Smart Gloves used for Blind Visually Impaired using Wearable Technology

To develop refined agriculture and improve Agricultural productivity, a new monitoring system has been proposed in this paper. Based on the actual situation of early agriculture and the actual national conditions of China, Geographic Information System (GIS) technology and Global Positioning System (GPS) technology have been combined. Based on the combination of GIS technology and GPS technology, the results show that the position of field vehicles can be displayed in the electronic MAP in real time within 5% error. On this basis, Agricultural production and cultivation can be realized, and the monitoring system can realize the real-time display of vehicle location in the field on electronic MAP to guide production and cultivation. The static test shows that the positioning accuracy of the four GPS receivers is the worst, and the positioning accuracy of MAP330 receiver and GPS25 receiver is better. However, the positioning accuracy of AGl32 receiver is the highest with the 0.37m error when compared with the error of 1.2m of other machines. Using GPS to measure the area, the error of farmland area and farmland side length is less than 5%, and the precision AGl32 receiver for precision Agricultural measurement is also improved with the proposed model.

In this paper, a smart blind stick guidance model for visually disabled citizens has been presented. Ultrasonic sensor is added to the transmitter and receiver of the stick. If there is an obstacle in the path buzzer or voice module will alert the blind person. The pulse and spo2 sensor are used to monitor the pulse rate and oxygen level of the blind person. The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a radio navigation system that provides reliable positioning, navigation, and timing services to civilian users on a continuous worldwide basis. For anyone with a GPS receiver, the system will provide location and time information for an unlimited number of people in all weather, day and night, anywhere in the world. GPS based blind man device with user input interfacing (remote controlled based) intellectually finds the current location and gives the alert to the blind man if it was his destination area. Node MCU is the heart of the device. It stores the data of the current location which it receives from the GPS system, so that it can make use if the data stored to compare with the destination location of the user. By this it can trace out the distance from the destination and produce an alarm to alert the user in advance. Here instead of an alarm sound the blind man can directly hear the location recorded by the user itself.

Global positioning system (GPS) is a satellite navigation system which delivers specially coded satellite signals that can be communicated in a GPS receiver, allowing the receiver to compute position, velocity and time of the object. GPS technology contained the space segment, control segment and the user segment. The most essential part of GPS system, the GPS receiver and user communities are present in user segment. GPS receiver acquires signals and converts the radio signals into position, velocity and time estimates1. Google Earth is not a geographic information system (GIS) with the extensive analytical capacities, but it is much easier than those high performance analytical software packages.

Objective: To investigate longitudinal impacts of home modifications on the difficulty of performing everyday life tasks for people aging with disabilities, and to investigate whether other factors had any additional impacts on difficulty in everyday life tasks for people receiving home modifications. Methods: The sample consisted of 103 persons aging with disabilities and in need of home modifications, divided into an intervention group and a comparison group. The data were first subjected to Rasch analysis and a random coefficient model was used. Results: Participants in the intervention group reported a significantly lower level of difficulty in everyday life tasks compared with those in the comparison group. One confounding factor, number of months waiting for home modification, had an impact on difficulty in everyday life. Conclusion: Home modifications are effective in decreasing difficulty in performing everyday life tasks up to six months after the installation. Furthermore, to be effective home modifications need to be installed in a timely fashion. For each consecutive month the person waited for their home modification the difficulty of performing everyday life tasks increased. Therefore, it is important that home modifications be installed as soon as possible after the need has been identified.

Success of airborne gravity surveys mainly depends on determining the three-dimensional (3D) position of the moving platform. Recent advances in technology, especially the Global Positioning System (GPS), have made it possible to determine the velocity and position of the moving platform more frequently and with greater accuracy. Taking advantage of these advances in GPS technology, and using a newly developed system, helicopter-borne gravity measurements were successfully carried out over the Kanto and Tokai districts of Japan. This new gravimeter system is composed of servo accelerometer sensors, a stabilised platform, an optical-fibre gyroscope to control the stabilised platform, GPS receivers, and a data processor.The 3D position of the helicopter at every second was accurately determined by the interferometric GPS method. These GPS data were also used to compute various correction factors which are applied to the measured gravity acceleration. Real-time differential GPS positioning was also conducted using a separate receiver mounted on the helicopter. These real-time positioning data were used for controlling the optical-fibre gyroscope. The gravity acceleration data were processed and all necessary corrections were applied. Numerical filtering was carried out to remove high-frequency noise in the data. The observed free-air gravity anomalies were then compared with upward continuation of the ground gravity data to the flight altitude. We also compiled an airborne gravity anomaly map from the airborne data, which was compared with upward-continued ground gravity data.

This study aims to compare the outcomes of cataract surgery using Patient reported outcome measures (PROM) between a general tertiary hospital setting and an outreach cataract centre. PROM reports the benefits of surgery from the point of view of the patient instead of a clinical evaluation, which reduces the biases by practitioners. Prospective Cohort Analysis. Patients were recruited at Hospital Selayang and The Hospital Selayang-MAIWP Cataract Care Centre (Pusat Pembedahan Katarak Hospital Selayang-MAIWP or PPKM in Malay) prior to their cataract surgery between 1 July 2022 and 30 October 2022. Printed Questionnaires were given to patients according to their language preferences, i.e. English, Malay Language and Mandarin. The Catquest-9SF questionnaires were completed prior to their cataract surgery and 6weeks post-surgery. Patient demographics, visual acuity and data were retrieved from electronic medical records at both centres. Mean comparisons between centres were made for post-operative visual acuity in LogMar and post-operative Catquest-9SF scores. Logistic regression analysis was performed for each domain of the Catquest-9SF to the patient's demographic data, underlying illnesses, first eye surgery, pre-operative, and post-operative visual acuity. Both centres revealed identical demographic constitution of patients. By comparing means of post operative visual acuity and post operative Catquest-9SF scores, there were no significant differences between the two centres. This is also supported by the improvement/ non-improvement of Catquest-9SF scores, which showed no significant difference between the two centres. Patients from Hospital Selayang had higher percentages of improvements with subcategories Ca (difficulty in everyday life), Cb (satisfaction with current sight), C2 (Recognising faces), and C5 (Seeing to do handicrafts, woodwork). Logistic regression analysis revealed that pre-op visual acuity appears to be associated with an improvement of functional daily fine visual acuity tasks, whilst patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were associated with leisure associated fine visual acuity tasks. Patients with hypertension however were associated with significant improvements in domains Ca (difficulty in everyday life), C3 (seeing prices of goods), C5 (Seeing to do handicrafts, woodwork) and C6 (Reading Subtitles). Improvements in patient reported visual functioning were not significantly different between the two centres. This validates the dedicated outreach cataract centres as places where good clinical and patient reported outcomes can be achieved.

Walking difficulties are common in neurological and other disorders, as well as among the elderly. There is a need for reliable and valid instruments for measuring walking difficulties in everyday life since existing gait tests are clinician rated and focus on situation specific capacity. The Walk-12G was adapted from the 12-item multiple sclerosis walking scale as a generic patient-reported rating scale for walking difficulties in everyday life. The aim of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the Walk-12G in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The Walk-12G was translated into Swedish and evaluated qualitatively among 25 people with and without various neurological and other conditions. Postal survey (MS, n=199; PD, n=189) and clinical (PD, n=36) data were used to test its psychometric properties. Respondents considered the Walk-12G relevant and easy to use. Mean completion time was 3.5min. Data completeness was good (<5% missing item responses) and tests of scaling assumptions supported summing item scores to a total score (corrected item-total correlations >0.6). Coefficient alpha and test-retest reliabilities were >0.9, and standard errors of measurement were 2.3-2.8. Construct validity was supported by correlations in accordance with a priori expectations. Results are similar to those with previous Walk-12G versions, indicating that scale adaptation was successful. Data suggest that the Walk-12G meets rating scale criteria for clinical trials, making it a valuable complement to available gait tests. Further studies involving other samples and application of modern psychometric methods are warranted to examine the scale in more detail.

Global positioning system (GPS) technology has revolutionized the study of carnivores. Researchers commonly estimate kill rates with GPS data using the following steps. Firstly, researchers mark individual animals and fit them with GPS collars. Next, they visit a subset of "GPS clusters" (aggregated location data) during field surveys and assign spatiotemporal covariates associated with predation and non-predation events. Lastly, they develop predictive models with data collected in the field to estimate the probability that each cluster they did not visit in the field was a predation event. Such predation models help reduce field efforts and save money; however, these models are prone to error when carnivores eat prey of different sizes or exhibit shorter-than-expected handling times. We simulated reduced field efforts to investigate the reliability of predictive modeling in determining diet composition and detecting predation events for 3 puma (Puma concolor) populations with different prey assemblages and potential effects on handling time of carcasses. We visited a total 1,896 clusters in Chilean Patagonia, Colorado, and California, of which 1,752 clusters (~92%) were included to build and test predation models. Across all study areas, the total time a puma spent at a cluster was the only reliable predictor of a cluster being a predation event. When we reduced field efforts by selectively removing GPS clusters < 12 and < 24 h in length, model performance improved but produced inaccurate results. Predation models underestimated the number of predation events in California and Colorado and significantly over- or underestimated the number of predation events in Patagonia. Selectively reducing field efforts also reduced the diversity and evenness of prey we recorded in puma diets. Randomly reducing field efforts, in contrast, reduced the precision of model estimates. Our results highlight the importance of conducting intensive fieldwork over predation modeling to measure prey selection and kill rates of carnivores. La tecnología de Sistemas de Posicionamiento Global (GPS) han revolucionado el estudio de los carnívoros. Los investigadores comúnmente estiman las tasas de obtención de presas con datos de GPS. Primero, los investigadores marcan animales individuales y luego examinan un subconjunto de "conglomerados" (datos agregados de ubicación) a nivel de campo; luego, asignan covariables espaciotemporales asociadas con eventos de depredación y sitios sin obtención de presas; por último, desarrollan modelos predictivos que estiman la probabilidad de que cada agregado que no visitaron en campo corresponda a un evento de depredación. Los modelos de depredación reducen los esfuerzos de campo y ahorran dinero; sin embargo, dichos modelos son propensos a error cuando los carnívoros consumen presas de diferentes tamaños o exhiben tiempos de procesamiento más cortos de lo esperado. Simulamos esfuerzos de campo reducidos para investigar la confiabilidad del modelaje predictivo para la determinación de la composición de la dieta y los eventos de depredación de tres poblaciones de puma (Puma concolor) en la Patagonia chilena, Colorado y California, con diferentes conjuntos de presas y efectos sobre el tiempo de procesamiento de las carcasas. Revisamos 1,896 conglomerados en el campo, de los cuales se incluyeron 1,752 (~92%) para construir y comprobar modelos predictivos de depredación. El tiempo total que un puma pasó en un conglomerado fue el único predictor confiable de que éste fuera un evento de depredación en el área de estudio. Cuando redujimos los esfuerzos de campo removiendo selectivamente conglomerados de GPS con <12 horas y 24 horas de duración, el rendimiento del modelo mejoró (determinado con curvas ROC y validación cruzada de k-iteraciones) pero produjo resultados inexactos. Estos modelos subestimaron el número de eventos de depredación en California y Colorado, y sobre- y subestimaron significativamente la cantidad de eventos de depredación en la Patagonia. La reducción selectiva de los esfuerzos de campo también redujo la diversidad de presas que registramos en las dietas de puma. En contraposición, con la reducción aleatoria de los esfuerzos de campo, se redujo la precisión de las estimaciones del modelo. Nuestros resultados resaltan la importancia del trabajo de campo intensivo respecto al modelado de conglomerados para medir la selección de presas y las tasas de depredación de carnívoros medianos y grandes.

Abstract— Vehicle tracking system using GPS and GPRS integration googlemap provide information that is maximized with the technology of GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver which can indicate the position of the vehicle with the map and the ability of the appointment of direction and position coordinates (x, y or latitude, longitude) textually and visual at any location. Vehicle tracking system is built using equipment GIS (Geographic Information System) and dedicated to smartphones which support Global Positioning System (GPS), as well as portable computers, using General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) as a connection to the internet. The hardware used is a smartphone that supports GPS with supporting tools used are GoogleMaps, Notepad + +, NetBeans IDE 6.5.1, Mysql, Java (J2ME), PHP, JavaScript. The results of this system in the form of tracking system capable of monitoring the movement of vehicles on an ongoing position by utilizing GPS and GPRS as the sender of the wireless data and Internet connections. Keywords— GIS, GPS, GPRS, googlemaps, J2ME,

This paper presents a model to predict the GDOP value (Geometric Dilution of Precision) and the probability of its occurrence at a point in space and time using airborne LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data and the ultra-rapid product (URP) available from the International GPS Service. LiDAR data help to classify the terrain around a GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver into categories such as ground, opaque objects, translucent objects and transparent regions as per their response to the transmission of GPS signal. Through field experiments it is established that URP can be used satisfactorily to determine GDOP. Further experiments have shown that the translucent objects (mainly trees here) lower the GDOP quality as they obstruct the GPS signal. LiDAR data density on trees is used as a measure of the translucency of trees to the GPS signal. Through GPS observations taken in field a relationship has been established between LiDAR data density on trees and the probability that a satellite which is behind the tree is visible at the GPS receiver. A model is presented which, for all possible combinations of visible satellites, computes the GDOP value along with the probability of occurrence of this GDOP. A few results are presented to show the performance of the model developed and its possible application in location based queries.

This paper gives a structure of the software Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver and details the use of matched filter in the acquisition unit. With this new architecture, the GPS receiver is able to acquire 3 satellites simultaneously without any increase in hardware, and save the mean acquisition time to about 1/3. To further reduce the area and power consumption, several strategies have been employed in the design of matched filter. The final chip of the software GPS receiver is fully tested and already tapped out. The implementation result will be back in September 2005

Purpose: Hamstring injuries are among the most prevalent injuries in elite sport with high rates of recurrence. Global Positioning System (GPS) technology has been widely implemented to measure the movement of athletes. The purpose of this scoping review is to examine how GPS technology is used to manage hamstring injuries during high-speed running. Methods: A scoping review was conducted within Embase, CINAHLComplete, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus. Studies were included if they used objective GPS metrics and investigated their relationship to hamstring injuries or risk factors. Studies were excluded if they did not report hamstring injuries separately. Results: 3950 articles were reviewed and 15 met inclusion criteria. Most studies were conducted with elite male soccer players. The most common GPS metrics reported included total distance traveled, high speed running distance over 24 km/hour, the acute to chronic workload ratio, and efforts exceeding 80% of maximum speed. Clinical relevance: The current literature on GPS monitoring for hamstring injury management focuses on elite male soccer players, with limitations due to varying injury definitions and a lack of prospective trials. Clinicians may consider managing high-speed running loads above 24 km/h and 80% of maximum speed to modify hamstring injury risk in elite male soccer players.

The global positioning system (GPS) can be utilised to detect ground deformations of the surface of a volcano. Ground deformation monitoring is considered one of the most effective tools for investigating the behaviour of active volcanoes. The decreasing cost of GPS hardware, together with the increased reliability of the technology, facilitates such demanding applications. GPS ground deformation measurements can be continuous, automatic, conducted in all weather conditions, and provide three-dimensional positioning results. Higher computing power also means that the complex mathematics required to process GPS baselines can be easily handled in near real time. During the past few years a methodology has been developed for processing data collected by GPS networks consisting of a mixed set of single-frequency and dual-frequency receivers. The strategy is to deploy a few permanent, ‘fiducial’ GPS stations with dual-frequency, geodetic-grade receivers surrounding an ‘inner’ network of low-cost, single-frequency GPS receivers. Such a configuration offers considerable flexibility and cost savings for geodynamic applications such as volcano deformation monitoring, which require a dense spatial coverage of GPS stations, and where it is not possible to establish permanent GPS networks using only expensive dual-frequency instrumentation. This configuration has recently been tested at the Mt. Papandayan volcano in West Java, Indonesia. The two-stage network design consists of an inner network of four single-frequency Canadian Marconi (CM) GPS receivers surrounded by three dual-frequency Leica CRS1000 GPS receivers. The inner network logged and transmitted GPS data from the ‘slave’ stations located on the volcano, to a base station. The combined processing of the CM and Leica receiver data was performed off-line so as to investigate the performance of such a mixed-mode system. The basis of the processing methodology is to separate the dual-frequency, ‘fiducial’ station data processing from the baseline processing involving the single-frequency receivers on the volcano. The data processing for the former was carried out using a modified version of the Bernese software, to generate a file of ‘corrections’ (analogous to Wide Area DGPS correction models for the distance dependent biases – primarily due to atmospheric refraction). These ‘corrections’ were then applied to the double-differenced phase observations from the inner receivers to improve the baseline accuracies. A description of the field testing (and its challenges) during February–March 2000, together with a discussion of some of the results are presented.

Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles Official Document Tracking System with IPhone using GPS and RFID Technology Case Study: Kasetsart University Si Racha Campus, Thailand by Puchong Subpratatsavee, Supaporn Dangseekaew, Chotirod Supsanung, Pornchanok Srisay, Apinya Chanapim, Sompong Kwangtong, Chutimon Tiensai in the Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Science and Applications (ICISA), May 2014 After careful and considered review of the content and authorship of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE's Publication Principles. This paper copied original text from the sources cited below. The original text was copied without attribution (including appropriate references to the original author(s) and/or paper/source title) and without permission. Due to the nature of this violation, reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper, and future references should be made to the following sources: What is RFID? by EPC RFID Info available on http://www.epc-rfid.info/rfid January 2013 Global Positioning System (GPS) by Fred Zahradnik available on http://gps.about.com/od/glossary/g/GPS.htm?p=1 September 2008 Book Tracking Application in Android for Library Using GPS by Akhil Choudari, Sankalp Joshi, Akshay Bembalkar, Nainesh Marathe, L.J. Sankpal in the International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, Vol 1, Issue 1, March 2013, pp. 30-34 This official document tracking system the concept of enhancing real physical world with an extra layer of information. The project is built around the innovative use of GPS to navigate the office in the office of Faculty of Science at Si RaCha department, Kasetsart University Si Racha Campus, Thailand for case study. This will enable the department to live on general administration officer mobile phone at any time of day. Updated data, location, and amount of official document in office building will provide the raw material for creating layers of graphical and multimedia content which can be accessed and viewed by iPhone using RFID and GPS technology.

This paper presents a new approach to estimate the true position of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in the conditions of spoofing attacks on global positioning system (GPS) receivers. This approach consists of two phases, the spoofing detection phase which is accomplished by hypothesis test and the trajectory estimation phase which is carried out by applying the adapted particle filters to the integrated inertial navigation system (INS) and GPS. Due to nonlinearity and unfavorable impacts of spoofing signals on GPS receivers, deviation in position calculation is modeled as a cumulative uniform error. This paper also presents a procedure of applying adapted particle swarm optimization filter (PSOF) to the INS/GPS integration system as an estimator to compensate spoofing attacks. Due to memory based nature of PSOF and benefits of each particle’s experiences, application of PSOF algorithm in the INS/GPS integration system leads to more precise positioning compared with general particle filter (PF) and adaptive unscented particle filer (AUPF) in the GPS spoofing attack scenarios. Simulation results show that the adapted PSOF algorithm is more reliable and accurate in estimating the true position of UAV in the condition of spoofing attacks. The validation of the proposed method is done by root mean square error (RMSE) test.