SMART CANE WITH OBSTACLES DETECTION

Generally, blind people use a traditional cane (known as white cane) for moving from one place to another. Although, white cane is the international symbol of blindness, it could not help them to detect place and to avoid obstacles. In this paper, we represent a model of walking stick for blind people. It consists of GPS module, GPS Antenna, Arduino, ultrasonic sensor and buzzer. This stick can detect place and obstacles. Position detection part is done with GPS module and GPS antenna. Ultrasonic sensor is used for detecting obstacles. Here, the buzzer produces two types of sound. When the blind reaches to his destination, buzzer buzzes continuously. When the blind faces any obstacles, buzzer buzzes with interruption. By discovering these two types of sound, blind can be confirmed about his destination and also can avoid obstacles in front of him. The whole system is designed to be small, light and is used in conjunction with the white cane so that it could ensure safety of the blind.

There are several hassles in daily life for visually challenged people. In light of this, it is very important to focus on the needs of those who are visually impaired. To help people who are vision impaired to enjoy normal lives, researchers approach the issue from a variety of angles. The white cane is the support system and it enables a sense of being free, independent and self-assured. They can easily take care of their daily tasks thanks to the proposed smart cane's design, which includes an obstacle detection module, heat detection, water detection, light detection, pit and staircase detection using Infrared (IR) sensors, Global Positioning System (GPS), and Global System for Mobile (GSM). The obstacle detection module detects obstacles using ultrasonic range and a camera, intimating the user of the obstacle's detection as well as details about the obstacle. The Raspberry Pi is used to send a voice message through the headset to the visually impaired user regarding the information about what the object is. The person's current location is determined using the GPS and provided as a text message as well as a voice message using a headset. Raspberry Pi is made use of to identify traffic lights, and it notifies the user via a headset whether to wait for the signal or move. If the blind person loses the cane, none of the above mentioned conveniences are available. To accomplish this, an alarm is fixed inside the smart cane which is coupled to their mobile phones. This alarm is used for finding the smart cane if it is missing or placed elsewhere.

In our society, blind people consist a wide number of individuals. In order to improve the quality of life of a blind person, the smart cane was therefore created. This project aims to develop a smart cane for the blind with an ultrasonic sensor and an audio feedback system. This embedded system will mainly have two parts; the system of mobility and feedback. It was been fitted with an ultrasonic sensor for the mobility system, while the vibrating motor and audio input will provide input from the ultrasonic and the vibrating module. An Ultrasonic sensor was used to send the signal to the vibrating motor as soon as an obstacle is detected, which in turn triggers it. With audio feedback alerting the user of the presence of the obstacle, the vibrating motor vibrates with various strengths according to the distance of the obstacle. One major component incorporated into this embedded system is an ATmega328 single-chip microcontroller which was programed in the c language of which the original programing was written with Matlab. It involves the use of a convolution neural network which was trained on the CIFAR 10 dataset. This dataset was chosen because of its composition of images of objects likely to be found as obstacles on a blind man's path. A 93.8% accuracy was obtained from an unsupervised learning on the data set, after which the C Matlab coder was used to translate the source code into C language for effective embedding into the ATmega328 microcontroller.

Our work is aimed to design and construct the smart cane. The infrared laser-based sensor was used as a distance detector and Arduino board was used as a microcontroller. On the other hand, Bluetooth was used as a wireless communicator and MP3 module together with the headset were used as a voice alert player. Our smart cane is a very effective device for the users under the indoor guidance. That is, the obstacle was detectable 3,000 cm away from the blind people. The white cane was assembled with the laser distance sensor and distance alert sensor served as the compact and light-weight device. Distance detection was very fast and precise when the smart cane was tested for the different obstacles, such as human, wall and wooden table under the indoor area.

The study focus on a simple method of detecting the obstacle and route by using an ultrasonic sensor that can detect a hole or stair with maximum range about 2 meter. As we can see Blind people is having their trouble to do their life routines because they can’t see even a single things. With our idea, we want to help this kind of people to live their life freely. This ultrasonic blind stick have a several feature that surely can help this blind people to navigate routes and detect an obstacle that surely can make their life routines easier. The user just need to use the blind the normal blind stick , the different is , blind people can detect a hole or stair more faster and easily. Besides that, guardian or user of the blind waking stick can find their stick by remote if they misplaced them.

This paper describes the process of implementing an electronic system for the detection of different types of obstacles in a white cane, focused on improving the daily mobilization of people with visual disabilities. The system consists of an ultrasonic sensor implemented on a stepper motor, in order to detect possible obstacles, with a working range between 0.5 m and 5 m in distance and between 90° left and 90°right in detection, also, a sound module and a buzzer will be implemented in the handle of the cane, in order to alert the disabled person in an efficient way about possible obstacles that may occur around them. An Android application was also designed; the mobile application communicates with the White cane through a GPS and GSM module, to help locate the visually disabled person, in the place where he is, sending the Parameter of longitude and latitude, all in a text message, so that a relative can access to the application and visualizes through Google Maps the exact location of the disabled person that owns the smart cane.

For a long time, visually impaired person uses a white cane to guide their way when travel outside. The white cane has been useful for the blinds in improving their mobility but unfortunately the white cane has its limitation. One of the shortcomings of the white cane is that, it could only detect the obstacles that are within the contact ranges of the white cane. This problem sometimes could cause the blind person to be in trouble because of insufficient time to detect and warn new obstacles in front of the blind person. This research proposes a walking stick system that has two functions; to classify an obstacles height whether it is low or high and to detect a front hole. The ability to detect the height of an obstacle will help the visually impaired to either step over or avoid the obstacle. The ability to detect a hole should help the visually impaired to avoid it in time. The walking stick will use two ultrasonic sensors for the detection of obstacle height, and a laser sensor for the detection of hole. A controller will be used to monitor and analyze the data from the sensors and feedback to the user through a vibration sensor and buzzer. The algorithm to differentiate the height of obstacles is working well and it is able to differentiate high or low obstacles. The laser ranging sensor has successfully been tested for hole detection. Therefore, the walking stick with ultrasonic and laser sensors will help more visually impaired to move around much faster and feeling more safer due to improved warning system for their movement.

Today innovation is enhancing every day in various viewpoints so as to give adaptable and safe development to the general population. Outwardly disabled individuals discover troubles recognizing obstacles before them, amid strolling in the road, which makes it unsafe. The smart cane has a system that empower them to see and differentiate the obstacles. Moving with the assistance of a white cane is a slippery errand for the outwardly tested. The smart cane is equipped with infrared and ultrasonic sensor that helps in detecting the obstacles. At the base of the smart cane there is a water sensor which detects and dodges puddles. When it recognizes any obstacle, it activates the sound system and the vibration motor. On detecting obstructions the sensor passes this information to the micro-controller. The micro-controller then procedures this information and computes if the object is sufficiently close. In the event that the object is not that close the circuit does nothing. In the event that the object is close the micro-controller sends a signal to sound a buzzer. GPS system provides the information about the current location in case of an emergency.

Transportation and mobility is a great challenge for visually challenged people. As the world becomes more sophisticated by leveraging the modern innovative technologies, the same can be tapped to aid the navigation of the blind people. The most conventional way is to use a walking stick or using a dog for guidance. Thanks to the advent and vast deployment of sensors in various applications. The next era in the deployment of sensor is its integration in Internet of Things (IoT) where intelligence can be inculcated in every object on the earth. There are many objects moving around like vehicles, crowds etc. It is hard to maneuver in these without colliding for the visually challenged people. The Visually Impaired Person (VCP) need a tool to help them navigate through the roads as there are many uncertainties for them to be calculative. The recent growth technology can help many people who are visually challenged and those who need assistance with their day to day activities. Our product “Smart shoe” helps the blind to navigate in an efficient way along with the crowd. This work aims to provide efficient and cheap alternatives that can be affordable and efficient to support blind people navigation.

People’s lives have become easier and simpler as technology has proliferated. This is especially true with the Internet of Things (IoT). The biggest problem for blind people is figuring out how to get where they want to go. People with good eyesight need to help these people. Smart shoes are a technique that helps blind people find their way when they walk. So, a special shoe has been made to help blind people walk safely without worrying about running into other people or solid objects. In this research, we are making a new safety system and a smart shoe for blind people. The system is based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology and uses three ultrasonic sensors to allow users to hear and react to barriers. It has ultrasonic sensors and a microprocessor that can tell how far away something is and if there are any obstacles. Water and flame sensors were used, and a sound was used to let the person know if an obstacle was near him. The sensors use Global Positioning System (GPS) technology to detect motion from almost every side to keep an eye on them and ensure they are safe. To test our proposal, we gave a questionnaire to 100 people. The questionnaire has eleven questions, and 99.1% of the people who filled it out said that the product meets their needs.

It is well known that visually disabled people often find it difficult to interact with their nearby environment. In this paper, we propose a design and show the real-time implementation of the smart embedded blind stick. The main components of the Smart Blind Stick comprise Arduino Uno, Ultrasonic Sensor, IR sensor, GPS sensor, and Buzzer. Here, the ultrasonic sensor and IR sensor are used for obstacle detection in the path of blind person, buzzer is used to make the person alert and GPS sensor is used to track the blind person if she or he lost their path. Arduino microcontroller will be used to control the whole scenario, where the smart stick is a closed-loop system to monitor the nearby environment continuously, and send us the output, by comparing the input result in the form of a buzzer sound.KeywordsIOTMicrocontrollerBlind stickSensorVisual impairmentArduino UnoObstacleUltrasonic sensorETA

This paper presents the smart walking cane based on ultrasonic sensors, Arduino UNO and concepts of Machine Learning and CNN for visually impaired people. There are approximately 37 million people across the globe who are blind according to the World Health Organization (WHO). People with visual disabilities are often dependent on external assistance which can be provided by Humans, trained dogs, or special aid devices. Thus we are motivated to develop a smart walking stick which not only detects object but also detect the floor, surrounding along with collision detection and raises an alarm in case of any mishap. The system was designed, programmed using C language and tested for accuracy. Our devise can detect objects within 5m of distance

A new way to teach advanced undergraduate and graduate students the theory of estimation and detection is described. The paper shows that the global system mobile (GSM) radio interface is well suited to the teaching of estimation and detection theory because it entails the understanding and application of several concepts within estimation and detection, as well as information theory, signal processing, and radio-wave propagation. With GSM now a mature system with specifications available in the public domain, the students created an open-source (OS) GSM simulator, including all four modulation and coding schemes (MCS 1,2,3,4) with puncturing, a channel estimator, a minimum phase prefilter, a Max log maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) equalizer, and a convolutional decoder. Studying and understanding the theory of estimation and detection is now possible by creating algorithms for the simulator and evaluating the impact of the algorithm on the GSM block error rate (BLER). Several experiments that are possible with the simulator are described.

In this era of evolving technologies, most of the human interactions with the electronic devices are becoming smart. For elderly and blind people, it may be difficult to use mouse and keyboard for every operation especially when watching videos in computer, increasing or decreasing of volume and play pause, and when using web browsers, scrolling up or down and swapping of the taps. This paper has tried to provide solutions to the above-mentioned problem by reducing the usage of mouse and keyboard using IOT technologies. Gesture recognition is one of the essential techniques to build user-friendly interface. This paper deals with Human Computer Interaction(HCI) consists of hardware components such as Arduino UNO and the ultrasonic sensors with the software components such as Arduino and Python IDLE for exchanging the information or communication between the user and machine.

The increasing use of wireless communication technologies has made IoT and machine-to-machine (M2M) connections crucial to a wide range of industries. Smart buildings are an excellent example of an IoT/M2M application. Issues such as a lack of a convergent solution, high costs, restricted wireless transmission range, user-unfriendly interfaces, and the inability to integrate IoT and M2M technologies. Consequently, this article suggests a more effective method for for Machine-to-Machine (M2M) and The Internet of things smart building systems: heterogeneous wireless networks that include both WSNs and MCNs. The suggested system is a cost-effective embedded system that includes Several functional actuators, sensors, and modules for Arduino and NodeMCU, ESP32CAM boards allow for data collection and control across a variety of heterogeneous communication methods like Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and global system for Mobile (GSM). All collected data is issued to the ThingSpeak platform, allowing the building system to be monitored via the Thing Speak webpage or the UR Smarthome app. One of the researchs most important results is that it can give the server precise information with extremely little delay, allowing users to quickly control and monitor remotely the proposed system that consists of several innovative services names indoor applications(fire detection and gas leakage detection, intrusion alarm by ultrasonic, medicine reminder by RTC module, light and fan control, smart door) and outdoor applications(garden irrigation by soil moisture and DHT11, air quality, smart parking ). Our free mobile application UR Smarthome, which is a local server that controls and monitors the building from a distance, is used to plan and execute all of these services that provides remote control and monitor of the building via Bluetooth/ Cellular networks and Wi-Fi access. With its customizable features, this IoT/M2M smart building system can be tailored to the demands of its users, enhancing their quality of life and safety while using less energy. In addition, identifying and lowering risks, it assists in preventing the loss of resources and human lives. KEYWORDS— Converged networks, heterogeneous networks (HetNets), Internet of Things (IoT)/machine-to-machine (M2M), mobile application, mobile cellular networks (MCNs), smart building, wireless sensor networks (WSNs)