Social support and its association with negative affect in adults who stutter

Soutien social, dépression et estime de soi chez les personnes âgées : les résultats d’une analyse en cluster

Child abuse and neglect, social support, and psychopathology in adulthood: A prospective investigation

This study examined the correlation between depressive symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity, and social support before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and verified causal relationships among them. The study used Social Support Scale and Symptom Self-Rating Scale to investigate relevant variables. A total of 1,414 employees from company were recruited for this longitudinal study, which a follow up study was conducted on the same group of participants 1 year later. Paired sample t-test results showed that significant differences were only found in social support, not in depressive symptoms or interpersonal sensitivity. The results of correlation analysis showed that social support, depressive symptoms, and interpersonal sensitivity were significantly correlated between wave 1 and wave 2. The cross-lag autoregressive pathway showed that employees’ social support level, depressive symptoms, and interpersonal sensitivity all showed moderate stability. Crossing paths showed that wave 1 social support could significantly predict wave 2 depressive symptoms (β = −0.21, p < 0.001) and wave 2 interpersonal sensitivity (β = −0.21, p < 0.001). Wave 1 depressive symptoms (β = −0.10, p < 0.01) could significantly predict wave 2 social support, while wave 1 interpersonal sensitivity (β = 0.07, p = 0.10) could not predict wave 2 social support. Social support can be considered as a protective factor against mental health problems.

Objectives : This study aims to explore how social support and social network are related with health behavior. Methods : The target population was 12,449 people in Chungcheongbuk-do. The sample was accrued for the period of 3 months in 2008 by face to face interview of direct visiting from systematic sampling method. The instruments used in this study were social support, social network and health behavior. Results : There was significant difference in the level of social support and social network by sex, age, educational level, occupation, and monthly income(p<0.05). There was significant difference in the level of social support by alcohol drinking, physical exercise. There was significant difference in the level of social network by smoking, alcohol drinking, physical exercise, obesity(p<0.05). Multivarite analysis shows significant difference in the level of social instrumental support by smoking, physical exercise. It shows significant difference in the level of social emotional support by smoking. It also shows significant difference in the level of social network by smoking, physical exercise. Conclusion : These results suggest that social support and social network may be associated with health behavior. Because this study was cross sectional research, the order was not found between social support, social network and health behavior. Through a study on monitoring, we will obtain more information for relationship.

Fatigue is a frequent complaint of hemodialysis patients and occurs after dialysis sessions. Dealing with fatigue in dialysis patients requires effective social support. Hemodialysis patients receive a high level of social support. The study aimed to assess the relationship between social support and fatigue severity among hemodialysis patients. A quantitative descriptive correlational research design was used. The study was conducted in the Artificial Kidney Unit at AL Noor Specialist Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. A convenience sample of 65 adult hemodialysis patients was recruited. Data were collected through two tools; Tool I, Fatigue Severity Scale which consists of two parts; Part I, Socio-demographic and clinical data. Part II, Fatigue Severity Scale to measure the severity of fatigue. Tool II, a Multidimensional scale of perceived social support to measure how much support a patient feels they get from family, friends and significant others. The study results showed that 40.0 % of the studied participants had no fatigue, 35.4 % had mild fatigue, while 23.1 % had moderate fatigue and 1.5 % had severe fatigue. It was found that 52.3 % had moderate social support, 44.6 % had high social support, and 3.1 % had low social support. There was a positive correlation with statistical significance between the severity of fatigue and total social support with p-value 0.016, particularly significant others and family support with p-value 0.001, and 0.030, respectively. It was concluded that there was a relationship between social support and fatigue severity among hemodialysis patients. The current study recommended raising the awareness of family, friends, and special person regarding the importance of social support for hemodialysis patients.

The purposes of our study were to determine the level of total social support, informational support, instrumental support, appraisal support and emotional support received by patients of primary care as well as factors related to this level with reference to health status and sociodemographic variables. The sample for current analysis included 516 patients of primary care clinics in Poland cooperating with medical universities. Questionnaires: STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), SCL-90 (Symptom Checklist-90), EPQ-R (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised), GHQ (General Health Questionnaire)and SSS (Social Support Scale)were used in the study. Results from last two questionnaires are presented in the paper. The highest mean levels were obtained for instrumental support, while the lowest levels were observed for emotional support. The highest means were indicated in the GHQ-28-social dysfunction, the lowest-GHQ-severe depression. Statistically significant relation was found between the level of social support and gender. Less subjectively evaluated total social support as well as instrumental and appraisal support were obtained by women. The highest Spearman score was found in the case of total GHQ-28 score, somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, severe depression and total support. Taking into account the ANOVA findings, it was observed that an increasing GHQ score was associated with intensively increasing emotional support, informative support, appraisal support and the most- instrumental support. The results display the underestimated role of emotional, informational and appraisal support and the overestimated role of instrumental support in primary care. The consequence may be a more frequent using health care accompanied by low level of patients' satisfaction, severity of social dysfunction disorders, particularly in patients with chronic diseases, who constitute an increasingly large group of primary health care.

Late-life depression: Burden, severity and relationship with social support dimensions in a West African community

To explore the relationship between social support and occupational stress. A cross-sectional survey involving 654 career people from different industries was conducted. Social support, the occupational stressors, personalities, and occupational strain were measured by using Occupational Stress Instrument. The people from different occupations got different level of social support. Social support scores were significantly positively related to interpersonal relation, responsibility for people, responsibility for thing, advancement and participation, task identity, training adequacy, challenge, autonomy, job satisfaction, mental health, affective ambulance, positive emotion, self-esteem and coping strategy (P<0.05 or P<0.01), negatively to careers, role conflict, role ambiguity, job future ambiguity, negative emotion, depression symptoms, daily life stress and work locus of control scores (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The scores of interpersonal relation, responsibility for people, responsibility for thing, advancement and participation, task identity, training adequacy, challenge, autonomy, job satisfaction, mental health, affective ambulance, positive emotion, self-esteem and coping strategy with sufficient social support were significantly higher than those of deficient social support (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The scores of role conflict, role ambiguity, job future ambiguity, negative emotion, depression symptoms, daily life stress and work locus of control were higher than those of the latter (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Stepwise regression analysis showed that social support was the predictor of depression (R(2)>0.05). Social support affects occupational stress largely and plays an important role in maintaining mental health of career people. The people from different occupations get different level of social support.

Objective: Childhood adversities have been linked to elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), which has been associated with increased morbidity. Low social support has been reported to worsen the prognosis in heart disease and cancer, and high social support has been linked to lower hsCRP. We hypothesized that social support could be a mediating factor between childhood adversities and hsCRP. Methods: The sample was drawn from the data of the nationwide Health and Social Support Study (HeSSup Study) to which 25,898 Finns had responded in 1998. The cohort was stratified into groups of high and low social support, and the study group consisted of 100 women in both groups. Additionally, we invited a randomly drawn group of 50 subjects and a group of 62 women who had reported depressive symptoms. Of the 312 women, 116 participated in the study. Results: Social support score (Social Support Questionnaire, SSQ) was lower when the number of adverse experiences in childhood was high (r = − 0.251, P = 0.007). hsCRP and SSQ were inversely associated (r = − 0.188, P = 0.046). In the adjusted general linear model, the level of social support was significantly associated with hsCRP and there was a statistically significant interactive effect of small effect size of childhood adversities and the level of social support on hsCRP (ES = 0.123, P = 0.004). Conclusion: This finding suggests that childhood adversity may affect social relationships and that high social support may attenuate the health risks caused by childhood adverse experience.

Objective This study aims to examine the levels of anxiety symptoms and perceived social support among the men who have sex with men (MSM) population, to assess the level of both anxiety and low social support, and associated factors in this population. Method The study used an Internet service platform for MSM between March and June 2024. Sociodemographic information, laboratory test data, and scores from the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) were collected among men who have sex with men (MSM). Decision tree model and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the factors associated with anxiety with low perceived social support. Results A total of 1070 MSM respondents were recruited, of whom 19.6% had anxiety symptoms, and 12.90% had low social support. The prevalence of anxiety symptoms was significantly higher among individuals with low social support (38.41%) than among those with medium or high social support (16.95%) (P &lt; 0.001). Specifically, 4.95% of all respondents had both anxiety and low social support. Logistic regression analysis showed that employment status (P = 0.028), self-esteem (P &lt; 0.001) and psychological resilience (P &lt; 0.001) were significant factors associated with both anxiety symptoms and low social support in the MSM population. Furthermore, the decision tree model identified self-esteem and psychological resilience as key predictors of both anxiety and low social support in the MSM population (all P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion Our study demonstrated that in the MSM population in China’s eastern region, the prevalence of both anxiety and low social support was relatively low. Employment status, self-esteem, and psychological resilience were identified as significantly correlated factors for them. To effectively reduce anxiety in this population, interventions should focus on enhancing these factors.

Impacts of social support on symptoms in Brazilian women with fibromyalgia

The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the longitudinal relationship between subjective community well-being (CWB) (perception of freedom of choice and social support) and subjective individual well-being (IWB) (positive and negative affect). Using the World Happiness Report (2019), this study examined the subjective IWB and subjective CWB among 155 countries across an 8-year period. Using Latent Class Growth Analysis the results indicated that the 155 countries could be classified into three groups-countries reporting high freedom of choice and high social support, low freedom of choice and low social support, and low freedom of choice and high social support. From the results of both a multigroup Growth Mixed Model and a Growth Curve Model, the three groups were found to vary with respect to positive and negative affect with higher positive affect and lower negative affect reported in countries classified as high freedom of choice and high social support, lower positive affect and higher negative affect reported in countries classified as low freedom of choice and low social support, and lower positive and lower negative affect reported in countries classified as low freedom of choice and high social support. These results indicate that country's rated as allowing higher freedom of choice was associated with higher reported positive affect, and country's rated as having stronger social support systems was associated with lower ratings for negative affect.

BackgroundUnder the strategic framework of “Healthy China,” the issue of insufficient exercise adherence among college students has become increasingly prominent. As an emerging intervention tool, wearable sports equipment (WSE) holds potential in addressing this issue, yet its effectiveness may be influenced by exercise motivation and social support. Existing studies have primarily focused on the independent effects of technological interventions, with limited exploration of the psychosocial mechanisms involved.ObjectiveDrawing upon Self-Determination Theory and Social Support Theory, this study constructs a mediated model of exercise motivation to examine the mechanisms through which WSE influences exercise adherence among college students, with a particular focus on the mediating role of exercise motivation and the moderating effect of social support.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted using stratified cluster sampling among 1,286 students from six universities across China. Core variables were measured using the Perceived Use of Wearable Equipment Scale, Exercise Adherence Scale, Exercise Motivation Scale, and Social Support Scale. Model 59 of the SPSS PROCESS macro was employed for data analysis.ResultsWSE use significantly predicted exercise adherence (β = 0.143, p < 0.001), with exercise motivation partially mediating this relationship (accounting for 27.3% of the total effect). Social support exhibited a dual moderating effect: it strengthened the direct effect of WSE on exercise adherence (β = 0.204 under high support vs. β = 0.082 under low support), but weakened the effect of WSE on exercise motivation (non-significant under high support, β = 0.219 under low support), as well as the indirect effect of WSE on exercise adherence via motivation (β = 0.116 under high support vs. β = 0.463 under low support).ConclusionWSE impacts exercise behavior through the synergistic interplay of exercise motivation and social support. Intervention strategies should be tailored according to individuals’ levels of social support—those with low support should focus on strengthening motivational internalization, while those with high support may benefit more from the direct reinforcement of technological feedback. The findings provide a theoretical basis for optimizing health promotion strategies in higher education institutions.

Objectives This study aimed to examine the relationships among social support (as the independent variable), subjective well-being (as the dependent variable), and pet interaction (as the mediating variable) among pet owners. The model was developed to test these relationships and to investigate the mediating effect of pet interaction. Methods To achieve the research objectives, surveys were conducted both online and offline from August to October 2022, resulting in a final sample of 385 responses after data cleaning. Analyses, including missing data handling, frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, and correlation analysis, were performed using SPSS 28.0 and Process Macro 4.3. The mediating effect of pet interaction was examined using Process Macro Model 4 and bootstrapping. Results The study analyzed the mediating effect of pet interaction on the relationship between social support and subjective well-being (measured by life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect). The results showed that pet interaction was positively associated with social support (from family, friends, significant others, and pets themselves) and with life satisfaction and positive affect, and negatively associated with negative affect. In the mediation analysis, family, friends, and significant other support had a partial mediating effect on life satisfaction through pet interaction. Although pet support did not have a direct effect, it had a positive impact on subjective well-being through pet interaction. There was no mediating effect on positive affect, but both family and pet support partially mediated the reduction of negative affect through pet interaction. Conclusions This study verified the impact of pet support on subjective well-being and the mediating effect of pet interaction. Findings indicated that pet support is positively correlated with support from family, friends, and significant others, contributing to life satisfaction and positive affect while alleviating negative affect. Notably, the combination of family support and pet interaction maximized the reduction of negative affect. However, close human relationships played a more crucial role in fostering positive affect, and the mediating effect of pet interaction was limited in this regard. Based on these findings, the study suggests developing programs that allow for shared achievements with pets, establishing emotional support systems combining family and pet support, and using pet interaction as emotional support to supplement human social support.

ObjectivesLimited and inconsistent findings have been reported on the link between social connections and support and emergency department (ED) visits in older populations. Moreover, the adequacy of informal care for older adults has rarely been considered. This study explored the associations of social connections, social support, and informal care with ED visits in younger-old (<78 years) and oldest-old (≥78 years) adults. MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study based on community-living adults ≥60 years old participating in the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (N=3066 at wave 1, 2001-2004; N=1885 at wave 3, 2007-2010; N=1208 at wave 5, 2013-2016). Standardised indexes were developed to measure social connections, social support, and informal care. The outcome variable was hospital-based ED visits within 4 years of the SNAC-K interview. Associations between exposure variables and ED visits were assessed through negative binomial regressions using generalised estimating equations. ResultsMedium (IRR 0.77; 95% CI 0.59–0.99) and high (IRR 0.77; 95% CI 0.56–0.99) levels of social support were negatively associated with ED visits compared to low levels of social support, but only in oldest-old adults. No statistically significant associations were observed between social connections and ED visits. Higher ED visit rates were seen in oldest-old adults with unmet informal care needs, even if the differences did not reach statistical significance. ConclusionsED visits were associated with social support levels among adults aged ≥78 years. Public health interventions to mitigate situations of poor social support may improve health outcomes and reduce avoidable ED visits in oldest-old adults.