Strengthening Heritage Resilience in a Mining Cultural Landscape through Muon Radiography and Immersive Digital Technologies

The growing availability of complementary geomatics techniques made possible the data collection of a wide variety of objects creating high-quality 3D recordings and representations. Digital photogrammetry proved to be a valuable method to achieve good results in terms of accuracy and quality, exploiting high-resolution images. Mobile Laser Scanners as SLAM devices can produce dense 3D point cloud required to create high-resolution geometric models. In this research project, the data integration from UAV photogrammetry and ‘handheld’ Mobile Laser Scanner has been tested, performing a comparison, evaluation and assessment of their combined use. The efficiency of this approach has been proved for the survey of the ancient city walls of San Ginesio, close to Macerata (Italy). Given the seismic events that seriously damaged San Ginesio and the Marche Region in 2016, the final output defines a suitable baseline for future analysis and restoration activities. Therefore, it wants to prove the necessity to assess novel methods to perform fast and agile acquisition campaigns for the conservation of the fragile heritage.KeywordsUAVMLSIntegrationAssessmentGeomaticsCultural heritageRestoration

Under the current ‘double carbon’ policy, the building materials manufacturing industry has seriously restricted the improvement of social and environmental benefits. Digital green innovation (DGI) in photovoltaic building materials enterprises (PBMES) plays a crucial role in solving the problems of high-quality environmental and economic development. In order to make the DGI of PBMES more effective, it is very critical to evaluate the performance of the DGI activities of PBMES. First, the evaluation index system is constructed. Then, it constructs the theoretical framework of the DGI performance evaluation of PBMES. After that, on the basis of combining various evaluation methods, a combination evaluation model based on compatibility and consistency was constructed and the convergence test and consistency test of the combination evaluation results were carried out by means of the variance method and Spearman rank correlation coefficient, which verified the scientificity and validity of the method. Finally, using the evaluation model, 16 PBMES were empirically studied. It reflected that the DGI performance evaluation index system of PBMES is composed of four indexes, namely, technology input, economic output, scientific and technological output, and social effect. The key factors affecting the DGI performance of PBMES are the investment in talent training, the proportion of digital technology in green products, the success rate of digital innovation product development increased by DGI cooperation, and the digital level of adopting environmental management system. This article combines consistency-based evaluation methods to not only obtain reasonable evaluation results, but also fully utilize multi-level methods to better describe the evaluation object. The means provided in this article are a new way to solve the DGI performance evaluation of PBMES.

Flexible pavements constitute a critical infrastructure that, throughout its life cycle, faces degradation caused by climatic variables and traffic loads. This deterioration affects their mechanical properties, leading to cracks and failures that reduce their functionality and longevity. It is therefore imperative that advanced analytical methodologies are applied to identify the appropriate level of intervention to ensure their optimal serviceability. Recently, technological innovations have emerged that allow the detailed assessment of flexible pavements in an efficient manner, covering large areas in a short time. This research focuses on whether drone photogrammetry (UAV) or mobile laser scanning (MLS) is more appropriate for the diagnosis of surface imperfections in flexible pavements in the context of developing countries, as well as the impacts that its adoption could have on road assessment. The qualitative study is based on a literature review and uses the Choosing by Advantages (CBA) method to evaluate and compare the decisive qualities in the selection of technologies. The results indicate that the mobile laser scanner provides accurate topographic and geometric characterisation at the millimetre level. However, drone photogrammetry, standing out for its high flexibility, low cost and ease of operation, presents itself as the most viable solution for continuous road condition monitoring.

Abstract. The rapid evolution of digital technologies, particularly low-cost solutions, has significantly impacted cultural heritage conservation. This study presents the application of these technologies in the valorization of the Medici Villas in Tuscany, a UNESCO World Heritage site. By leveraging drones, short-range photogrammetry (SfM), and GIS integration, the project successfully developed accurate and georeferenced 3D models of the villas and surrounding landscapes. These models enhance digital preservation efforts while promoting sustainable and inclusive tourism through immersive virtual experiences and cycling routes. The project highlights the potential of integrating low-cost digital tools in cultural heritage management, offering a replicable model that aligns with contemporary sustainability goals. By making cultural heritage accessible through both physical and digital means, this initiative contributes to the preservation and promotion of Italy's rich historical assets.

Ancient monumental complexes need continuous analysis and monitoring operations to preserve a good conservation status. For this reason, the analysis of decay and alteration phenomena represents one of the main activities for their preservation. At the same time, the diffusion of Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM) methodology opens new scenarios for the management of Architectural Heritage. The paper describes the workflow based on a Scan-to-BIM approach for the generation of a decay map in an HBIM model. The workflow was applied to a significant case study, the church of “Santa Maria della Grotta” in Marsala (Italy). This church, partially excavated in a sandstone bank, is part of a larger heritage site consisting of a series of hypogea and a Punic necropolis dating back more than a thousand years. The Scan-to-BIM process, relying on an integrated survey combining mobile laser scanning and photogrammetric technologies, enabled the achievement of a complete 3D parametric model of the monument and, altogether, a detailed decay map in a BIM environment. The mapping process focused on the production of thematic maps of perimetral walls according to an abacus of decays implemented in a BIM system, useful for the analysis and conservation of the church. The work demonstrates how the Scan-to-BIM process is an efficient approach for 3D data collection and how it could facilitate the identification and mapping of pathogenic phenomena. Furthermore, the inclusion of this kind of information in the BIM model represents an effective tool for the maintenance and restoration of built heritage.

This study is based on first-hand research data and uses the three steps of Open Coding, Axial Coding, and Selective Coding in grounded theory to conduct an in-depth analysis of the bridges in the historical and cultural context of Jianchuan County, Yunnan, China. A theoretical model of cultural landscape interaction in a specific area also is constructed with bridges as the theme. This research aims to gain insights into the functions and forms of different types of bridges, analyze the long-term interaction patterns between people and rivers, reveal the living and production needs of local people, and determine how bridges in the area are integrated, shaped, and continue to influence the local cultural landscape. This study shows that bridges reflect the interaction patterns between local people and rivers driven by basic needs. Bridges also participate deeply in the cultural landscape along the river, shaping it through their connections. During this process, convenient transportation has transformed the landscape. Bridges have become an important carrier for connecting different communities and cultures, enriching historical and cultural landscapes along rivers, and effectively enhancing agricultural landscapes as well as cultural and ecological values. This study provides an understanding of the dynamic evolution of cultural landscapes in the area and establishes theoretical support for the protection and management of cultural heritage, as well as urban planning, to ensure that historical bridges are effectively protected and inherited in the process of modernization, referencing data to optimize future bridge design and urban space layouts.

This study aims to examine the influence of brand engagement and perceived quality on customer loyalty in the context of GrabBike, a digital ride-hailing service in Medan, Indonesia. The research focuses on understanding the extent to which emotional and functional dimensions drive customer loyalty within digital service ecosystems. The study adopts an explanatory quantitative approach using a structured survey. Primary data were collected from 78 active GrabBike users in Medan. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression via SPSS version 26, preceded by validity, reliability, and classical assumption tests. The results indicate that brand engagement significantly influences customer loyalty (β = 1.015; p < 0.01), whereas perceived quality does not show a significant partial effect (β = 0.032; p = 0.881). However, both variables jointly have a significant effect, as reflected by an F-value of 24.992 (p < 0.001) and an Adjusted R² of 0.384. The findings suggest that customer loyalty in digital services is shaped more by emotional engagement than by perceptions of service quality alone. Therefore, service providers like GrabBike should enhance brand engagement through personalized, participatory communication strategies and long-term user interaction. This study contributes to the literature on customer loyalty in digital services by highlighting the limited direct role of perceived quality and reinforcing brand engagement as a key determinant. It also adds value by exploring a geographically underrepresented urban setting—Medan—as a case study outside Java Island.

<p>Underground4Value is a COST Action (CA18110) aiming at providing adequate cultural, scientific and technical knowledge of the UBH concerning different aspects (i.e. archaeology, geotechnics, history, urban planning, architecture, cultural anthropology, economics, tourism, sustainable development), in a multi-disciplinary context. So far there are 30 participant countries, moreover Tunisia and Mexico.</p><p>The overarching idea is supporting Underground Built Heritage (UBH) conservation, valorization, management, and fostering decision-making through community-led development. The main challenge is how to stimulate social innovations in local communities through heritage management approaches.</p><p>One of the living lab stemmed by the activities of the Cost Action is in center Italy, where are many other hypogea with different function: water reservoir, military-strategic, food storage, cultural or religious function, mines or quarries. Among them the city of Camerano represents a local heritage and a landmark for its network of connected built underground spaces. The local community's self-initiative and the determination and far-sightedness of the local authority allowed to differentiate the local tourism offer leading to success in terms of tourism attractiveness, with more than 25'000 visitors per year. First reliable records date 1327 AC.</p><p>Special attention is given to the digital dimension of Cultural Heritage. An asset for the next decade, in particular after the COVID-19 pandemic. Surveys of the interior environment of the caves were carried out using two laser instruments in different acquisition modes. The use of the static laser scanner requires a longer time for both the acquisition and the subsequent processing phases. The use of a mobile laser scanner, on the other hand, makes it possible to scan and record the underground environment in real time in just a few hours, thus providing a fast and agile solution. This means that it is possible to go more often for constant and rapid monitoring. The integration of spherical photos taken along the route of the caves themselves offers the possibility of creating a virtual reality (VR) tour that can be integrated with a 3D model of the entire underground environment. This allows the caves to be visited from a virtual point of view when they are closed for restoration work or in cases of emergencies, such as pandemic one. </p>