Small patch antenna with short-circuited elements

A new compact patch antenna, which is arranged perpendicular to a circular ground plane, for WLAN operation is presented. The antenna consists mainly of one driven patch and one shorted parasitic patch, both of which wind along two concentric circles. A constructed prototype covering the 2.4 and 5 GHz WLAN bands is demonstrated. Good broadside radiation characteristics are obtained across the operating bands. Details of the proposed patch antenna and experimental results are presented and discussed.

We report in this paper the design of a compact and small size patch antenna for a RFID tag in American UHF band. The size of the proposed antenna is 91 × 36 × 6.34 mm3. The antenna presents good performances. A good matching of −22 dB and a high gain of 4.7 dBi are achieved at the resonant frequency (918 MHz). The proposed antenna is well adapted for a compact and small size RFID tag placed over a metallic thing.

Microstrip patch antennas are mostly due to their versatility in terms of possible geometries that makes them applicable for many different situations. The lightweight construction and the suitability for integration with microwave integrated circuits are two more of their numerous advantages. A single layer, single feed compact slotted patch antenna is thoroughly simulated in this paper. The aim of this work is to design and to implement a microstrip patch antenna array that meets the requirements of a microwave communications system. Resonant frequency has been reduced drastically by cutting `Two hexagonal and a circular' like shape slots from the conventional microstrip patch antenna. For the design of the antenna, simulation tool software IE3D, based on the Method of Moments (MoM) was used. After simulating and optimizing a single element proposed antenna that achieved satisfactory measurement results with also size has been reduced by 80.22% when compared to a Conventional microstrip patch antenna.

A metamaterial-inspired compact patch antenna resonating between 2 and 6.3 GHz for various wireless standards is proposed. The antenna is a patch antenna that is loaded with a metamaterial-inspired loading structure and is fed using a coplanar waveguide feed line that has been designed to have a characteristic impedance of 50 Ω. The compact antenna is a wideband antenna with a bandwidth (below −10 dB) of 4.3 GHz. The size of the patch in terms of the free-space wavelength at the lowest resonance frequency is λ0/11×λ0/7×λ0/90. The large bandwidth of the antenna is obtained by loading a conventional patch antenna with a metamaterial-inspired loading structure that has been designed to resonate at its lowest fundamental left-handed mode, near to the conventional patch’s resonant frequency.

The wireless technology and broadband applications nowadays are very advanced from their early stages, but still an antenna is the indispensable item in these technologies. Hence this paper presented a compact micro strip 2X1 patch antenna for applications in WLAN band operating in the 5GHz–6GHz frequency range. Two element compact patch antenna with a combination of simple diamond decoupling structure is presented here. This antenna is constructed using RO 4350 substrate used for high frequency applications. After simulation with CST software the performance of the proposed antennas is investigated and compared to both the cases. An improvement of 9.2dB in coupling loss (S21) and 3.2dB in return loss (S11) are achieved.

The high-frequency electromagnetic waves may propagate into the ball through the aperture on a continual metallic shell, so that the wireless monitoring in the shell by high-frequency electromagnetic waves is available. The wireless monitoring system needs an antenna to transmit and accept signals. Microstrip antennas are the consequent choice for the system because of the planar structure and small size. In this paper, the transmission of the electromagnetic waves in the metallic slit will be studied and simulated. And then a useful compact microstrip patch antenna was proposed for the wireless monitoring system. Finally, several approaches are combined to minimize the antenna. The length of the compact patch antenna is 12.5mm and width is 15mm, which size is less than 75% of the conventional patch antenna and the gain is more than 25%.

This paper presents the design and simulation of 30°-30°-120° triangular microstrip patch antenna miniaturization using shorting pin for S-band frequency operation. The analysis of miniaturized triangular microstrip antenna with shorting pin is performed by Ansys HFSS based simulation results. The conventional and compact triangular microstrip patch antenna shows the resonant frequency at 2.2 GHz and 2.4 GHz with gain of 1.2 dB and 1.7 dB respectively. Here the conventional triangular microstrip patch antenna area is miniaturized upto 31% through the shorting pin. The comparison between the conventional and compact triangular microstrip patch antenna are presented and discussed in this paper. The proposed compact triangular microstrip patch antenna is often suitable for integration with Bluetooth and WLAN devices with reduced design complexity.

A compact single-layer filtering patch antenna with wide harmonic suppression and enhanced bandwidth

ABSTRACTIn this letter, it is proposed to use metasurface (MS) to miniaturize patch antenna. The MS studied is composed of two layers, layers 1 and 2. Layer 1 has simple rectangular microstrip lines as unit cells and layer 2 has the complimentary pattern of layer 1. The MS is placed on top of and in direct contact with a small patch antenna, forming a miniaturized‐patch antenna operating at 4 GHz. For comparison, another patch antenna without using MS is designed to operate at the same frequency. Both antennas are studied using computer simulation and measurement. Results show, with the use of the MS, the patch antenna can have the size reduced by 67%, yet achieving a similar performance. The simulated and measured results in reflection coefficients, efficiencies, realized peak gains, and radiation patterns of the antennas are presented. The cable effects caused by the feeding cable used in measurement are studied. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2050–2056, 2015

A small size patch antenna with high gain and high front-to-back (F/B) ratio has been newly developed. The antenna consists of two elements, that is, RF exiting element arranging on the front side and parasitic one on the back. The latter is terminated by the reactance. The antenna is as small as 80times80times8 mm in size and shows the gain and F/B ratio of 6 dBi and 15 dB at 950 MHz band, respectively. The obtained results are about 2 dB and 10 dB higher in gain and F/B ratio, respectively as compared with the conventional patch antenna. The size dependence of the performance has been investigated for antenna design by the simulation. The result shows that decreasing the element width with sacrificing the increase of thickness is found to be effective for minimizing the antenna volume.

A low-profile miniature antenna with very wide bandwidth is proposed for emerging multimode devices. It comprises a small circular patch antenna loaded by a metallic annular-ring and located on a laminate with a slotted ground plane. The design achieves a very compact low-profile antenna with broadband performance. By optimizing the parameters of the annular-ring patch antenna, very broadband characteristics can be obtained. The measured results show that the antenna achieves a 10 dB return loss from 1.383 GHz to 2.210 GHz, (827 MHz) ie about 47% with respect to the centre frequency 1.796 GHz. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated results. The radiation patterns and gains are also presented. The working frequencies for the proposed antenna include the GPS frequency (1.575 GHz), DCS band (1.710 GHz-1.880 GHz), DECT, GSM1800 and the UMTS (1.920 GHz-2.170 GHz) band.

Patch antennas usually involve a ground plane much larger than the radiating element. To make a patch antenna compact, it is significant to reduce the size of the large ground plane. In this paper, a compact multi-folded patch antenna with a substantially small ground plane for UWB (ultra wideband) application at the UHF (ultrahigh frequency) band is presented. The proposed antenna is derived from an ordinary L-shaped monopole antenna, and with the dimension of only 0.22λL× 0.092λL× 0.091λL (λL is the longest wavelength in the operating bandwidth) after folding the L-shaped radiating patch over the small ground plane. The characteristics such as impedance bandwidth, gain and pattern stability are analyzed and measured. According to the measured results, the antenna has an impedance bandwidth up to 61.5% for VSWR≤2, ranging from 450 MHz to 850 MHz, covering the band of DVB-T (Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial) (470 MHz-862 MHz) and DTV (Digital TV) (470 MHz-806 MHz). Details of the fabricated antenna are described, and a prototype of the design example is constructed and studied.

A comparative study to determine the most highly sensitive resonant frequency among the first four resonant frequencies of a conventional patch antenna and defected ground structure (DGS)-loaded patch antennas using commonly used DGS geometries in the literature, such as a rectangular slit, single-ring complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) with different split positions, and double-ring CSRRs (DR-CSRRs) with different locations below the patch, for relative permittivity measurement of planar materials was conducted. The sensitivity performance for placing the DGS on two different locations, a center and a radiating edge of the patch, was also compared. Finally, the effect of scaling down the patch size of the DGS-loaded patch antenna was investigated in order to enhance the sensitivities of the higher order resonant frequencies. It was found that the second resonant frequency of the DR-CSRR DGS-loaded patch antenna aligned on a radiating edge with a half scaled-down patch size shows the highest sensitivity when varying the relative permittivity of the material under test from 1 to 10. In order to validate the simulated performance of the proposed antenna, the conventional and the proposed patch antennas were fabricated on 0.76-mm-thick RF-35 substrate, and they were used to measure their sensitivity when several standard dielectric substrate samples with dielectric constants ranging from 2.17 to 10.2 were loaded. The measured sensitivity of the second resonant frequency for the proposed DGS-loaded patch antenna was 4.91 to 7.72 times higher than the first resonant frequency of the conventional patch antenna, and the measured performance is also slightly better compared to the patch antenna loaded with a meander-line slot on the patch.

A comprehensive study of compact flexible patch antenna, which is the suitable topology for medical telemetry operated in the industrial scientific and medical (ISM) band, is presented. For establishing efficient wireless links for assisting medical diagnostics, the antenna is required to be of a low profile, safe, and simple geometry. To achieve the compactness of the structure, Taguchi’s optimization method has been applied based on the concept of orthogonal array. The designed antenna uses two distinct flexible substrates, namely polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with dimension 43.5x36.89x0.175 mm3, and Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 with dimension 48.5x49.66x1.58 mm3 categorized under materials, namely plastic and circuit (microfiber reinforced PTFE) material respectively. The approach has been demonstrated for a simple, compact flexible antenna with reduced dimension by 5.37% for PET, and 23.96% for RT 5880 as compared to the conventional rectangular patch design parameters. The resonant frequencies of the designed antennas are 2.435 GHz and 2.45 GHz for PET, and Rogers RT/Duroid 5880, respectively, with a bandwidth of 73.2MHz for RT/Duroid, and 16.8 MHz for PET. The maximum observed directivity of the proposed antenna using PET and Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 are 5.15 dBi, and 6.117 dBi, respectively, at 2.45 GHz. Furthermore, characterization for performance variation is carried out through bending analysis for different curvatures and Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) analysis in order to demonstrate its suitability for direct integration with wearable biomedical sensing chips used for medical telemetry.

Massive multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) arrays are becoming critical elements in cellular base station infrastructure. We utilize the theory of characteristic modes (TCM) to design a novel trimodal broadside antenna element that is suitable for constructing compact massive MIMO arrays. The proposed antenna element consists of three ports, formed by reviewing an existing compact two-port Y-shaped patch antenna from a TCM perspective. Using this perspective, the Y-shaped antenna is modified into a snowflake-shaped patch antenna and excited by three ports via capacitive coupling. The advantage of this design approach is that the size of the three-port antenna is approximately the same as a conventional dual-polarized patch antenna, hence allowing 50% more antenna elements for the same array aperture. By cutting the ground plane into a hexagonal shape, a multiple of the proposed three-port canonical antennas are concatenated together to form 21- and 102-port massive MIMO arrays with all radiation patterns pointing in the broadside direction. Key performance characteristics of the massive MIMO arrays, i.e., the Hermitian product of the simulated massive MIMO channel and mutual coupling, validate the effectiveness of the compact design.