Sleep‐enhancing nursing interventions in hospital wards: A systematic review

Oral health is considered a key component of general health. However, causal evidence examining the effects of dental coverage on general health is sparse. To examine the effects of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid expansions with extensive dental benefits versus less generous dental benefits on the general health status of individuals with low income. A difference-in-differences design comparing states that expanded Medicaid eligibility in 2014 by whether they offered extensive or less generous dental benefits. Adults aged 18-64 years below 138% of the federal poverty level who participated in the 2011-2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys. Self-rated general health status and number of days not in good physical health or good mental health in the past 30 days. The likelihood of fair/poor rated health status declined with extensive dental benefits, including by 2.3 (95% CI: -3.90 to -0.69) percentage-points when aggregating 2014-2022, with declines first observed in 2015 and almost all years after. There were no statistically significant effects on days not in good physical or mental health when aggregating 2014-2022. There were fewer mentally unhealthy days with extensive dental benefits by 0.93 days in 2019 and 2021 (95% CI: -1.80 to -0.06 and -1.70 to -0.15, respectively). The findings suggest that extensive dental coverage improves self-rated general health status among low-income adults. There is suggestive evidence of improved mental health in 2 but not all years and no discernable effect on days not in good physical health.

Adults with an epilepsy history fare significantly worse on positive mental and physical health than adults with other common chronic conditions-Estimates from the 2010 National Health Interview Survey and Patient Reported Outcome Measurement System (PROMIS) Global Health Scale.

Objective:Child abuse can have devastating mental health consequences. Fortunately, not all individuals exposed to child abuse will suffer from poor mental health. Understanding what factors are related to good mental health following child abuse can provide evidence to inform prevention of impairment. Our objectives were to 1) describe the prevalence of good, moderate, and poor mental health among respondents with and without a child abuse history; 2) examine the relationships between child abuse and good, moderate, and poor mental health outcomes; 3) examine the relationships between individual- and relationship-level factors and better mental health outcomes; and 4) determine if individual- and relationship-level factors moderate the relationship between child abuse and mental health.Method:Data were from the nationally representative 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey: Mental Health (n = 23,395; household response rate = 79.8%; 18 years and older). Good, moderate, and poor mental health was assessed using current functioning and well-being, past-year mental disorders, and past-year suicidal ideation.Results:Only 56.3% of respondents with a child abuse history report good mental health compared to 72.4% of those without a child abuse history. Individual- and relationship-level factors associated with better mental health included higher education and income, physical activity, good coping skills to handle problems and daily demands, and supportive relationships that foster attachment, guidance, reliable alliance, social integration, and reassurance of worth.Conclusions:This study identifies several individual- and relationship-level factors that could be targeted for intervention strategies aimed at improving mental health outcomes following child abuse.

Aims: Sleep is an essential component of mental well-being. Many patients presenting in the ADHD clinic report sleep issues, which stem from underlying physical or mental health conditions, or as side effects of prescribed medications. These sleep disturbances, if unaddressed may exacerbate existing mental health issues. It can often be challenging to complete a thorough assessment of sleep disturbance in an ADHD clinic in a limited time. Essential components of documentation of sleep assessment were identified from National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance. Our aim was to achieve 100% documentations containing all essential components of sleep assessment in the ADHD clinic by August 2024.Methods: Measurement: Number of documentations containing all the essential components of sleep assessments were measured. Initial audit: Initial audit showed only 20% (n=4) records containing all essential components of sleep assessment. Thereafter, three PDSA (plan, do, act, study) cycles were completed as follows: PDSA Cycle 1: Initial sleep assessment questionnaire was designed and handed over to carer and patient to fill out and uploaded on electronic record system. 50% (n=6) of the documentations contained all the components of sleep assessment.PDSA Cycle 2: Sleep assessment questionnaire was modified and new questions were added. 70% (n=7) of the documents were found to have all the essential components.PDSA Cycle 3: Sleep hygiene leaflet introduced. 100% (n=20) of the documentations contained all the essential components.Results: 100% documentations of sleep assessment contained all the essential components. A modified version of the structured sleep assessment questionnaire was designed. A leaflet on sleep hygiene was constructed to improve patient and carer education.Conclusion: Inadequate documentation of sleep disturbance assessment can lead to improper diagnosis, unjudicial prescription of medications, inability to monitor progress or treatment efficacy. Consistent documentation helps in understanding individual sleep patterns in patients with ADHD and helps to enable the clinicians to identify mode of sleep issues which in turn aids in offering adequate management. The use of questionnaire filled out by the carers and patients before the consultation ensured effective assessment and record keeping in a timely fashion and helped as a reference for future comparison to monitor progression and treatment response.

The paper contains an analysis of the factors affecting the quality of life (QoL) and the illness acceptance of diabetic pregnant women. The study was performed between January and April, 2013. It included 114 pregnant women with diabetes, hospitalized in the High Risk Pregnancy Wards of several hospitals in Lublin, Poland. The study used a diagnostic survey with questionnaires. The research instruments used were: The WHOQOL-Bref questionnaire and the Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS). The women’s general quality of life was slightly higher than their perceived general health. A higher quality of life was reported by women with a very good financial standing, very good perceived health, moderate self-reported knowledge of diabetes, and also by those only treated with diet and stating that the illness did not interfere with their lives (p < 0.05). Women with a very good financial standing (p < 0.009), high self-reported health (p < 0.002), and those treated with by means of a diet (p < 0.04) had a higher acceptance of illness. A higher acceptance of illness contributes to a higher general quality of life and a better perception of one’s health.

BackgroundMental health issues in adolescents is steadily increasing, mainly since the rise of social media, the concomitant effects of internet use and other problems associated with academic performance, familial abuse and bullying. Secondary school teachers are exposed to a wide range of adolescent behaviours, yet depression and anxiety appear to be those behaviours that are causing the greatest concern.AimThis review aimed to appraise and synthesise qualitative studies examining secondary school teachers’ experiences of supporting students experiencing mental health issues.MethodsBetween January 2007 and March 2022, a search was conducted across nine databases, namely Medline, CINAHL Complete, APA PsycInfo, Embase, ERIC, Web of Science, Scopus, CNKI (for Chinese sources), and Wanfang (also for Chinese sources). This review focused on qualitative studies and included, but was not exclusive to, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, action research, and feminist research. The selection of studies adhered to the guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The JBI approach was utilised for data extraction, synthesis, and critical evaluation. Additionally, the ConQual approach was employed to assess the reliability of the findings.FindingsA total of 2516 papers were identified, but only eleven qualitative studies were selected for inclusion in this review. Based on the JBI critical appraisal checklist for qualitative research, these studies were rated as having moderate quality. The studies originated from various countries, including three from the USA, one from the UK, Canada, Italy, Norway, Ireland, South Lebanon, Kenya, and China. A common theme identified in these studies was the challenges teachers faced when supporting students with mental health issues. Five categories emerged from the papers reviewed: ‘ Experiencing the Challenges of mental health issues in the Classroom’, ‘Teachers’ understanding of mental health issues’, ‘Feeling at a loss and coping with compassion’, ‘Providing a supportive and close relationship beyond that of the role’, ‘Understanding the Conflicts Imposed on and by the Education System’.ConclusionIt is evident from this review that secondary school teachers experience difficulties and challenges in supporting students with mental health issues. This also has implications for school nurses who may be best placed to support both students and teachers alike. It is also recommended that further research be conducted in Asian communities because of the paucity of published work in this setting.

Longitudinal changes in physical and mental health of older adults with chronic hepatitis B infection: Trajectories and predictors.

There is little large-scale evidence on the effect of alcoholic beer consumption on physical, mental and, above all, socio-emotional health. Here, we conducted a secondary data analysis of the 2012 and 2017 National Health Surveys with 33,185 individuals aged 18 years and older to assess beer consumption in relation to self-perceived health, functional limitations, mental health, and social support. Logistic regression models assessed the association of alcohol consumption (abstainers, ex-drinkers, occasional drinkers, moderate beer drinkers, and heavy beer drinkers) with self-perceived health (poor or good), limitations of type (none, physical, mental, or both) and intensity (none, mild, or severe), mental health (poor, average, or good) and social support (poor, average, or good). Analyses were adjusted for sex, age, occupational social class, educational level, place of residence, survey, part-time physical activity, dietary information, smoking, and body mass index. Compared to abstainers, occasional and moderate beer drinkers were associated with better mental and self-perceived health and social support, and were less likely to report mild or severe physical limitations. In contrast, former drinkers were associated with worse indicators of self-perceived health, physical health, mental health, and social support than abstainers. Alcoholic beer consumption showed a J-shaped relationship with self-perceived, physical, mental, and social-emotional health, with better values at moderate levels.

To examine the separate and joint associations of physical activity and levels of physical, mental, and social health with long-term all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in older adults. A cohort of 4008 individuals representative of the non-institutionalized population of Spain aged 60years and older was analyzed. Information on physical activity was self-reported. Physical and mental health were assessed with the SF-36 questionnaire, and social health with a 4-item score on network structure and social engagement. Participants were categorized as being in a good, intermediate, or poor health according to tertiles of the score in each health dimension. Analyses were performed with Cox regression and adjusted for main confounders, including levels in the other two health dimensions. Over a median follow-up of 14 years, a total of 1811 deaths occurred, 674 due to CVD. Hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for all-cause mortality were 1.35 (1.18-1.55), 1.18 (1.02-1.36), and 1.37 (1.18-1.58) for poor vs. good physical, mental, and social health, respectively (all p trend < 0.001). Being physically active was associated with a 28% (15-39%), 31% (19-42%), and 19% (5-31%) lower all-cause mortality in participants with poor physical, mental, and social health, respectively. In each health dimension, physically active individuals with poor health showed a similar or lower all-cause mortality than those who had intermediate or good health but were physically inactive. Results for CVD mortality were similar to those for all-cause death. Physical activity might attenuate the excess all-cause and CVD mortality associated with poor physical, mental, and social health.

Aging-related physical changes do not necessarily lead to a decline in sexual functioning: good physical and mental health, a positive attitude toward sex in later life, and access to a healthy partner are associated with continued sexual activity, and regular sexual expression is associated with good physical and mental health. However, it is commonly assumed that older adults do not have sexual desires, and older people often find it difficult to discuss this topic with their doctor or healthcare provider. There are many potential barriers concerning sexuality in older age: the lack of a healthy sexual partner, depression, the monotony of a repetitive sexual relationship, a lack of physical attractiveness to partner(s), hormone variability, and illness and/or iatrogenic factors. In addition to these factors and the physiological changes that occur with aging, many comorbid diseases that affect both the physical and mental health of the elderly, the use of many drugs and many geriatric syndromes negatively affect the elderly’s ability to maintain sexual activity. However, sexuality, sexual behavior, and intimacy are important in every phase of adult life and are an important indicator of quality of life with sexual activity and sexual satisfaction being associated with a number of benefits for physical and mental health, including a reduction in cardiovascular events in later life, reduced risk of fatal coronary events, prostate and breast cancer, depressive mood, increased sleep quality, and reduced frailty and mortality. In this chapter, the mutual effects of sexual activity and physical health in the elderly will be discussed.KeywordsSexual activityFrailtyPhysical healthSuccessful aging

Leadership consists of a tool in the nursing management process that coordinates groups in order to influence agents/workers to achieve the expected results. To perform this role, it is necessary for the leader to have certain characteristics: relational skills; investment in self-knowledge; acquisition of new competencies; a good understanding of the team; and striving to be an example. Nurses of the 21st century will have the knowledge, strategies, and capacity to lead and manage in nursing and in changing healthcare services, and to influence health policy towards a healthier future for all populations. Objective: to map the scientific evidence regarding the behaviors of nurse leaders and the strategies that promote leadership in nursing within hospital health organizations, contributing to the development of innovative and structured healthcare models that result in the continuous improvement of care quality and in meeting health needs. We used the Scoping Review methodology according to the guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE Complete, CINAHL Complete, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Open Access Scientific Repository of Portugal. Primary studies published in Portuguese, English, or Spanish were included, with the search carried out on October 21, 2025. A total of 2,407 records were identified, of which 11 were included in the review. Leadership behaviors in nursing and strategies that promote these behaviors in the hospital setting were identified. Leadership behaviors are associated with communication skills, decision-making, experience, mentoring, education, and team building.

The Covid-19 pandemic is a disease outbreak that has spread not only in Indonesia but throughout the world. This virus not only affects our physical health but also affects our mental health. Even though the government has now declared Indonesia to be free of masks, it cannot be denied that the coronavirus is still among us. For this reason, it is important to maintain good physical and mental health. During the pandemic, many people feel the consequences, especially children who still don't understand what is going on. In addition, the lack of awareness of us or our parents about mental health is a problem that must be faced. Mental health is a condition when our mind is peaceful and calm, so we can live a good life too, while children's mental health is related to how children face the challenges that exist in their lives. Community Service (PKM) "children's mental health education counseling after the covid-19 pandemic" which was held at the Miftahul Ilmi Kindergarten/RA school was carried out as a form of concern for how important mental health is to be maintained even after pandemic period has passed. The implementation of Community Service (PKM) is carried out on a scale through two stages, namely: the observation stage and the activity implementation stage. In the implementation stage, it is carried out through the lecture/discussion method of question and answer. The participants provided material on what mental health is, recognizing mental health problems in children, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's mental health, and the importance of maintaining mental health as well as tips for maintaining mental health in children. The result of this Community Service (PKM) activity is that previously there were still many parents who did not understand that not only physical health must be maintained but children's mental health also has a very large role in the body of children's development in the future to live their lives.

Objective The scientific studies on the mental health and substance use among elite para-athletes are rare (Lardi et al., in preparation; Lüdi et al., 2023). However, the shows similarities as well as differences to the regular elite athletes’ populations (Rice et al., 2016; Swartz et al., 2019). The aim of this study was to investigate the mental health and substance use of para-athletes (PAs) from their perspective, in order to gain an overview of the situation in elite para-sport and to potentially create a basis for prevention campaigns and, if necessary, interventions. Methodology An online survey (SoSciSurvey) was used to create a questionnaire, which was translated into eight languages to reach PAs internationally. In addition to socio-demographic and sports-specific (Para-Sport, PS) variables, psychological and physical factors, as well as substance use, were assessed using standardized instruments. Results (CAVE: at the time at submission preliminary since the survey ends by the end of November/The final results will be presented at the congress): The PAs (N = 82) showed different prevalences regarding mental disorders compared to data from the general population and regular elite athletes, with disorder-specific deviations. There were significant gender differences in psychological distress (K-10, p &lt; .001), depression severity (PHQ-9, p &lt; .001), and anxiety severity (GAD-7, p &lt; .001). The majority of PAs reported good or very good mental (69.51%) and physical (64.63%) health, and these results significantly correlated (p &lt; .001) with a strong effect size. PAs were more likely to disclose and seek support in professional than in private settings. 51.22% of the PAs felt disadvantaged in everyday life, and in PS, it was 29.27%. The BA and K-10 did not correlate significantly (p &gt; .05), but there was a significant correlation (p &lt; .001) between discrimination in PS and the K-10. The results of discrimination in everyday life and in PS both significantly correlated with the WHODAS-12 (p &lt; .01, and p &lt; .001), with a weak and moderate effect size, respectively. Regarding substance use, 41.46% of PAs reported alcohol, 7.32% nicotine, and 8.54% cannabis use. The AUDIT-C did not significantly correlate with the K-10 or the WHODAS-12 (p &gt; .05), and there was no significant gender difference (AUDIT-C, p &gt; .05). Conclusions Based on the results, prevention should occur in the disorder-specific area and refer to the professional services, social support, focusing more on discrimination, and include substance use (alcohol and cannabis). It is important to consider that PAs are a vulnerable population and research gaps still exist.

Cannabinoids, both natural and synthetic, are a subject of scientific interest. Cannabis is widely used, and its impact on health and the immune system is being studied. The endocannabinoid system influences inflammation, including the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), a potential diagnostic tool. Our study investigates the connection between cannabis use and NLR. Our systematic review was registered in Prospero (#CRD42023463539). We searched six databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and CINAHL Complete) for records in English from inception to May 2024. We included observational studies that measured the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) in cannabis users and control participants. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale to assess the quality of the included studies. We selected a random-effects model, and the statistical analysis was performed using Stata software version 17. Out of a total of 4,054 records, only five articles were selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis. All of these chosen studies utilized a retrospective design. Furthermore, it's worth noting that all of the studies included were of high quality. In five studies involving 3,359 cannabis users and 10,437 non-users, no significant difference in NLR was found (WMD: 0.12 [-0.16, 0.41], I2: 39.89%). Subgroup analysis on healthy and schizophrenia participants didn't show significant NLR differences (p=0.76). Secondary analysis revealed cannabis users had higher Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) (67.80 [44.54, 91.06]), neutrophil count (0.68 [0.25, 1.12]), white blood cell count (0.92 [0.43, 1.41]), monocyte count (0.11 [0.05, 0.16]), and Systemic Immune Inflammation Index (SII) (83.48 [5.92, 157.04]) compared to non-users. Our systematic review and meta-analysis reveal that cannabis use may affect NLR and hematologic parameters, suggesting a potential immune impact. Complex associations exist, requiring further research. Schizophrenia and pro-inflammatory factors are discussed, highlighting the need for ongoing investigation into cannabis-related immune changes and mental health. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023463539.

Introduction Cultural humility has gained increased traction in recent years to promote inclusion and equity and improve health, mental health, and human services for minoritised groups. Cultural humility acknowledges the dynamic nature of cultural identity, focuses on life-long learning of the self in relation to others, and challenges individuals and organisations to address systemic inequalities. While the literature has been focused greatly on theoretically describing cultural humility, its definition, and conceptualisation, there exists a knowledge gap regarding its systemic operationalisation and practice. Objective As part of this scoping review, a comprehensive knowledge synthesis will be carried out to map the current knowledge landscape on cultural humility, as an evolving and emerging topic, and to identify existing knowledge gaps. The aim is to identify and synthesise the available literature regarding measures and indicators of cultural humility across different disciplines and its Practice and operationalisation at individual, interpersonal, and collective. Methods Literature search will be conducted across multi-disciplinary databases, Scopus, Web of Science, and discipline specific databases, PsycINFO, Education Research Complete, ERIC, Business Source Complete, Medline, CINAHL Complete, Embase, Applied Social Sciences Index &amp; Abstracts (ASSIA) and ProQuest Social Science Premium Collection. Analysis Published literature on measures, indicators, and practice of cultural humility across disciplines will be included. Two independent reviewers will conduct title, abstract, and full-text review of the search results on Covidence. Data will be analysed thematically and mapped to the individual, interpersonal, and collective levels. Conclusion This review will address the gap within the current evidence synthesis by describing the existing knowledge on measurement and operationalisation of cultural humility. The wide scope of this review in considering a range of disciplines as sources of knowledge will expand the current literature of cultural humility within the health and mental health fields and facilitate more innovative approaches towards its operationalisation.