Specifying fault tolerance in mission critical intelligent systems

Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) software products are being included in ever more complex and critical systems. There are clearly advantages to considering the use of COTS in such systems, but given the rigorous needs of such critical systems or subsystems, there are concerns about the suitability of COTS software for such applications. The AIAA’s Software Systems Technical Committee and the AIAA’s Computer Systems Technical Committee have undertaken an effort to produce a guidebook that captures issues related to the consideration and use of COTS products in these large, complex systems, with a special emphasis on those risks and risk mitigation approaches that relate to mission critical systems. This guidebook identifies a set of characteristics of mission critical systems that makes the consideration, selection and validation processes of COTS products (hardware, software, subsystems, etc.) an emerging factor in systems definition, development and acceptance. The guidebook discusses a large number of risk areas related to using COTS software products in mission critical systems and identifies various mitigation approaches to the risks. It includes detailed processes for selecting and evaluating the products and considerations for using COTS software products within the overall context of the software development life cycle standardized in IEEE/EIA 12207. Mission critical system characteristics such as reliability, safety, availability, maintainability and certification tend to influence whether or not COTS software should be considered for a given application. Once the suitability of COTS software has been determined, then it is possible that additional requirements may be placed on the product and/or the product’s vendor for such mission critical applications. Further, it is possible that certain system requirements and expectations may need to be modified because of the inclusion of COTS software products in that system. As COTS products continue to be considered as candidates for inclusion within mission critical systems, there are likely to be additional concerns and factors to emerge that will influence how both acquirers and suppliers decide if and/or when to use COTS products. Ongoing monitoring of this technology area seems to be warranted.

Design of on-line embedded web server is a challenging part of many embedded and real time data acquisition and control system applications. The World Wide Web is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billion of users worldwide and allows the user to interface many real time embedded applications like data acquisition, Industrial automations and safety measures etc,. This paper approached towards the design and development of on-line Interactive Data Acquisition and Control System (IDACS) using ARM based embedded web server. It can be a network, intelligent and digital distributed control system. Single chip IDACS method improves the processing capability of a system and overcomes the problem of poor real time and reliability. This system uses ARM9 Processor portability with Real Time Linux operating system (RTLinux RTOS) it makes the system more real time and handling various processes based on multi tasking and reliable scheduling mechanisms. Web server application is ported into an ARM processor using embedded `C' language. Web pages are written by Hyper text markup language (HTML); it is beneficial for real time IDACS, Mission critical applications, ATM networks and more.

: The Computer Resource Management Technology Program (PE 64740F) is the sole Air Force engineering development program to focus on the problems associated with the acquisition, development, and support of computer resources within mission critical Air Force weapon systems. Engineering development is the final development and test of an operationally, technically, and economically desirable product. Mission critical systems are the airborne; spaceborne; command, control, communications and intelligence; and armament systems directly involved in the planning and execution of military missions. As the primary Air Force vehicle for transitioning the computer technology of advanced development work accomplished in industry, universities, and laboratories, the program's five continuing projects target the development and initial application of products which reduce software life cycle cost, enhance acquisition management control, and improve the quality and security of weapon system software.

Real-time process algebra (RTPA) is a denotational mathematical structure for denoting and manipulating system behavioral processes. RTPA is designed as a coherent algebraic system for intelligent and software system modeling, specification, refinement, and implementation. RTPA encompasses 17 metaprocesses and 17 relational process operations. RTPA can be used to describe both logical and physical models of software and intelligent systems. Logic views of system architectures and their physical platforms can be described using the same set of notations. When a system architecture is formally modeled, the static and dynamic behaviors performed on the architectural model can be specified by a three-level refinement scheme at the system, class, and object levels in a top-down approach. RTPA has been successfully applied in real-world system modeling and code generation for software systems, human cognitive processes, and intelligent systems.

It is my great pleasure to welcome you to the 4th International ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on Architecting Critical Systems (ISARCS 2013). ISARCS is a symposium dedicated to architectural design for dependable, safe and secure systems. It provides an exclusive forum for exchanging views on the theory and practice of architecting critical systems. A critical system is characterized by the perceived severity of consequences that system failures may cause. In that respect, in addition to appropriate development methods, techniques and tools, a critical system also requires the provision of assurances that it is able to fulfill its specified service. As software systems continue to pervade every facet of our daily lives, our dependence on their safety, security, availability, and reliability grows. It has become increasingly clear that the architecture of a critical software system plays a crucial role in fulfilling its dependability requirements. This has called for effective methods, techniques, and tools that take architectural concerns into consideration during the design, construction, testing, maintenance, and upgrade of such systems. The aim of ISARCS is to bring together different communities in order to create a forum in which the different expertise collaborate in providing a comprehensive view on how to construct critical systems from the architectural perspective. This year, ISARCS is again part of the federated event CompArch, together with "QoSA 2013: 9th International ACM SIGSOFT Conference on the Quality of Software Architectures," "CBSE 2013: 16th International ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on Component-Based Software Engineering," and "WCOP 2013: 18th International Doctoral Symposium on Components and Architecture". ISARCS call for papers attracted 12 submissions that were reviewed thoroughly by an international program committee. Following an online discussion phase, 5 long and 2 short papers were accepted for inclusion in the proceedings and presentation at the conference. The federated event also includes 3 keynotes that are highly relevant to the challenges of architecting critical systems.

Integration of a real time expert system and a modern graphic display system in a Swedish nuclear power plant control room

This chapter introduces two different algorithms to detect intrusions in mission critical communication systems to guarantee their security. The first algorithm is a classification algorithm which applies the concept of supervised learning. The second algorithm is a clustering algorithm which applies the concept of unsupervised learning. The algorithms detect intrusions using a set of detection rules that are structured in the form of decision trees. The algorithms are described in details and their results on well-known dataset are introduced. An enhancement for the J48algorithm is also introduced, where the decision tree for the algorithm is changed to a binary tree. The change enhances the complexity to reach a decision. The chapter includes a brief introduction about the security in Mission critical systems and the reason behind securing such systems. It introduces different methodologies that were introduced to detect intrusions in wireless communications.

A condition-based inspection-maintenance policy for critical systems with an unreliable monitor system

In recent years, with the progress of society and the development of the economy, the number of cars in China has been increasing. In wireless communication networks, the choice of wireless nodes has a greater impact on the improvement of system performance (such as channel capacity, coverage area, etc.). The intelligent vehicle target detection system can perceive and recognize the surrounding objects such as pedestrians and vehicles through sensors, which is the basis for realizing the unmanned driving of intelligent vehicles. In a wireless environment where multiple wireless nodes coexist, current research focuses on how long it takes to re-plan the selection of wireless nodes (for mobile environments) and how to allocate and manage wireless nodes, such as where under the conditions of wireless, who will wireless with whom, and in what way (such as auto focus, digital fusion, or other) wireless, etc.; the dedicated centralized controller (such as the base station of the infrastructure-based wireless access network) determines the wireless partner (i.e., centralized type selection), or the wireless node decides by itself (i.e., distributed selection); select the appropriate number of wireless nodes to take into account the system performance gain and implementation complexity. The popularity of automobiles has brought great convenience to people's lives, but it has also brought greater traffic pressure. At present, the amount of domestic automobile traffic has increased exponentially, and urban traffic congestion has become more serious, and even caused serious traffic accidents, directly affecting people's quality of life. The emergence of intelligent transportation systems has effectively alleviated road traffic pressure and reduced the incidence of traffic accidents. As an important part of the intelligent transportation system, the research of intelligent vehicles has received extensive attention. Intelligent vehicles use a variety of sensors installed on the body to sense the environment, and realize intelligent driving functions such as lane line detection, obstacle detection, dynamic cruise control, and unmanned driving, which is conducive to reducing the incidence of traffic accidents and improving the safety of vehicle driving. At present, in the research of target recognition and tracking of intelligent vehicles, the traditional target detection method is mainly based on artificial feature extraction, which is difficult to describe more complex or higher-order image features, and the tracking effect is not good, which limits the target detection. An intelligent vehicle is an intelligent system with functions such as environment perception, planning decision-making, and operation control, and is an important part of the intelligent transportation system. Identify the effect. In response to these problems, we present a study of the target recognition and tracking of intelligent vehicles based on grid map and lidar sensor technology. To verify the proposed method in the actual scene, we identify and track the vehicle ahead on the road through a car equipped with a lidar sensor. The meaning of target detection: target detection, also called target extraction, is an image segmentation based on target geometric and statistical features. The results show that the proposed research method can accurately identify the vehicle in front and detect the moving targets such as pedestrians. The tracking trajectory is also consistent with the expected route. The results show that the laser radar-based vehicle target recognition and tracking in this study is effective. In the 10 frames of images, the average time taken for the recognition of one frame of image is 9.8 ms, while the traditional method is 12.9 ms. Technology can improve reliable road information for intelligent vehicle driving and improve the transportation efficiency and safety performance of intelligent vehicles. There are two main target detection methods for lidar: detection methods based on feature extraction and detection methods based on grid maps.

Changes in consumer preference for safe food have led to innovations in packaging technologies. This article reviews about different smart packaging systems and their applications in food packaging, packaging research with latest innovations. Active and intelligent packing are such packaging technologies which offer to deliver safer and quality products. Active packaging refers to the incorporation of additives into the package with the aim of maintaining or extending the product quality and shelf life. The intelligent systems are those that monitor the condition of packaged food to give information regarding the quality of the packaged food during transportation and storage. These technologies are designed to the increasing demand for safer foods with better shelf life. The market for active and intelligent packaging systems is expected to have a promising future by their integration into packaging materials or systems.

The are crop planning problems exist in a modern agriculture of Ukraine. With the help of the intelligent support system for agro-technological decisions proposed by the authors, it is possible to simplify the planning process by using the concept of precision farming. Modern fields monitoring methods were analyzed and methods that will be used in the intelligent system are identified. The k-means method is one of them and will be applied to field clustering. The authors analyzed modern research and publications related to the concept of precision farming and the problem of implementing modern innovative information systems in agriculture of Ukraine. The decomposition of the intelligent system was carried out. Six main subsystems were identified, functional requirements were developed for each of them. Modern methods of fields monitoring are analyzed and methods that will be used in the intelligent system are identified, one of which is the k-means method, which will be applied to field clustering. Based on the already developed requirements, the authors have developed the general architecture of the system. The notation TOGAF was applied for the graphical display of the architecture. Based on the proposed architecture, intelligent system software was created. As a result of testing the soft-ware of the intelligent system, it is possible to draw a conclusion about its efficiency and readiness for implementation. The designed and developed system allows to carry out intellectual analysis of historical data of crops, to display results in the form of tables and graphs, to carry out planning of crops, agrotechnological operations and fertilizer application. The introduction of this system will improve the quality of management decisions and productivity of agricultural activities.

Fault prediction and fault compensation are beneficial for the production technology and give a new dimension to fault diagnosis in technical systems. The overall goal of this paper is the presentation of fault prediction and fault compensation procedures as they are studied, implemented and embedded in a real time expert system. This expert system detects and diagnoses faults in hydraulic systems. For this purpose dynamic modelling information, on-line sensor information, special features of the domain of hydraulic systems and expert systems technology are used co-operatively.

This paper introduces a new approach to the power system restoration problem. The continuous restoration means an online function that supports all the dispatcher actions. It is active and alerts not only in the restorative network state, but also in normal state. This real time expert system is strongly based on the cooperation with the SCADA-EMS functions and the different offline network calculations. The idea is proposed to be implemented in the Hungarian National Control Centre.

Issues in developing software for safety critical systems

This paper presents an intelligent support system for local power system control centers that has been tested in a practical local control centers. A special modular structure is applied to enhance the processing time and to spare memory. This reconstructed modular knowledge base would be eventually indispensable to enhance the performance of an intelligent system; furthermore, based on this structure, a distributive structured large intelligent system that consists of many enhanced substation automation systems would be easily realized with some supervisory meta-inference system.