SR-CLD: Spatially Resolved Chord Length Distributions for Statistical Description and Visualization of Non-uniform Microstructures

Model Based Estimation of 2D Crystallization Kinetics From Concentration and CLD Measurements

Chord length distributions measurements during crystallization and agglomeration of gas hydrate in a water-in-oil emulsion: Simulation and experimentation

A number of questions related to the length spectrum of surfaces are discussed and in particular the existence of pairs of surfaces which though not isometric are isospectral. Here by isospectral we mean that a pair of bodies have the same distribution of chord lengths. In the Euclidean setting, we study isospectral convex dodecagons found by Mallows and Clark in the 1970's. Starting from their idea, we give constructions for isospectral pairs of hyperbolic surfaces that have no common cover. Since the work of Mallows and Clark is probably unfamiliar to readers with a background in topology/hyperbolic geometry we include expository material on other related topics about the distribution of chord lengths.

Relationship between bed heterogeneity, chord length distribution, and longitudinal dispersion in particulate beds

The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of solvent type on solidification rate of ethyl cellulose(EC) microparticles and particle size/distribution of emulsion droplets/hardened microparticlesduring solvent evaporation process using focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM). ECmicroparticles were prepared by an O/W-solvent evaporation method using various solvents, includingdichloromethane, dichloromethane:methanol (1:1), ethyl acetate and chloroform. The particle size/distribution of emulsion droplets/hardened microparticles was monitored by FBRM. The morphologyof EC microparticles was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The transformationof emulsion droplets into solid microparticles for all solvents occured within the first 10-60 min. Thesquare weighted mean chord length of EC microparticles which were prepared using chloroform wassmallest, but the chord counts was no the highest. The chord length distribution (CLD) measured byFBRM showed that a larger particle size mean gave longer CLD and a lower peak of particle number.SEM data revealed that the morphology of microparticles was influenced by type of solvent. FBRMcan be employed for online monitoring of the shift in the microparticle CLD and detect transformationof emulsion droplets into solid microparticles during solvent evaporation process. The microparticleCLD and transformation process was strongly influenced by solvent type.Keywords: chord length distribution, ethyl cellulose, FBRM, microparticle, solvent.

The effect of continuous inflation of lungs at 30 cmH2O transpulmonary pressure (Ptp) on air-space size was assessed by chord length-frequency distribution analysis. Lungs from gerbils were excised, allowed to collapse freely, and inflated to 30 cmH2O Ptp in a humidified chamber kept at 37 degrees C. When the lungs appeared fully inflated with no observable pleural surface atelectasis, the left lung was occluded while the right was maintained at 30 cmH2O for 10 min longer and then occluded. During this time, the right lung increased its volume from 70 to 100%. Then both lungs were quick frozen, freeze dried, and embedded in glycol methacrylate, and 1- to 2-microns-thick histological sections cut. Lungs from a control group of gerbils were similarly inflated to 30 cmH2O, both left and right were occluded, the left was quick frozen immediately, and the right was frozen 10 min later. Chord lengths of air spaces from cranial and caudal lobes of lungs were acquired using a Dapple Systems image analyzer, and a two-population frequency distribution was generated for analysis with an IBM PC. The results indicate that the volume increase during continuous inflation at 30 cmH2O Ptp was associated with a shift in the chord length distribution toward the smaller chord lengths. A two-population statistical analysis indicated that the inflation resulted in an increase in the relative proportion of smaller chord lengths, with no increase in the mean of this smaller population. We conclude that continuous inflation at 30 cmH2O Ptp results in alveolar recruitment.

Statistical modeling of in-plane permeability of non-woven random fibrous reinforcement

Description of the kinetics of normal and abnormal grain growth in austenitic stainless steel

Mixing energy as a scaling variable for liquid drawdown in stirred tanks

A small wind turbine blade was designed and optimized in this research paper. The blade plays an important role, because it is the most important part of the energy absorption system. Consequently, the blade has to be designed carefully to enable to absorb energy with its greatest efficiency. The main objective of this paper is to optimized blade number and selection of tip speed ratio corresponding to the solidity. The power performance of small horizontal axis wind turbines was simulated in detail using blade element momentum methods (BEM). In this paper for wind blade design various factors such as tip loss, hub loss, drag coefficient, and wake were considered. The design process includes the selection of the wind turbine type and the determination of the blade airfoil, twist angle distribution along the radius, and chord length distribution along the radius. A parametric study that will determine if the optimized values of blade twist angle and chord length create the most efficient blade geometry. The 3-bladed, 5-bladed and 7-bladed rotor achieved maximum values of Cp 0.46, 0.5 and 0.48 at the tip speed ratio 7, 5 and 4 respectively. It was observed that using BEM theory, maximum Cp varied with strongly solidity and weakly with the blade number. The studies showed that the power coefficient increases upto blade number B = 5, while the blade number if increased above 5 then the power coefficient decreases at operating pitch angle equal to 3°. Highest Cp would have solidity between 4% to 6% for number of blade 3 and design point tip speed ratio of about "7". Highest Cp would have solidity ranging from 5% to 10% for number of blade 5 and 7 and design point tip speed ratio of about 5 and 4 respectively.

Effect of local spatial location on chord length distribution in stirred tank

7. For an improvement in the machinery for spinning cotton, &c.; John Brown, Stonington, New London county, Connecticut, June 13

Online ice crystal size measurements by the focused beam reflectance method (FBRM) during sorbet freezing

Study growth kinetics in fluidized bed granulation with at-line FBRM

Online ice crystal size measurements during sorbet freezing by means of the focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) technology. Influence of operating conditions