Sixth Exploratory Measurement Science Group symposium

Combined Application of High-Resolution Chemical Ionization and Electron-Impact Mass Spectrometry to Medicinal Dicarbamates

黄本立院士及其所在的科研团队在质谱领域做了大量的开创性的研究工作，若干工作在国内外起到了引领作用。在仪器研制方面：1) 样品离子引入与飞行路线正交，避免不同元素动能对分析的影响；2) 采用飞秒级极窄脉冲和7 × 1013 W/cm2高辐照的激光器，大大减少基体效应和元素的分馏效应；3) 用氦作缓冲气体，适度冷却等离子体及避免周围空气的卷入，降低多价离子和多原子离子的干扰，获得明晰的谱线和清晰的背景；这些改进使质谱技术的分析性能达到前所未有的高度，如分辨率达7000，检出限达10−6~10−7 g/g，覆盖6~7数量级的动态范围。为等离子体的基础研究和质谱广泛的应用奠定了坚实的基础。在基础研究方面：1) 激光诱导等离子体离子动能分布研究，获得了等离子体形成和发展动力学知识；2) 探索激光诱导等离子体温度与激光波长、脉冲宽度、激光能量、辅助缓冲气体压力和样品硬度等之间的关系，为获取最优的分析性能提供了理论依据；3) 辅助缓冲气体离子源的研究，有效地降低离子的动能和多价离子的干扰。4) 建立飞行时间质谱仪二维分离技术，通过离子的初始动能及其质荷比的不同实现二维分离，实现了把分析物离子从多价离子和气体类离子中分离出来。在应用方面，把质谱分析技术应用范围扩大到前所未有的广度，若干应用具有里程碑意义：1) 半定量无标准固体中金属和非金属元素的直接分析；2) 古瓷碎片分析；3) 薄层剖面分析；4) 形态分析；5) 矿物分析；6) 有机化合物分析；7) 生物样品分析。 Academician Huang Benli and his research group have done a lot of groundbreaking research work in the field of mass spectrometry, some of which are pioneer works in the world. The pioneer works in the instrument design include: 1) Orthogonalizing the introduction of the sample ion and flight routes to avoid the influence of the kinetic energy for different element on the analysis; 2) using pulses laser with several femtoseconds (fs) width and 7 × 1013 W/cm2 of high irradiation to reduce the matrix effect and the fractionation effect of elements; 3) using helium as buffer gas to moderate cooling plasma and avoid the involvement of the surrounding air, which reduce the interference of multiply charged ions and polyatomic ions and obtain an explicit spectrum and clear background. Due to these works, the performance of mass spectrometry analysis reached an unprecedented height. For instance, the resolution reached 7000, the detection limit reached 10−6 - 10−7 g/g, and the dynamic range covered 6 - 7 orders of magnitude. A solid foundation has been thereby established for the basic research of plasma and the wide application of mass spectrometry. Furthermore, they also made great achievements in the fundamental research, including: 1) the study of ion kinetic energy distribution in the laser induced plasma developed the knowledge theory of dynamics of the plasma formation and expansion; 2) the exploration of the relationship between the laser induced plasma temperature and the laser wavelength, laser energy, pulse width, auxiliary buffer gas pressure and the sample hardness etc., provided the theoretical base for obtaining the optimal analysis performance; 3) the study of auxiliary buffer gas ion source for effectively reduced the ion kinetic energy and the interference of multiply charged ions; 4) the es-tablishment of two-dimensional separation technology for time-of-flight mass spectrometer, rea-lized the two dimensional separation of ions by their initial kinetic energy in one dimension and their mass-to-charge ratios in the other dimension and achieved the separation of analyte ions from multiply charged ions and gas species ions. Finally they made a great contribution to the application of the mass spectrometry technology including: 1) the semi-quantitative direct analysis of metal and nonmetal elements in the solid samples; 2) analysis of ancient ceramics; 3) thin layers depth profile analysis; 4) morphological analysis; 5) mineral analysis; 6) analysis of organic compounds (including fragments and polyatomic molecule polymer); 7) biological sample analysis.

Chapter 18 - Application of mass spectrometry in brain research: neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and brain proteins

The genus Microbacterium in the phylum Actinomycetota contains over 100 species to date that little is known about their bioactive metabolites production. In this study, a mangrove sediment-derived strain B2969T was identified as a novel type strain within the genus Microbacterium due to the low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (< 99%), and low overall genome relatedness indices (ANI, 75.4%-79.5%; dDDH, 18.5%-22.7%, AAI, 68.7%-76.3%; POCP, 48.3%-65.0%) with the validly named species of the genus. The type strain B2969T (= MCCC 1K099113T = JCM 36707 T) is proposed to represent Microbacterium alkaliflavum sp. nov.. The crude extracts of strain B2969T showed weak cytotoxicity against NPC cell lines TW03 and 5-8F, with IC50 values of ranging from 3.5 µg/µL to 2.4 µg/µL respectively. Genome analysis of strain B2969T found 8 clusters of genes responsible for secondary metabolite biosynthesis, including cytotoxic compounds desferrioxamines. In addition, the application of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS)-based molecular networking strategy led to the identification of 10 compounds with potent cytotoxic activity in ethyl acetate extracts of strain B2969T. Results from the cytotoxicity assay, genome mining, and metabolite profiling based on LC–MS/MS analysis revealed its ability to produce bioactive compounds.BackgroundMangrove ecosystems are largely unexplored sources of Actinomycetota, which represent potential important reservoirs of bioactive compounds. The genus Microbacterium in the phylum Actinomycetota contains over 100 species to date that little is known about their bioactive metabolites production. In this study, a novel species, namely B2969T, within the genus Microbacterium that showed cytotoxicity against nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines was isolated from mangrove sediments. Genome mining and metabolic profiling analyses were explored here to assess its biosynthetic potential of metabolites with cytotoxic properties.ResultsHere, a mangrove sediment-derived strain B2969T was identified as a novel species within the genus Microbacterium due to the low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (< 99.0%), and low overall genome relatedness indices (ANI, 75.4%-79.5%; dDDH, 18.5%-22.7%, AAI, 68.7%-76.3%; POCP, 48.3%-65.0%) with the type strains of this genus. We proposed that strain B2969T represents a new species, in which the name Microbacterium alkaliflavum sp. nov. is proposed. The strain showed weak cytotoxicity against NPC cell lines TW03 and 5-8F, with IC50 values of ranging from 3.512 µg/µL to 2.428 µg/µL respectively. Genome analysis of strain B2969T found 8 clusters of genes responsible for secondary metabolite biosynthesis, including desferrioxamines. In addition, the application of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS)-based molecular networking strategy led to the identification of 10 potent cytotoxic compounds in ethyl acetate extracts of strain B2969T.ConclusionsThis study confirmed the taxonomy status of type strain B2969T (= MCCC 1K099113T = JCM 36707 T) within the genus Microbacterium, in which the name Microbacterium alkaliflavum sp. nov.. Results from the cytotoxicity assay, genome mining, and metabolite profiling based on LC–MS/MS analysis revealed its ability to produce bioactive substances, providing sufficient evidence for the potential of Microbacterium species in the discovery of novel pharmaceuticals.

Application of a high-resolution benchtop quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry for the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of Danhong injection in guinea pig

A case study on the application of isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) in determining the provenance of a rock used in an alleged nickel switching incident

Forensic application of isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) for human identification

It is often assumed that because the current generation of students is more technologically competent than previous generations, they would prefer to use technology for both formal and informal learning. The results of a series of empirical studies indicated that students in formal settings preferred face-to-face contact with their instructors and used Web 2.0 tools for communication and to complete specific class assignments; in their personal lives, these technologies were used for communication, music and video downloads, and online gaming. Although students did not use social networking in their classes, the use of these tools may provide educators with an alternative to course management systems. Results from a community sample indicated a preference towards using the Internet for information gathering, and even though respondents reported that the incorporation of social networking sites in informal education settings would be nice, it was not expected. Overall, both student and community participants utilized technology that was familiar to them. Thus, assuming technological competence in our students and implementing various technological applications in the classroom may be counterproductive if guidance and training are not provided.

As a rapid, accurate and sensitive technique, mass spectrometry has been widely used in biological research area. Nucleic acids are the basic substance of life, and have been a hot research field in life science. In recent, mass spectrometry has become a powerful tool for scientists to study the nucleic acids, with rapid developments. This paper introduces the mass spectrometry for nucleic acids, and briefly review the application of mass spectrometry in the nucleic acids research of high order structures, interactions with small molecules, DNA damage and modification, mainly introducing the research achievements by Chinese scholars.

Book Review: Handbook of Near-Infrared Analysis, Infrared and Raman Characteristic Group Frequencies: Table and Charts, Mass Spectrometry Principles and Applications, Mass Spectrometry Principles and Applications, NMR Spectroscopy: Data Acquisition, Fourier Transforms in Spectroscopy, Handbook of Raman Spectroscopy

Pulsed laser ablation synthesis of fresh Te nanoparticles for matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) applications

An application of membrane inlet mass spectrometry to measure denitrification in a recirculating mariculture system

We present the first results of the quantitative and qualitative gas chromatographic and isotope ratio mass spectrometric analysis of monosaccharides derived from acid hydrolysis of α-cellulose extracted from annual pine tree-rings. The conifers investigated in this study grew in the Niepolomice Forest in Poland, and the annual rings covered the time span from 1940 to 2000 AD. The main components of the α-cellulose samples were two saccharides: glucose and mannose. The amount of glucose in the annual rings varied between 17 and 44%. The δ(13)C of glucose was found to be less negative than that of α-cellulose and the δ(18)O values in glucose were less positive than those in α-cellulose. The content of monosaccharides in the α-cellulose samples has an influence on the isotope fractionation factors. The values of the carbon isotope fractionation factor increase with an increase in the monosaccharides concentration in α-cellulose, while the values of the oxygen isotope fractionation factor decrease with an increase in monosaccharides concentration in α-cellulose. The challenge is to establish, with respect to climate changes and environmental conditions, the significance of the interannual variations in the observed monosaccharide concentration.

Cyanobacteria synthesize many secondary metabolites of various chemical structures and biological activity and release them into the aquatic environment. Two new oligopeptides belonging to anabaenopeptins and cyanopeptolins were isolated from an enrichment culture dominated by Woronichinia naegeliana (Unger) Elenkin. The application of mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy allowed determination of their structure and identification of these compounds as cyanopeptolin 1081 and anabaenopeptin 899 with a molecular formula C52H75N9O16 and C48H65N7O10, respectively. The preliminary evaluation of their toxicity was conducted via tests based on crustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus. Although these peptides did not exert acute toxic effects at the concentration up to 40 μg ml–1, deterioration of the physiological state of the studied crustaceans, indicated by reduced mobility, was observed. Considering the limited knowledge of cyanopeptide presence in the aquatic environment, it is important to identify and characterize these compounds.

Development of a novel targeted LC-MS/MS methods for the typing of cardiac amyloidosis.