Stock Watch

Production is an activity carried out by a company to add use to an object or create new objects that are more useful for everyone to meet their needs. The Covid-19 pandemic has had a major impact on the textile sector. During this pandemic, demand in the local market has decreased significantly. The stock of goods owned by the local market cannot accommodate the decrease in demand. For convection or garment companies, the price of raw materials has increased by up to 30%. This increase certainly has an impact that makes it difficult to get raw materials for the production process. These results indicate that when the price of raw materials increases, there will be an increase in production, but when the price of raw materials decreases, it will make production decreases. An increase in production when the price of raw materials increases is a sign that garment business actors are still trying to meet consumer needs for garment products. This also indicates that garment entrepreneurs continue to increase production when raw material prices increase, which indirectly indicates that the garment industry has good potential to survive the COVID-19 pandemic.

The prices of raw materials necessary for production play an important role in the production decisions of farmers, and thus in shaping the level of supply of agricultural raw materials. The constant increase in the prices of raw materials for production increases its costs. Therefore, it should be noted that the rising prices of fuel and fertilizers affect the decisions and profitability of plant production. In connection with the above, this study attempts to indicate the impact of changes in fertilizer and fuel prices on the profitability of production of selected agricultural crops in Poland. The paper uses secondary data on the price level of fertilizers, fuels and selected agricultural products, as well as the structure of their production costs. Based on the sensitivity analysis, the potential impact of the increase in fuel and fertilizer prices on the profitability of the production of selected species was indicated. The results showed that the increase in the prices of the above-mentioned raw materials can significantly affect the economic efficiency of the production activity.

Introduction Carbon dioxide hydrogenation to methanol is one of the important pathways to realize the large-scale utilization of carbon dioxide and it will favor the development of CCUS industrial chain. Method Thermodynamic characteristics, catalyst development, industrialization progress and technical economics of carbon dioxide hydrogenation to methanol were reviewed. Result Cu-based catalysts, precious metal catalysts and In2O3 catalyst shows good catalytic performance in carbon dioxide hydrogenation to methanol, but they still need to be further improved to increase the carbon dioxide conversion rate and methanol selectivity. Despite the rapid progress in technology of carbon dioxide hydrogenation to methanol, which is currently in the pilot stage, it is presently difficult to apply on a large scale due to high cost of hydrogen and low price of methanol. Conclusion Fortunately, the price of hydrogen will drop with the booming of the hydrogen industry, and the national carbon trading market will also start, which are beneficial to the blossom of carbon dioxide hydrogenation to methanol.

A pilot regional carbon emission trading scheme (ETS) has been implemented in China for more than two years. An investigation into the impacts of different factors on carbon dioxide (CO2) emission allowance prices provides guidance for price-making in 2017 when the nation-wide ETS of China will be established. This paper adopts a quantile regression approach to estimate the impacts of different factors in Shanghai emission trading scheme (SH-ETS), namely, economic growth, energy prices and temperature. The empirical analysis shows that: (i) the economic growth in Shanghai leads to a drop in the carbon allowance prices; (ii) the oil price has a slightly positive effect on the allowance prices regardless of the ordinary least squares (OLS) or quantile regression method; (iii) a long-run negative relationship exists between the coal price and the Shanghai emission allowances (SHEA) prices, but a positive interaction under different quantiles, especially the 25%–50% quantiles; (iv) temperature has a significantly positive effect at the 20%–30% quantiles and a conspicuous negative impact at the right tail of the allowances prices.

The article describes the methodology for construction and the main results obtained by implementing a scenario and modeling system intended for generating scenarios and forecasting the long-term performance of the world prices for steel and metallurgical raw materials.

Dynamic cost forecasting model based on extreme learning machine - A case study in steel plant

This article discusses how in the modern Russian economy domestic and export prices for basic resources—oil, gas, oil products, metals, timber, chemicals, and grain—should be related. The correlation between the level of domestic prices for raw materials and industrialization processes is shown. The need for a coherent industrial policy aimed at a more rapid development of the processing and manufacturing industries is underlined. The conclusion is that the various measures of indirect regulation of domestic prices for basic resources are a natural constituent of a reasonable economic development strategy for Russia. Some possible actions to curb the growth in domestic prices for raw materials and primary products are considered.

Obviously, the fall in the price of raw materials observed since 2014 is not good news for producer countries, especially those in Africa. While some people are already invoking the ‘natural resource curse’ to explain the economic and political fragility that can result from excessive variability in the price of commodities, it should be borne in mind that the trajectory of these countries is in no way predetermined, but depends largely on the macroeconomic context in which they operate, as well as on the quality of the policies implemented to counter the negative effects of this instability. In a difficult context which will probably persist, despite the rebound observed in 2016, producer countries will need to cope with many challenges to maintain a positive trajectory tending towards greater economic diversification.

Depletion of fossil oil deposits and the escalating threat of global warming have put clean energy research, which includes the search for clean energy carriers such as hydrogen and methane as well as the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, on the urgent agenda. A significant technical challenge has been recognized as the development of a viable method to efficiently trap hydrogen, methane and carbon dioxide gas molecules in a confined space for various applications. This issue can be addressed by employing highly porous materials as storage media, and porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) which have exceptionally high surface areas as well as chemically-tunable structures are playing an unusual role in this respect. In this feature article we provide an overview of the current status of clean energy applications of porous MOFs, including hydrogen storage, methane storage and carbon dioxide capture.

HI-Light: A Glass-Waveguide-Based "Shell-and-Tube" Photothermal Reactor Platform for Converting CO2 to Fuels.

In 2020, China put forward the national energy and economic development strategy goal of “carbon peak and carbon neutrality”; in this context, the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide into clean energy and high-value-added chemicals can effectively alleviate the current environmental pressure. This process represents a crucial avenue for the advancement of green energy and the realisation of a sustainable energy development strategy. Among the efficient catalysts designed for CO2 hydrogenation reactions, transition metal cobalt has garnered extensive attention from researchers due to its relatively abundant reserves and low economic cost. This paper first introduces the thermodynamic process of carbon dioxide hydrogenation and discusses methods to improve the efficiency of the catalytic reaction from a thermodynamic perspective. It then briefly describes the reaction mechanism of cobalt-based catalysts in the carbon dioxide hydrogenation reaction. Based on this understanding, this paper reviews recent research on the application of cobalt-based catalysts in the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to produce methane, hydrocarbon chemicals, and alcohols. Finally, the methods to improve the catalytic efficiency of these catalysts are discussed, and future research directions are proposed.

Temas como aquecimento global, crédito de carbono, emissões veiculares e combustíveis renováveis não são novidade na pauta de pesquisadores e centros de pesquisas pelo mundo. A sustentabilidade deixou de ser um modismo para virar uma necessidade e a busca por soluções energéticas limpas tem tomado dimensões cada vez maiores no mundo. No Brasil, o biodiesel e o etanol já são amplamente utilizados em larga escala no transporte rodoviário. Porém, fatores como disponibilidade e preço das matérias-primas e a necessidade de desenvolvimento de biocombustíveis para outras aplicações, como a aviação, mantêm esforços de pesquisadores no desenvolvimento de novas rotas e novos biocombustíveis. Tendo em vista a importância do assunto, foi realizada uma pesquisa no banco de periódicos disponíveis no Portal de Periódicos CAPES/MEC com a finalidade de verificar as tendências e as oportunidades na área de biocombustíveis.

The article characterizes shocks and energy crises in the modern global economy. International markets have periodical changes of supply and demand conditions, supply chains disruptions which causing prices volatility. Global shocks during the COVID-19 pandemic led to a slowdown in the economies, disruptions in global supply chains and a drop in demand and prices for raw materials and energy resources. Russia's war in Ukraine became a global shock and provoked consequent social, migration, economic, financial, logistical shocks. Such shocks as a result of russian military aggression in Ukraine caused global crises – energy, food and financial. International supply and demand shocks affected the nature and outcomes of the European energy crisis. During pandemic since 2020 the energy consumption contracted therefore the demand shock has raised and affected energy prices decrease. Russian aggression in Ukraine in 2023 caused global market uncertainty. supply shocks and prices increase. Especially there was a sharp increase of prices on the energy markets of Europe, which caused significant economic consequences for business and households. Increase in energy prices and market volatility affected inflation, business and population in Europe. The consumer prices inflation in the Eurozone mostly grown since mid-2022 in time of the high energy prices. From the beginning of 2023 the inflation in Europe is gradually reducing following the contraction of energy prices, but forecasted to remain on the relatively high level. At the same time, global factors make it possible to diversify energy sources and overcome the crisis. The energy prices analysis have theoretical and practical significance for the stability of the economy. The principles of solidarity are implemented in the energy sector, in particular in the development of the European Energy Community, to which Ukraine has also joined. The European energy crisis led to improve the efficiency of energy utilization, supply regulation, energy saving, technological progress and the development of alternative energy. The balanced short-term and medium-term measures should be implemented to support energy prices stability.

The hydrogenation of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide on various steel catalysts was studied in the temperature range of 800° to 1,300°F. and at pressures from 5 to 30 atm. The feed gases (3.75 to 20 SCFH) were passed over a catalyst bed of 1/8‐in. steel balls supported in a brass‐lined reactor 0.81 in. in diam. The percentage of carbon oxides in the feed was 30% in the runs using a H2CO2 feed and varied from 15 to 38% in the runs with a H2CO feed. The effects of temperature, pressure, feed composition, space velocity, and mass velocity were studied. Carbon deposition did not affect the activity of the catalyst and could be removed readily.

Urban residential energy switching in China between 1980 and 2014 prevents 2.2 million premature deaths