MHz–6 GHz for the radar detection of the improvised explosive devices (IEDs) carried by a person is introduced. The proposed novel quasi‐omnidirectional antenna consists of single sided rectangular ring microstrip patch antenna. L‐shaped slots are etched at the two opposite corners of the rectangular ring, introducing new resonance and circular polarization waves at the mid and upper bands, respectively. The achieved dual half‐rectangular ring patch antenna (DHRR‐patch) is loaded with strips of various shapes delicately placed at the center of the radiator, providing new resonance at the upper band and the improvement of the CP features. The matching technique designed based on CPW 50 Ω microstrip transmission line combined with the dual broad band matching techniques through quarter‐wave transformer in conjunction with open stubs and distributed lumped element method constitutes the novelty of the study. Based on quasi‐TEM mn (q‐TEM mn ) mode, ACPW‐fed and CP‐slots are employed to generate CP radiations at the q‐TEM 11 and q‐TEM 21 modes, respectively, while the ground plane width is optimized to enhance axial ratio bandwidth (AR‐BW). Input impedance and radiation pattern calculations of the conventional structure using transmission line and cavity model‐based q‐TEM 01 mode are conducted, respectively. Numerical experiments of the studied monolayer antenna are carried out using Advanced Design System (ADS) Version 2009 environment software employing internal one‐port option to excite the antenna. The prototype of the proposed antenna with a compact dimension (0.27 λ g × 0.38 λ g × 0.02 λ g at 1.8 GHz where λ g is the guided wavelength of the q‐TEM 01 mode) is fabricated on high loss laminate FR4 substrate of volume 43 × 38 × 1.6 (mm 3 ) and relative dielectric constant of 4.4 with simple laboratory‐based traditional printed circuit board (PCB) etching process. Measurement results show a fractional impedance bandwidth (FIBW) of 11.1%, 5.9%, and 7.1%, axial ratio (AR) of 4.6, 2.2, and 0.5 dB, and peak gain of 3.7, 4.7, and 6.1 dBic at 1.8, 4.0, and 5.2 GHz, respectively, demonstrating its suitability for IED detection applications. To verify the efficiency of the proposed model, measured results are compared with the simulated results and good agreement has been established.

Lightweight, small, affordable antennas that can sustain good performance over a broad spectrum of frequencies are crucial in the current development of communication systems. The Microstrip patch antennas offer a low gain, narrowband, and efficiency. To get over narrow band's constraints, numerous designs are used. To increase the bandwidth for high data rate transmission, the suggested design has a low profile circular microstrip dual ring patch antenna with slotted partial ground plane. Analyses are done on the performance of single and twin ring patch antennas. Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, WLAN, radar, MIMO, satellite communication, and other applications of wideband are a few. Antennas are simulated using the High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS).

Early Detection of Breast Cancer Using Microstrip Patch Antenna

Antennas are fundamental for wireless communications. Portability, affordability, adaptability, and small size are essential for wireless communication antennas. This paper discusses the designing and analysis of an Annular Slot Antenna (ASA) with a monopole for Wireless LAN (WLAN) applications at 5. 8GHz frequency using Computer Simulation Technology (CST). The suggested antenna has a basic construction and is simple to build. A monopole and an annular slot antenna (ASA) are fitted into each other to form two quasi-omnidirectional radiators. A microstrip line supplies power to the monopole and the ASA. The performance of the designed antenna is analyzed on the grounds of voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), S parameters, Return loss, and radiation patterns. Simulated outcomes from CST are presented.

In this paper, a comparative study of microstrip patch antenna using microstrip line feed and coaxial feed is proposed. Rogers RT5880 is used as a substrate on which metal patch is mounted. The designed antenna resonates at 9.3 GHz (Radar frequency X band). Design is simulated using computer simulation technology. The proposed antenna has Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) of 1.258 and 1.485, Gain of 7.622 dB and 7.548 dB, Directivity of 7.850 dBi and 7.773 dBi and radiation efficiency of 94.89% and 94.95% with return loss of −18.9dB and −14.209 dB for Microstrip line feed and coaxial feedrespectively.