Strength Design in Steel Using Programmable Calculators

Our method enables the responses of primary converters to be linearized in a practical way in the context of optimal filtering of input signals that reflect the measured parameters in the vast majority of technical objects. The circuits provide faithful and reliable restoration of measured experimental data without extra consumption of working memory and computer time on routine conversion of calibration characteristics. This is extremely important when developing digital computing complexes and real time systems, using large digital computers and minicomputers.

Information technology can either replace human effort and skill or it can complement and enhance it. Computer systems introduced into industry reflect both of these capabilities. In general, the skills replaced by computer systems in industry are mechanical/repetitive skills, although some middle managers are now being by‐passed as large centralised computer systems and networks have made communications between the centre and the periphery more direct and reduced the need for intervening filtering and interpretation. Many computer systems also complement managerial skills by aiding decision making. In the future it is possible that expert systems may replace some managerial skills, but the intuitive and experiential nature of much managerial work makes it unlikely that this replacement will be widespread.

The use of minicomputers in structural analysis

The comparative performance characteristics of COBOL programs in a small versus large computer systems are investigated. The vehicle consists of a set of synthetic benchmark COBOL programs, each measuring a particular aspect of COBOL proigrams; and in addition a large actual COBOL program. Measurement of the CPU execution time and the elapsed clock time for various COBOL computations, data manipulation, and input/output is made on both a large scale computer (IBM 370/158) and a minicomputer (Texas Instruments TI980). Results of a number of such experiments are presented and comparisons made between results gotten from the two systems.

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Cost reduction is an essential and continuous process to meet the competitive environment of product pricing and to increase the profitability of an organization. Integrated cost reduction exercise encompass all the possible avenue., e.g. Alternate material & it's procurement system, batch size, material handling, manufacturing process improvements, logistics and finally review & make changes to derive an optimum design and cost reductions to maximum extent.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents a systematic approach for achieving the cost reduction of an existing 5.7Tonnne LCV truck frame from design consideration. The methodology involves, identification of the components of the frame for the cost reduction, redesign of existing frame compatible to the cost reduction need, preliminary performance evaluation of the present frame and the cost reduction frame, redesign of the frame for the performance, detailed cost evaluation, prototype manufacturing, laboratory testing, vehicle level testing and final release for the mass production. Chassis designers contributed for major design changes to derive maximum cost reduction without compromising durability or performance deterioration due to bending or torsional stiffness changes from existing frame.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">After a comprehensive study, it is identified that deletion of the boxing plate and the replacement of the tubular cross members with channel type cross members will contribute for the potential cost savings of the frame. With these inputs concept design of the cost reduction frame is arrived.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The important performance characteristics of a chassis frame are structural integrity (Strength and Stiffness) and durability. The existing and the cost reduction frames are evaluated based on these performance characteristics.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The final design of the cost reduction frame is arrived based on CAE analysis of the frame for structural integrity, Number of iterative operations got eliminated due to the use of multidisciplinary optimization (MDO) package. Different load cases which focus on strength and stiffness of the frame are considered as an example.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Bending and torsional stiffness of the existing and the cost reduction frames are also measured in the test rig. It is found that bending stiffness of the cost reduction frame is 9.15% more than the existing frame and torsional stiffness of the cost reduction frame is closer to the existing frame. It was also found that the durability of the existing and the cost reduction frame in bending is almost same. The test specifications are arrived based on strain measurements on the existing frame in our torture track.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The above methodology helped us in deriving a estimated cost saving of Rs.311/- by the modified frame design. There are other intangible benefits like savings in labour cost due to elimination of the boxing plate, savings in the processing cost of boxing plate welding etc. The estimated cost savings is likely to be double of the above amount and would result in 3.5% of the Chassis frame aggregate cost.</div>

Building large resilient and computer systems can be challenging, especially when temporal predictability is also required. Large resilient systems are typically composed of different networking technologies, for example, using different wired and wireless communication technologies. Building such systems with safety-relevant services demands appropriate system interfaces and algorithmic concepts. In this talk we present some design patterns that are useful to build such large resilient and predictable systems. Often, the underlying communication medium does not provide the reliability and real-time properties that are needed for a concrete application. In such a case the presented design patterns can be implemented as a communication layer on top of the underlying communication system. We discuss design patterns for interaction autonomy, system communication and reliability.

We have developed the RIKEN AJAX browser computing (RABC) system. This system enables the simple realization of large scale Global Computing systems, like the SETI@home project, that take advantage of unused computing resources. Its greatest advantage is that an agent program, which has been traditionally required, does not need to be installed. Volunteers can participate by simply browsing to a Web page provided by the RABC system. This system allows greater CPU cycle resources to be acquired than traditional methods. We have evaluated a performance difference between JavaScript and legacy computer languages.

Various types of computer systems are used behind the scenes in many parts of the telecommunications network to ensure its efficient and trouble-free operation. These systems are large, complex, and expensive real-time computer systems that are mission critical, and contains a database engine as a critical component. These systems share some of common database issues with conventional applications, but they also exhibit rather unique characteristics that present challenging database issues. Major DBMS issues for network management include choosing the right data model, handling two different kinds of data in terms of integrity and recovery constraints, supporting temporal queries, satisfying real-time performance and high availability requirements, and several miscellaneous issues. Some of these issues have been investigated in various areas of database researches, but most of them largely remain in the research stage. Advances in these areas that result in actual integrated implementations for data-intensive, real-time and temporal applications are eagerly awaited.

The notion of a large distributed computing system in support of a program like EOSDIS, carries with it the requirement that the system provide the user with guarantees about the integrity of the data and certain assurances about the security of the network of computing systems. This paper examines the challenges of providing a ‘secure’ open system and how these challenges may be addressed from both an architectural as well as functional viewpoint. The role of discretionary access control, mandatory access control, and detection and control of computer viruses is discussed.It has often been observed that the role of the security engineer is one of restricting access to data, whereas the role of the system architect, of an open system that is encouraging research, should make data easy to obtain and utilize. This paradox is manifest in a system such a EOSDIS where to be useful, the systems data must be easy to obtain, but to ensure the integrity of the data it must exercise some level of security. This paper address the use and role of the Security Services of the OSF Distributed Computing Environment in support of networked applications, such as those that may be used in the implementation of the EOS Science Network. It further examines the role of mandatory access control mechanisms to provide data integrity guarantees. The paper further discusses how a system like EOSDIS may prevent computer viruses using a system of automated detection mechanisms and configuration control.

Some new relationships between the sound pressure at certain points in the farfield and the radiation impedance for certain acoustic sources have been derived from the Helmholtz integral formula. Under special conditions these relationships reduce to exact analytical solutions of problems that can otherwise only be solved numerically. For example, for a cylinder of arbitrary cross sectional shape with the ends vibrating uniformly and the sides motionless the farfield pressure in the direction of the cylinder axis is simply related to the radiation impedance. Such relationships provide helpful checkpoints for evaluating the success of some of the elaborate numerical methods which are currently being developed for attacking previously unsolved acoustic radiation problems with large digital computers. In certain cases, they can also provide new methods for determining radiation impedance from farfield calculations or possibly from farfield measurements. [Work supported by U. S. Navy Underwater Sound Laboratory.]

(1956) N. Rochester, J. H. Holland, L. H. Haibt, and W. L. Duda, "Tests on a cell assembly theory of the action of the brain, using a large digital computer," IRE Transactions on Information Theory IT-2: 80-93

a national defense policy, and in particular in their relation to deterrence. In the course of the last twenty years there has been a considerable growth in methods and theories concerning different aspects of human behavior. In particular, in situations involving conscious choice under conditions of possible conflict or cooperation there has been a development in political science, mathematical economics, programming, psychology, simulation, gaming, and game theory. For several years an expectation was built up that game-theoretical models would make an immediate operational contribution to the applied art and hoped-for science of weapons control. The diplomat, the general, and the social scientist, when confronted with the ill-defined and the uncontrollable, have often hoped for a witchmedicine to solve their problems. A common modern formula for the powerful witch medicine contains a game-theoretic model and a large digital computer. Unfortunately, neither the growth of methodology nor technology by itself can solve problems which require a deep substantive knowledge. This does not mean that the new

A method is described by which large quantities of data, generated at high and variable rates from a large number of test boxes, are recorded on a single eight-channel punched paper tape. The data, which include a record of the occurrence time of each event in 1/10-sec units, are in a compact form, suitable for conversion to standard Hollerith punched card codes and for decoding and summarizing by a large digital computer. Experience with the system has demonstrated a high degree of accuracy and reliability, and low operating cost.

The Bull Run supercritical unit was simulated by a linearized mathematical model based entirely on physical laws and design data, using an approach verified by comparison of an earlier simulation with field tests. A large set of differential and algebraic equations was solved to obtain transient responses. These responses were matched by transfer functions to obtain a process model which represented all significant plant inputs and outputs. In this study, appropriate use was made of a small digital computer, a large digital computer, and an analog computer. The process model of the Bull Run unit is believed to be the most detailed mathematical model which has been obtained for a supercritical electrical generation unit.

The image processing system has become an invaluable tool for today's scientists and engineers. This man/machine system is typically centered around a large digital computer and accompanied by those special image-processing devices and techniques that are required to give the user an ability for restoring distorted images, reducing image noise content, and making special measurements on the data on an ad hoc basis. One such system is described here.