SPIN-POLARIZATION ARRAY GENERATION FOR SPIN TRANSPORT USE

A new concept of an optoelectronic spin generation using bright and dark soliton conversion behaviors within a modified optical add‐drop filters known as a PANDA ring resonator is proposed. The orthogonal solitons can be formed randomly within the system and detected simultaneously at the output ports. Under the resonant condition, the random transverse electric and magnetic fields of the solitons corresponding to the left‐hand and right‐hand photons can be generated. Whenever a photon is absorbed by an object, an angular momentum of either + ħ or –ħ is imparted to the object, in which two possible spin states known as optoelectronic spins are exhibited. Furthermore, the array of optoelectronic spins, i.e., many particles can be generated and controlled by using the proposed system, which can be used to form large scale spintronics applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:987–990, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26708

Transient electromagnetic (TEM) data can be seriously distorted by induced polarization (IP) phenomena when a polarizable body is present. The TEM field generated by a grounded-wire source contains transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes. The IP effect is most commonly studied with the TEM total field, rather than considering the difference between TE and TM fields. To investigate the effect of IP phenomena on the TE and TM fields, we have performed a detailed analysis on IP-distorted TEM data based on numerical and field examples. We first compare the IP effect on the TE and TM fields when polarizable bodies with different polarizable parameters are present. The TM field is more severely affected by the IP effect than the TE field. Compared to a single grounded-wire source, a double-line grounded-wire source can generate a larger TM field in the horizontal electric field. We compare the IP effect on TEM data from single- and double-line grounded-wire TEM configurations, and find that the data from the double-line configuration have a higher TM/TE ratio and are more severely affected by IP phenomena than in the single-line case. Thus, it would be easier to identify and extract the IP response from field data acquired with a double-line grounded-wire source configuration. These results have been verified by a field survey of the Kalatongke copper-nickel ore district, which has predominantly layered geology, in Xinjiang, China.

A generation of optical capsules and tweezers within a modified optical add-drop filter known as PANDA ring resonator with a new concept is proposed. By using dark and bright solitons, the orthogonal tweezers can be formed within the system and observed simultaneously at the output ports. Under the resonant condition, the optical capsules and tweezers generated by dark and bright soliton pair corresponding to the left-hand and right-hand rotating solitons (tweezers) can be generated. When a soliton is interacted by an object, an angular momentum of either bright or dark tweezers is imparted to the object, in which two possible spin states known as tweezer spins are exhibited. Furthermore, an array of molecular capsules and spins, i.e., trapped molecules can be generated and detected by using the proposed system, which can be used to form large scale tweezer or capsule spins. In application, the trapped molecules can be moved and rotated securely to the required destinations, which can be useful for many applications, especially, in medical diagnosis, therapy and surgery.

The electro-optic power pumping system model using the inline successive technique within the modified add-drop filter is proposed. A pumping system consists of a closed loop Panda ring resonator, from which the optical power is coupled inline into the system. By controlling the two side phase modulators, the whispering gallery mode (WGM) is generated by the amplitude-squeezed light within the modified add-drop filter. By using the proposed circuits, the low current can be applied into the system via a gold layer connection, from which the amplified output current can be obtained at the throughput port, which can be functioned as the electronic operational amplifier (op-amp). In application, the WGM output is the amplified signal that can be used for the up (down) link in free space communication network called light fidelity (LiFi). The electro-optic signals conversion can be performed by the stacked layers of silicon–graphene–gold materials. The results obtained have shown that large gain is obtained at the WGM output, which is ~ 5 × $$10^{ - 6}\; {\text{cm}}^{2} \;({\text{V}}\;{\text{sW}})^{ - 1}$$ , when the pumping saturation time is ~ 2 fs. It concludes the suitability of our proposed model for light fidelity, LiFi up-down link conversion.

The effect of an electric field E orthogonal to the quantum-wire axis and a magnetic field H (H ⊥ E, H ‖ E) on conductivity is studied within the context of the parabolic potential model. It is shown that, if the interaction of charge carriers with the rough surface of the nanostructure is taken into account, the charge-carrier mobility μ as a function of increasing E is described by an unsteady oscillating curve. A physical interpretation of such behavior of μ with E is proposed. The specific features of mobility in a transverse magnetic field are discussed.

The properties of electromagnetic waves in an ideal regular waveguide that is characterized by arbitrary cross-section are studied. It is assumed, that the filling of waveguide is multiperiodically modulated in space and time, and the modulation depths are small. By this the modulation of the waveguide filling does not lead to the interaction between different waveguide modes. The wave equations for the longitudinal components of the electric and magnetic vectors are obtained based on the system of Maxwell's equations. They describe the waveguide's transverse-electric (TE) and transverse-magnetic (TM) fields. These wave equations are partial differential equations of second order with periodic coefficients. Using change of variables, they are reduced to ordinary differential equations with periodic coefficients of the Mathieu-Hill type. Under the assumption of small modulation depths of the waveguide filling solutions of these equations are found in the first approximation with respect to the modulation depths in the frequency domain of the “weak” interaction between the signal wave and the modulation wave, when the first-order Wulff-Bragg condition between the waves, reflected from the filling inhomogeneities, is not satisfied. The analytical expressions, obtained in this article for the TE and TM fields, show that in the first approximation in terms of small modulation depths the TE and TM fields are given as a set of three space-time harmonics with specified complex amplitudes and frequencies.

To show clearly that the pseudoscalar charge density is a physical observable, the influence of the pseudoscalar charge density on the spin orientation of a charged spin-\textonehalf{} particle in time-independent electric and magnetic fields is considered. The following results are found: (I). Longitudinal electric field. Because of the interaction of the pseudoscalar charge density with the field, the spin rotates about the axis perpendicular to the direction of propagation and the spin orientation. (II). Transverse electric field. The interaction of the pseudoscalar charge density with the field causes the spin to rotate about the axis perpendicular to the spin and the direction of the field. The interaction of the usual scalar charge density with the field causes the spin to rotate about the axis perpendicular to the direction of propagation and the field. At very low energies, the spin can be rotated through a larger angle in the former case than in the latter. (III). Longitudinal and transverse magnetic fields. There is no interaction between the induced pseudovector current and the magnetic fields.

In this letter, the modal expansion method (MEM) based on orthogonal property of resonant modes is utilized to represent the electric field in a perforated rectangular enclosure. By applying inner product between electric field obtained by finite integration technique (FIT) and transverse electric (TE) or transverse magnetic (TM) mode field respectively, the mode coefficient for each contributing mode can be accurately obtained over the modal bandwidth. Then the electric field in a perforated rectangular enclosure can be represented by the superposition of contributing mode fields multiplying their corresponding mode coefficients. And the figures of mode coefficients' magnitude and phase give an intuitive understanding of the internal electric field. The statistical properties of internal electric fields obtained by FIT and MEM are in agreement with each other. MEM provides a better understanding of the electromagnetic environment in perforated enclosures.

The influence of transverse and lateral electric field on the mid-infrared intersubband light absorption is experimentally investigated in tunnel-coupled GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells. Observed absorption modulation in electric field is related to the electron redistribution between the quantum well states resulting in variation of space charge in the structure. This phenomenon in transverse electric field is connected with a change of potential profile, whereas in lateral field effect is caused by electron heating. Electron heating also leads to a modulation of near-infrared interband photoluminescence under lateral electric field.

This paper studies modulational instabilities of intensely propagating, circularly polarized, plane electromagnetic plasma waves in the presence of an external magnetic field pointing exactly in the direction of propagation. By ‘intense propagation’, we mean that eEo/mw (where Eo is the amplitude of the wave's transverse electric field) is comparable to unity, so that the problem is fully nonlinear and cannot be solved by regular perturbation methods. The positive component may consists of either positrons or singly charged ions. The plasma is assumed to be fully ionized and cold. Modulated intensely propagating electromagnetic waves couple (in general) to longitudinal motions via the ponderomotive force. For given wavenumber, the frequency of the wave depends on the amplitude not only via the obvious mechanism of relativistic mass increase but also via the density inhomogeneities induced by the ponderomotive force. This coupling effectively involves derivatives of the envelope, and the effect of longitudinal motions is comparable to that of relativistic nonlinearities. For this reason, a proper expansion procedure requires verification that one has obtained a self-consistent solution of all the field equations up to the appropriate order, including the longitudinal equations. This is best accomplished using the well-known two-timing approach. Modulational instability arises in the case of an ion-electron plasma with relativistic electrons but non-relativistic ions. However, for parameter values appropriate to pulsar magnetospheres, where the electron-cyclotron frequency is much larger than the frequency of the wave, there is no instability on the time scale of a micropulse.

In the presence of a transverse magnetic field, the charge current in nanowires can flow from the hot to the cold reservoir, but also backwards. The sign change can be obtained by increasing the temperature bias or the magnetic field. This behavior occurs when the magnetic field is sufficiently strong. Here, we will investigate how the size of the anomalous backward-flowing current is affected by an electric field perpendicular to the nanowire. The interplay of the electric and magnetic field modifies the dispersion curves, which will show up in the transport properties. We will also investigate how the presence of impurities affects the anomalous current. The electric field affects backscattering due to impurities, and thus the thermoelectric current reversal. Preliminary results show that the current reversal can survive in the presence of impurities.

We numerically compute seismoelectric wavefields generated at a fluid/porous medium interface by an explosive source in the fluid. Our numerical experiments show that electromagnetic (EM) signals accompanying the P, S, and interface waves can be observed at receivers located in the fluid regions near the interface. Such accompanying EM signals are produced by the inhomogeneous EM waves that are generated by the seismic waves at the interface and their amplitudes decrease with the distance from interface. Under the excitation of an explosive source whose strength is within the capability of industry air guns, electric and magnetic fields that accompany the Scholte wave are on the order of 1 μV/m and 0.01 nT, respectively. This means that the EM signals arising from the electrokinetic effect at an ocean bottom are detectable and suggest that it is possible to measure the EM signals during marine seismic explorations to study the properties of the seafloor material. EM signals that accompany the P, S, and interface waves are also observed in the porous medium region near the interface. Component analysis shows that they contain contributions from multiple modes of waves, among which the slow compressional wave contributes significantly to the vertical electric field, leading to a much stronger vertical electric field than the horizontal electric field during the passage of a seismic wave along the interface.

This chapter has presented the Fourier series expansion method for analyzing the photonic crystal circuit components. The method derives the Floquet-modes by the eigenvalue analysis of the transfer matrix for one periodicity cell in the propagation direction, and the input/output relations are expressed by the S-matrix for the Floquet-modes. The numerical examples for photonic crystal filters, cranks, branches, and couplers have been presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the present method. We have dealt with the photonic crystals consisting of rectangular cylinders only. However, the method is also applied to the photonic crystals consisting of circular cylinders by introducing the staircase approximation or using a numerical integration to derive the transfer matrix for one periodicity cell. Also, when the number of rows of cylinders on each side of the waveguide is not enough, the radiation loss can be taken into account by introducing the perfectly matched layer near the artificial boundaries(Li & Ho, 2004; Yasumoto et al., 2002; Zhang & Jia, 2007).

Momentum boundary layer of viscoelastic second grade fluid taken into consideration with the effect of uniform transverse magnetic field and normal electric field also included in the analysis. Thermal boundary layer formed over the non-isothermal boundary wall, with viscous dissipation and Ohmic dissipation due to transverse magnetic field and electric field has been investigated. The highly non-linear momentum boundary layer equation and thermal boundary layer equation are converted into similarity equations and then solved numerically by employing fifth order Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method with shooting.

A new design of THz frequency carrier generation for radio frequency identification (RFID) application is presented. The dense wavelength division multiplexing can be generated and obtained by using a Gaussian or soliton pulses propagating within a modified add–drop filter known as a PANDA ring resonator. A system is consisted of a serial nonlinear microring resonator system. The broad bandwidth of THz signals can be obtained and available for useful applications. The selected signals can be filtered and obtained by using the add/drop filter. Results obtained have shown that the increasing in channel capacity can be obtained and useful for the large demand of RFID applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1339–1342, 2012