SMART VEHICLE CYBERSECURITY: IMPLEMENTING AN AUTONOMOUS AND ADAPTIVE INTRUSION RESPONSE SYSTEM

Autonomous and connected vehicles are rapidly evolving, integrating numerous technologies and software. This progress, however, has made them appealing targets for cybersecurity attacks. As the risk of cyber threats escalates with this advancement, the focus is shifting from solely preventing these attacks to also mitigating their impact. Current solutions rely on vehicle security operation centers, where attack information is analyzed before deciding on a response strategy. However, this process can be time-consuming and faces scalability challenges, along with other issues stemming from vehicle connectivity. This paper proposes a dynamic intrusion response system integrated within the vehicle. This system enables the vehicle to respond to a variety of incidents almost instantly, thereby reducing the need for interaction with the vehicle security operation center. The system offers a comprehensive list of potential responses, a methodology for response evaluation, and various response selection methods. The proposed solution was implemented on an embedded platform. Two distinct cyberattack use cases served as the basis for evaluating the system. The evaluation highlights the system’s adaptability, its ability to respond swiftly, its minimal memory footprint, and its capacity for dynamic system parameter adjustments. The proposed solution underscores the necessity and feasibility of incorporating dynamic response mechanisms in smart vehicles. This is a crucial factor in ensuring the safety and resilience of future smart mobility.

Is forecasting ability a stable trait? While domain knowledge and reasoning abilities are necessary for making accurate forecasts, research shows that knowing how accurate forecasters have been in the past is the best predictor of future accuracy. However, unlike the measurement of other traits, evaluating forecasting skill requires substantial time investment. Forecasters must make predictions about events that may not resolve for many days, weeks, months, or even years into the future before their accuracy can be estimated. Our work builds upon methods such as cultural consensus theory and proxy scoring rules to show talented forecasters can be discriminated in real time, without requiring any event resolutions. We define a peer similarity-based intersubjective evaluation method and test its utility in a unique longitudinal forecasting experiment. Because forecasters predicted all events at the same points in time, many of the confounds common to forecasting tournaments or observational data were eliminated. This allowed us to demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in real time, as time progressed and more information about forecasters became available. Intersubjective accuracy scores, which can be obtained immediately after the forecasts are made, were both valid and reliable estimators of forecasting talent. We also found that asking forecasters to make meta-predictions about what they expect others to believe can serve as an incentive-compatible method of intersubjective evaluation. Our results indicate that selecting small groups of, or even single forecasters, based on intersubjective accuracy can yield subsequent forecasts that approximate the actual accuracy of much larger crowd aggregates. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

In this paper we present an improved algorithm that traces a track path in real time using GPS and Accelerometer data. In our previous work, we proposed the utilization of a small, 16-bit processor in conjunction with a stand-alone GPS receiver to gather GPS information through a wristwatch-like device for runners. However, two problematic findings arose during the course of our research: the generation of erroneous raw GPS data and limited memory availability. Obtaining a trace of a running path requires a large capacity memory on a wearable GPS device, and this need is aggrandized especially when walking data is collected. This hardware limitation imposes a ceiling on the size of the track file. Thus, it is recommended to derive a method of collecting accurate GPS position data that does so not through the increase in the frequency of data acquisition, but to increase the precision of said data and to reduce erroneous positional information. This proposed method obtains acceptable GPS track paths by applying 3-degree accelerometer data.

We apply linear and non-linear programming to find the solutions for Nash equilibriums and Nash arbitration in game theory problems. Linear programming was shown as a viable method for solving mixed strategy zero-sum games. We review this methodology and suggest a class of zero-sum game theory problems that are well suited for linear programming. We applied this theory of linear programming to non-zero sum games. We suggest and apply a separate formulation for a maximising linear programming problem for each player. We move on the Nash arbitration method and remodel this problem as a non-linear optimisation problem. We take the game's payoff matrix and we form a convex polygon. Having found the status quo point (x*, y*), we maximise the product (x-x*)(y-y*) over the convex polygon using KTC non-linear optimisation techniques. The results give additional insights into game theory analysis.

The object of research is development of a method for finding a safe position for military units in combat conditions, using swarm algorithms and neural networks. One of the most problematic places is the complexity of testing the developed method. The difficulty lies in the fact that to check the method in real time, financial costs and military weapons are necessary.The data are obtained due to a multicriteria problem, which allowed to calculate the errors of subjects and objects of research.The obtained results show that the hybrid method allowed to calculate the safe position with greater accuracy, namely by 25–50 % more accurately than using the classical approach. This is due to the fact that the proposed method calculates all possible errors.This makes it possible to obtain the flexibility of the method for finding a safe position. In comparison with the analogous methods known in the formulation of the classical problem of calculating the trajectory and the damage region, only one mathematical value (region, trajectory) is taken into account, and using a hybrid approach one can take into account a number of errors simultaneously. This approach ensures the flexibility of the system and the possibility of expanding a number of mathematical calculations and improving the accuracy of the result.

Objective. To compare the nature of coronary vascular bed lesion, vascular wall stiffness depending on passport and biological and age ratio, and to study microRNA (miRNA) levels in different clinical phenotypes stable coronary artery disease (CAD) (pt) with borderline coronary artery (CA) stenosis. Material and methods. 258 stable angina 1-3 class patients (51 - 19.8% women and 207 - 80.2% men) with borderline CA stenosis and the presence of hypertension were included in the comparative descriptive trial of three parallel groups. All pts along with clinical examination and ultrasound of the heart underwent selective coronary angiography. The passport and biological age ratio were evaluated using a VaSera VS-1500N. Determination of miRNA levels was carried out using the PCR method in real time. Statistical calculations were carried out using the RStudio program (version 2022.07.2+576, USA) and the R language (version 4.1.3 (2022-03-10), Austria). Results. One with the CAD phenotype without diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity (n=115 (44.6%)), the CAD phenotype with type 2 (n = 55 (21.3%)) and CAD with metabolically unfavorable obesity phenotype (MUOP) ([n=88 (34.1%)) prevailed among PTs with borderline CA stenosis when conducting a random sample. The features of the coronary vascular bed lesion are stenosis of the anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery especially in the distal segments in CAD and DM pts. The frequency of the right CA lesion was higher in CAD with the MUOP phenotype, also with more pronounced distal segments. Pts with biological age predominance are characterized by an unborable course of the disease, as a well as cardiometabolic profile. MiRNA concentration assessment revealed increased miRNA-221 levels in CAD with MUOP pts and increased miRNA-22 and -126 levels in CAD and DM pts. Conclusion. Stable patients with CAD with borderline CA stenosis represent a serious condition in prognostic terms due to a long history of hypertension and expressed cardiometabolic associations and a frequent increase in biological age. The assessment of the miRNA levels of these pts is of great interest and represents a promising direction for use in diagnosis and treatment.

This paper describes about development of high efficiency control method for the common leg converter using golden section method. The characteristics of this system are obtained as follows. (1) This system realizes high efficiency, small size, lightweight and low cost, because the adopted conversion circuit is consisted of the common leg type single phase converter/inverter. (2) The converter/inverter system achieves to high efficiency based on the current and voltage follow up control with golden section method in real time. Golden section method is calculated to optimal output voltage of the every legs for get maximum efficiency under the calculated switching and the conducting losses and the desired output voltage of converter/inverter. As a result, it is not only obtained the excellent performances such as 99% power factor, over 94% efficiency, sinusoidal source current and output line voltage but also applied to the three phase system and the active filter.

The elements of the vortex-dipole (VD) dynamics are numerically examined in a nonuniform Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) using the time-dependent Gross–Pitaevskii equation that is solved by the split-step Crank–Nicolson method in real time. The BEC is trapped in a harmonic potential, surrounded by a hard-wall box potential, and stirred by an attractive focusing laser. In this regard, we particularly refer to a recent examination by Aioi et al. (Phys. Rev. X, 1: 021003, 2011) who presented controlled VD generation using a red laser in an infinite homogeneous BEC for comparison. It is found that the dynamics in the present nonuniform BEC is quite different from the one reported earlier by Aioi et al. The elements considered are the phase maps that demonstrate the presence of phase rings, the effects of the coupling constant on the vortex lifetime, the density at the vortex core, and the heating effects of the stirrer. Upon a suitable choice of coupling for our system, a VD generated by the moving fragment is transferred to and trapped by the central BEC cloud. The latter serves as a dissipationless vortex respository, where the lifetime of the VD is extended on demand. An analytical model is presented that qualitatively reproduces the wavefunction with its principle features and provides details inaccessible by the present numerical method such as the coupling between stirrer and BEC.

The monitoring of gas wells is quite challenging principally because the gas supply contract is usually signed before the gas production commences. Consequently, production potential above the daily contractual quantity is normally maintained to ensure that gas demand is met even in the case of unexpected closure of any of the gas wells. Therefore, meeting the gas demand sometimes does not allow regular data acquisition as required. In the approach presented in this study, the well and production data were used to estimate the productivity parameters at the bottom hole condition of a gas well using correlation. The correlation predicts the flowing bottom hole pressure for every set of production data. The estimated flowing bottom hole pressures compare favorably with the measured data. Using the predicted flowing bottom hole pressure, the gas well productivity parameters are determined. The resulting inflow performance relationship of the well demonstrates the reliability of this method in real time well performance evaluation. The application of this method is presented using a gas well that initially had poor performance but which improved significantly after an acid stimulation.

First, motion characteristics of near space hypersonic targets are given and the moving model for aircrafts is built. Then, according to the disadvantage which time sample is a constant when tracking hypersonic targets, an adaptive tracking algorithm of time samples is proposed. This algorithm used the recursion formula method in real time and mixed Singer model with algorithm of IMM. Simulation shows that because of the initial value setting is not reasonable, the new algorithm has bigger local error, but in general, compare with unimproved algorithm, and the new algorithm has better accuracy.

The objective of the research undertaken in this paper is to design a control strategy using a Linear Auto-Regressive Moving-Average Exogenous (ARMAX), which is a mathematical modelling method in real time, which to be implemented into the closed-loop Proportional-Integral controller. The ARMAX model is developed using SIMULINK tool from the MATLAB R2020a software. The Vapour Compression Refrigeration System consists of an evaporator, an expansion valve, a condenser and a compressor which was modified to a variable speed compressor. This modification is required due to the usage of R600a refrigerant that has thermophysical properties that can be described as with a slight change in its pressure will cause a considerable change in its temperature [1]. R600a refrigerant was chosen for this paper, despite the difficulty is due to it is more environmental-friendlier refrigerant compared to other types of refrigerant [2]. Two types of ARMAX model were designed, the first type of ARMAX model will have a polynomial order of \({n}_{a}=2, {n}_{b}=2, {n}_{c}=1\) while the second type of ARMAX model will have a polynomial order of \({n}_{a}=2, {n}_{b}=2, {n}_{c}=2\). Both types of controller were tested and compared the performance in terms of settling time, steady-state error, overshoot and peak-time. From the test conducted, it was found that the controller with the ARMAX model will have a polynomial order of \({n}_{a}=2, {n}_{b}=2, {n}_{c}=1\) has a better overall performance.KeywordsClosed-loop Proportional-Integral (PI) controllerAuto-Regressive Moving-Average Exogenous (ARMAX) modelVapour Compression Refrigeration System (VCRS)R600a refrigerant

Purpose To study SNP rs3025058 association (5a/6a) with development of Acute Cerebrovascular Event in the patients with cardiovascular pathology and risk factors of its development who are representatives of the east Siberian population. Material and methods 260 patients with Acute Cerebrovascular Event participated in a research (age [57.0; 51.0–62.0]) and 272 patients of control group (age [55.0; 51.0–62.0].). Among the patients who transferred Acute Cerebrovascular Event, 157 men and 103 women. The control group included 170 men and 102 women. Inspection of the main group included: collecting complaints, anamnesis, clinical examination, computer tomography of a brain, electrocardiography, echo, ultrasonic of arteries, daily monitoring of arterial blood pressure and cardiac rhythm, analysis of a coagulant system of blood. Patients of the main group had the following cardiovascular pathology and risk factors: arterial hypertension, supraventricular tachycardia, dislipidemiya, atherosclerosis brachiocephalic of arteries, disturbances of a system of a hemostasis. The control group is examined within the international HAPIEE project. The molecular and genetic research was conducted by PCR method in real time. Statistical processing of material was carried out with use of set of the Statistica for Windows 7.0, Excel and SPSS 22 application programs. Results In all analyzed groups and subgroups of patients statistically significant connection between a genotype of 5a/5a and an allele of 5a and in subgroup of women with Acute Cerebrovascular Event, subgroups of patients with AG and hypercoagulation of significant associations of polymorphism rs3025058 (5a/6a) with Acute Cerebrovascular Eventis not revealed. Conclusion A genotype 5a/5a and an allele 5a SNP rs3025058 (5a/6a) increase risk of development of an Acute Cerebrovascular Event in persons of the east Siberian population, including with such risk factors as atherosclerosis the brachiocephalic of arteries and a dislipidemiya. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

This study proposes a target energy trajectory generation method that incorporates virtual passive dynamic walking, which is known as a gait generation method for biped robots, as a control method for a wire-driven powered wear for walking aid. In addition, we developed a gait motion measurement system using IMU to realize the proposed method in real time. By using the proposed method, we expect to realize a gait assist system that provides assistive forces based on the wearer’s current motion.

Nowadays, vision systems are used in many things to run the industries error free with great accuracy, and for that, image processing is one of the keys that is used in this paper. This paper focuses on product differentiation using the colour detection method in real time with the help of MATLAB software. First task is to take snapshot from the web cam and convert that RGB image into HSV image, in this HSV image plays a vital role in colour description as it makes easier, they need luminous of the image. Threshold value of HSV used for differentiating colour, after applying the threshold values some of the corrections are done for avoiding any kind of error like erosion, dilution and holes.

Bubble detection in sodium flow using EVFM and correlation coefficient calculation