Software engineering issues for mobile application development

We describe a method of assessing the implications for human error on user interface design of safety-critical systems. In previous work we have proposed a taxonomy of influencing factors that contribute to error. In this article, components of the taxonomy are combined into a mathematical and causal model for error, represented as a Bayesian Belief Net (BBN). The BBN quantifies error influences arising from user knowledge, ability, and the task environ-ment, combined with factors describing the complexity of user action and user interface quality. The BBN model predicts probabilities of different types of errorslips and mistakes for each component action of a task involving user-system interaction. We propose an Impact Analysis Method that involves running test scenarios against this causal model of error in order to determine user interactions that are prone to different types of error. Applying the proposed method will enable the designer to determine the combinations of influencing factors and their interactions that are most likely to influence human error. Finally we show how such scenario-based causal analysis can be useful as a means of focusing on relevant guidelines for safe user interface design. The proposed method is demonstrated through a case study of an operator performing a task using the control system for a laser spectrophotometer.We describe a method of assessing the implications for human error on user interface design of safety-critical systems. In previous work we have proposed a taxonomy of influencing factors that contribute to error. In this article, components of the taxonomy are combined into a mathematical and causal model for error, represented as a Bayesian Belief Net (BBN). The BBN quantifies error influences arising from user knowledge, ability, and the task environ-ment, combined with factors describing the complexity of user action and user interface quality. The BBN model predicts probabilities of different types of errorslip for each component action of a task involving user-system interaction. We propose an Impact Analysis Method that involves running test scenarios against this causal model of error in order to determine user interactions that are prone to different types of error. Applying the proposed method will enable the designer to determine the combinations of influencing factors and their interactions that are most likely to influence human error. Finally we show how such scenario-based causal analysis can be useful as a means of focusing on relevant guidelines for safe user interface design. The proposed method is demonstrated through a case study of an operator performing a task using the control system for a laser spectrophotometer.

Tokopedia is one of the companies in Indonesia that has a unicorn status. With a vision to build a platform that allows anyone to start and find anything and anywhere, Tokopedia also supports Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and individuals to develop their businesses through application. Even so, this does not guarantee that all Tokopedia users can really easily use the application. The baby boomer generation is a generation that faces more difficulties in processing new or complex information, thus affecting their learning about new technologies, including the user interface design of an application. The purpose of this study is to understand how the user interface elements are applied to the Tokopedia application and how the baby boomer affordance to the Tokopedia application user interface design. The method used is a case study with a qualitative approach. The results show that the user interface design elements of the Tokopedia application in the perception of baby boomer generation are always related to design elements, use of color, and layout. Some of these elements have been understood by the user's function. Nevertheless, there are some technical things, such as the use of free space, that users still don't understand. Thus, Tokopedia still has to make some improvements to the application's user interface design .

In the era of project-based learning (PjBL), the quality of student learning is a primary concern. However, often the quality of user interface (UI) in these projects is neglected. Therefore, we conducted intensive training using Figma to enhance UI quality in PjBL projects. With a practical approach, students were encouraged to become more engaged and understand UI design concepts better. The results were surprising: there was a significant improvement in the quality of student project UIs. Not only were they more actively involved, but they were also able to apply good design principles. These findings offer new hope in curriculum development and teaching practices for the future, reinforcing Figma's contribution to enhancing student learning quality.

Interface and interaction design: How mobile touch devices foster cognitive offloading

Design Patterns (DPs) are acknowledged as powerful conceptual tools to improve design quality and to reduce time and cost of the development process by effect of the reuse of "good" design solutions. In many fields (e.g., software engineering, web engineering, interface design) patterns are widely used by practitioners and are also investigated from a research perspective. Still, they have been seldom explored in the arena of Recommender Systems (RSs). RSs provide suggestions ("recommendations") for items that are likely to be appropriate for the user profile, and are increasingly adopted in content-intensive multimedia applications to complement traditional forms of search in large information spaces. This paper explores RSs through the lens of User Interface (UI) Design Patterns. We have performed a systematic analysis of 54 recommendation-empowered content-intensive multimedia applications, in order to: (i) discover the occurrences of existing domain independent UI patterns; (ii) identify frequently adopted UI solutions that are not modelled by existing patterns, and define a set of new UI patterns, some of which are specific of the interfaces for recommendation features while others can be useful also in a broader context. The results of our inspection have been discussed with and evaluated by a team of experts, leading to a consolidated set of 14 new patterns that are reported in the paper. Reusing pattern-based design solutions instead of building new solutions from scratch enables novice and expert designers to build good UIs for Recommendation-empowered content intensive multimedia applications more effectively, and ultimately can improve the UX experience in this class of systems. From a broader perspective, our work can stimulate future research bridging Recommender Systems, Web Engineering and Interface Design by means of Design Patterns, and highlights new research directions also discussed in the paper.

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the proceedings of the workshop held as part of SPLASH 2014! This year's Workshop continues the tradition of allowing both graduate and undergraduate students to present their ongoing work and get productive feedback on their latest results. Workshop Overview Mobile application usage and development is experiencing exponential growth. According to Gartner, by 2016 more than 300 billion applications will be downloaded annually. The mobile domain presents new challenges to software engineering. Mobile platforms are rapidly changing, including diverse capabilities as GPS, sensors, and input modes. Applications must be omni-channel and work on all platforms. Activated on mobile platforms, modern applications must be elastic and scale on demand according to the hardware abilities. Applications often need to support and use third-party services. Therefore, during development, security and authorization processes for the dataflow must be applied. Bring your own device (BYOD) policies bring new security data leaks challenges. Developing such applications requires suitable practices and tools e.g., architecture techniques that relate to the complexity at hand; improved refactoring tools for hybrid applications using dynamic languages and polyglot development and applications; and testing techniques for applications that run on different devices. This workshop aims at establishing a community of researchers and practitioners to share their work and lead further research in the mobile software engineering. The workshop has several goals. First, we want to develop relationships to create a vibrant research community in the area of mobile software development. Second, we want to identify the most important research problems for mobile software development. Our program includes: Distinguished keynote by Dr. Daniel M. Yellin the Vice President, IBM Mobile Platform Development, and an IBM Distinguished EngineerInvited talksMarco Pistoia and Omer Trip Integrating Security, Analytics and Application Management into the Mobile Development LifecycleNikolai Tillmann Rapidly Prototyping Apps for Mobile Cloud-Connected DevicesLucas Brutschy, Pietro Ferrara and Mueller Peter. Static Analysis for Independent App DevelopersPanel: "How Mobile Affects Business Processes? : The Research Perspective"Activity: "Killer Apps for Mobile Opportunity and ChallengesResearch papers Mobile software engineering presents new challenges and directions. Among others, we observe the following five areas of interest: Management of the mobile applications. This refers to the technical capabilities to create, deploy, and manage a suite of applications for multiple heterogeneous devices (e.g., iOS, Android, BlackBerry, Windows) that connect securely to enterprise back-end servers.Hybrid applications versus native applications. A native application is an application designed to run in a specific environment written in a specific language. A hybrid mobile application, however, is developed using web technologies such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript activated by a native wrapper. Building native applications requires comprehensive knowledge in the specific environment, such as Objective C (iOS), Java (Android), and C# (Windows mobile and BlackBerry). However, hybrid applications based on web technologies require more common knowledge.User experience. Applications must be developed that provide different user experiences depending on the target environment. For example, an iOS application provides a different user experience than an Android application, even though the functionality of the application must be the same.Battery life. How can developers write software that uses up as little battery life as possible?Migrations to mobile. As more users access and use mobile-based tools, developers need to enable and support migration from legacy software such as web applications to mobile.Mobile security. Mobile devices have strong networking capabilities. Hence security of ersonal information and businesses data become very important. Employees use their smartphones to access sensitive information. The operating system of those devices collects sensitive data that may be visible to third-party applications. Hence vulnerabilities from both the web browser and operating system must be considered. Moreover, the development of mobile applications includes the following aspects that extend existing software engineering practices: Software characteristics. 1) Software is distributed on several platforms that link between them over the network. For example, one part of an application could be on mobile phones browsers, another part might be on the cloud, and both of them are reading data from some legacy systems. 2) Mobile applications need to be elastic and scale on demand according to their environments' abilities. Functionalities need to be easily removed, added, or moved to or from the cloud. 3) Many hardware platforms exist for an application and the platforms are rapidly changing, including flexible capabilities such as GPS, sensors, and input modes. Development, however, should be for all platforms.Architecture. Mobile application development also includes several architectural challenges, such as how to support omni-channel communications and how to support new application data updates from the server, e.g., notifications about new mail or software updates. Applications must be able to easily communicate with new systems. Traditional solutions enable software to be easily designed and modified to communicate with new environments. However, the environments with which applications need to communicate are rapidly changing. As a result, traditional solutions do not fit modern software and we cannot modify applications using traditional architectural approaches to support all channels.Testing. Another aspect of mobile application development concerns software testing. How can applications be tested on arbitrary and unknown hardware? And how can we develop test-driven software without being able to run the test itself?

The design of mobile device interfaces is an area that has started to be addressed in the human computer interaction (HCI) community during the past few years. While previous work on handheld interface design has focused on overall usability aspects, security related design issues have only been minimally addressed. An example of a security interface is an authentication interface as used by electronic commerce (e-commerce) web sites. The paper opens with a review of prior research on secure interface design. Results of a usability evaluation targeting authentication interfaces as accessed on mobile devices is presented. To illustrate design aspects of an authentication interface, a discussion of the eBay authentication interface is then discussed. Recommended guidelines are proposed for designing authentication interfaces as accessed via mobile devices.

The main goal of this work was to design and conduct usability tests of mobile applications, with particular emphasis on cognitive load. Not only was the cognitive load due to user interface design errors considered, but also the cognitive load due to external factors such as the real world. The study involved 12 participants, who were young adults, i.e. people aged 20–30 who regularly use mobile devices. The participants were randomly divided into two groups of 6 people. These groups independently carried out the scenario of activities using two different applications, in two different environments: laboratory and field. The collected results were statistically analysed in terms of task completion time, number of actions, number of errors and satisfaction with regard to net promoters score and system usability scale. The analysis of these features allowed to determine the relationship between the quality of the graphical user interface, the impact of the environmental factors and user satisfaction.

Android-based devices have become devices for every student in communication activities and learning media, therefore the Introduction to Linguistics course requires learning media, so the alternative is to use an Android-based application. The purpose of this study was to analyze the emotional factor in designing the interface for Android-based Introductory Linguistics teaching materials with the Kansei Engineering approach; make recommendations for the interface design of Android-based Introduction to Linguistics teaching materials. The method used is Kansei Engineering Type I (KEPack). The application of Kansei Engineering in the design of the Android-based Learning Application interface produces interface design elements in designing Android-based Learning Applications consisting of 7 major parts, namely Page Body, Header, Top Menu, Left Menu, Main Menu, Right Menu and Footer. To detect users of research android-based learning applications using 18 Kansei Word Specimens consisting of 4 applications, participants were taken with the slovin approach which collected 190 students from 360 students, the process of analyzing the elements needed in designing the application interface design with the Kansei Engineering approach, using the Kansei Engineering method. multivariate calculations. The methods are Coefficient Correlation Analysis (CCA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Factor Analysis (FA) and Partial Least Square (PLS). Display design sourced from all participants, which will be used for public display, for Introductory Linguistics Learning, namely the concept of "Colorfull" emotion.

The use of metaphor is essential in user interface design, particularly for the mobile landscape, as the visual environment continues to be populated with more and more mobile electronic devices. A metaphor allows us to understand one concept in terms of another. Although considerable research has gone into the mobile technology, little attention has been paid to mobile interface metaphor, which is the key to user interaction. This paper explores the role of metaphor in interfaces in facilitating user interaction with mobile devices. It presents a classification of metaphors. It also proposes a framework with salient factors in relation to visual communication with metaphors. It also offers some thoughts on the use of new metaphors.

Software engineering is difficult. Addressing human-computer interaction concerns correctly and comprehensively across different “look & feel”s is difficult. Combining two difficult problems usually is even more difficult. Software tools that support creating platform independent graphical user interfaces has eased the complexities. These tools' main contribution is providing abstractions above the level of hardware, operating system, and windowing system. Human-computer interaction concerns are reduced; software engineering concerns about delivering a product across multiple platforms are reduced; productivity rises; and user interface quality, consistency, and look & feel compliance are increased.

This paper proposes a method for user interface development where a model for analysis (Just-UI) and a model for design (DiaMODL) are conveniently combined into an integrated method. Just-UI currently supports automatically refining analysis models, through conceptual patterns to concrete user interface designs. Integrating a dialog modelling language (DiaMODL) into the method, will let the designers take part in the refinement process, hence gaining control and allowing a greater variety of designs. The method encourages the use of code generation for rapid prototyping of the UI. The ultimate objective is to provide a suitable software engineering and user interface design method with coverage to cross through requirements to final implementation of core application code and user interface.

A Web-Based Perioperative Dashboard as a Platform for Anesthesia Informatics Innovation.

Integrating mobile devices into educational environments has revolutionised e-learning, presenting new opportunities and challenges. This research paper aims to examine the pivotal role of mobile devices in the e-learning environment and assess the effectiveness of mobile learning applications in enhancing the educational experience. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data through surveys and usage analytics with qualitative insights from interviews and focus group discussions. By analysing the perspectives of both educators and learners, the research investigates how mobile devices contribute to the flexibility and accessibility of e-learning content. Additionally, the paper evaluates the effectiveness of various mobile learning applications in promoting engagement, knowledge retention, and overall learning outcomes. It scrutinises the features that contribute to the success of these applications, such as user interface design, interactivity, and adaptability to diverse learning styles. Furthermore, the research delves into the challenges of mobile learning, including device compatibility, connectivity, and user motivation issues. Strategies to overcome these challenges and optimise the benefits of mobile learning are explored. The findings of this study are expected to provide valuable insights for educators, curriculum designers, and developers of mobile learning applications. The research aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on the effective integration of mobile devices in e-learning environments and offer recommendations for optimising the design and implementation of mobile learning strategies. Ultimately, this exploration seeks to foster a deeper understanding of the potential of mobile devices in shaping the future of education.

Electronic Government (e-Government) systems are intended primarily to deliver governmental information and services through the web. The rapid evolution of mobile technology has triggered the need for conventional web-based e-Government systems to move towards another era known as Mobile Government (m-Government) systems. Although the functionality remains the same, the use of mobile devices in m-Government systems has caused the interface design of such systems to be dissimilar from the conventional web-based e-Government systems. Mobile devices in some ways have limited capacity in terms retrieving and displaying information, which makes their interface design to be quite tricky. This study aims to review the existing interface design frameworks in order to identify and collate the essential design elements that should be considered in designing the interface for m-Government systems. The study analysed qualitatively four m-Government interface design frameworks, namely 7Cs Design Elements, A Functional Design Approach for Mobile Government Website, Adaptive Mobile Government Framework and Framework of information Quality of Mobile Interface e-Government. By using content analysis, the study identified eight design elements from such frameworks. The study also highlighted the limitations of the current frameworks that could be explored further by future studies in interface design for m-Government systems.