Strong q -analogues for values of the Dirichlet beta function

There are still many arithmetic mysteries surrounding the values of the Riemann zeta function at the odd positive integers greater than one. For example, the matter of their irrationality, let alone transcendence, remains largely unknown. However, by extending ideas of Garland, Borel proved that these values are related to the higher K-theory of the ring of integers. Shortly afterwards, Bloch and Kato proposed a Tamagawa number-type conjecture for these values, and showed that it would follow from a result in motivic cohomology which was unknown at the time. This vital result from motivic cohomology was subsequently proven by Huber, Kings, and Wildeshaus. Bringing together key results from K-theory, motivic cohomology, and Iwasawa theory, this book is the first to give a complete proof, accessible to graduate students, of the Bloch–Kato conjecture for odd positive integers. It includes a new account of the results from motivic cohomology by Huber and Kings.

Recursive formulae satisfied by the Fourier coefficients of meromorphic modular forms on groups of genus zero have been investigated by several authors. Bruinieret al. [‘The arithmetic of the values of modular functions and the divisors of modular forms’,Compositio Math.140(3) (2004), 552–566] found recurrences for SL(2,ℤ); Ahlgren [‘The theta-operator and the divisors of modular forms on genus zero subgroups’,Math. Res. Lett.10(5–6) (2003), 787–798] investigated the groups Γ0(p); Atkinson [‘Divisors of modular forms on Γ0(4)’,J. Number Theory112(1) (2005), 189–204] considered Γ0(4), and S. Y. Choi [‘The values of modular functions and modular forms’,Canad. Math. Bull.49(4) (2006), 526–535] found the corresponding formulae for the groups Γ+0(p). In this paper we generalize these results and find recursive formulae for the Fourier coefficients of any meromorphic modular formfon any genus-zero group Γ commensurable with SL(2,ℤ) , including noncongruence groups and expansions at irregular cusps. The form of the recurrence relations is well suited for the computation of the Fourier coefficients of the functions and forms on the groups which occur in monstrous and generalized moonshine. The required initial data has, in many cases, been computed by Norton (private communication).

In 1960, Sierpiński proved that there exist infinitely many odd positive integers k such that k · 2n + 1 is composite for all integers n ≥ 0. Variations of this problem, using polynomials with integer coefficients, and considering reducibility over the rationals, have been investigated by several authors. In particular, if S is the set of all positive integers d for which there exists a polynomial f(x) ∈ ℤ[x], with f(1) ≠ -d, such that f(x)xn + d is reducible over the rationals for all integers n ≥ 0, then what are the elements of S? Interest in this problem stems partially from the fact that if S contains an odd integer, then a question of Erdös and Selfridge concerning the existence of an odd covering of the integers would be resolved. Filaseta has shown that S contains all positive integers d ≡ 0 (mod 4), and until now, nothing else was known about the elements of S. In this paper, we show that S contains infinitely many positive integers d ≡ 6 (mod 12). We also consider the corresponding problem over 𝔽p, and in that situation, we show 1 ∈ S for all primes p.

The L2 geometry of spaces of harmonic maps S2→ S2 and [formula omitted

In his second notebook, Ramanujan discovered the following identity for the special values of ζ (s) at the odd positive integers where α and β are positive numbers such that αβ = π 2 and m is a positive integer. As shown by Berndt in the viewpoint of general transformation of analytic Eisenstein series, it is a natural companion of Euler’s famous formula for even zeta values. In this note, we prove an analogue of the above Ramanujan’s identity in the functions fields setting, which involves the Bernoulli-Carlitz numbers.

For p a prime ≡ 1 (mod n), where n is an odd positive integer, let k(p, n) denote the least integer k such that the numbers xn and (-x)n, where x = 1,2,…, k, yield all the non-zero n-th power residues (mod p) (possibly with repetitions). Clearly

Let p be an odd prime, n an odd positive integer and C the p-Sylow subgroup the class group of the p-cyclotomic extension of the rationals. When log(p) is bigger than n**(224n**4), we prove that the eigenspace on C attached to the (p-n)-th power of the Teichmuller character is trivial. The proof uses the K-theory of the integers and the Voronoi reduction theory of quadratic forms.

Let p p be an odd prime and q = p m q=p^m . Let l l be an odd positive integer. Let p ≡ − 1 ( mod l ) p\equiv -1~(\textrm {mod}~l) or p ≡ 1 ( mod l ) p\equiv 1~(\textrm {mod}~l) and l ∣ m l\mid m . By employing the integer sequence a n = ∑ t = 1 l − 1 2 ( 2 cos ⁡ π ( 2 t − 1 ) l ) n \displaystyle {a_n=\sum _{t=1}^{\frac {l-1}{2}} {\left (2\cos {\frac {\pi (2t-1)}{l}}\right )}^n} , which can be considered as a generalized Lucas sequence, we construct all the permutation binomials P ( x ) = x r + x u P(x)=x^r+x^u of the finite field F q \mathbb {F}_q .

Let $\mathcal A$ denote a set of positive integers, and let $p(\mathcal A,n)$ denote the associated partition function. Let $\beta $ be an odd positive integer, and let $P(z)$ be a polynomial in $ \mathbb F_2[z]$ of order $\beta $ such that $P(0)=1$. J.-L

Our study included a class of cyclic codes named δ<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">α,ζ</sub>−cyclic codes over the ring <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</i> = F<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2^<i>m</i></sub> + <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">u</i>F<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2^<i>m</i></sub> + <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">u</i><sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup>F<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2^<i>m</i></sub>, where <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</i> is an odd positive integer with <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">u</i><sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> = 1. These codes are modules over the ring <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</i>[<italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</i>, α, δ<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">α,ζ</sub>] with automorphism α and α-derivation δ<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">α,ζ</sub>(where ζ ∈ <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</i>). The structure of ring <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</i>[<italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</i>, α, δ<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">α,ζ</sub>] is presented to develop linear codes over the ring. The center of the ring is characterized for all inner α-derivations δ<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">α,ζ</sub> where ζ is taken as an arbitrary element of the ring fixed by α. In addition, an algorithm was developed and implemented in MAGMA to perform division in this ring. The generator and parity-check matrices for δ<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">α,ζ</sub>−cyclic codes are proposed, and examples of new optimal δ<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">α,ζ</sub>−cyclic codes with better minimum Hamming distance than those already existing in the Markus Grassl code tables are provided.

Type 2 constacyclic codes over [formula omitted] of oddly even length

We discuss the numbers in the title, and in particular whether the minimum period of the Bell numbers modulo a prime p p can be a proper divisor of N p = ( p p − 1 ) / ( p − 1 ) N_p = (p^p-1)/(p-1) . It is known that the period always divides N p N_p . The period is shown to equal N p N_p for most primes p p below 180. The investigation leads to interesting new results about the possible prime factors of N p N_p . For example, we show that if p p is an odd positive integer and m m is a positive integer and q = 4 m 2 p + 1 q=4m^2 p+1 is prime, then q q divides p m 2 p − 1 p^{m^2p}-1 . Then we explain how this theorem influences the probability that q q divides N p N_p .

Letx kn=2θk/n,k=0,1 …n−1 (n odd positive integer). LetR n(x) be the unique trigonometric polynomial of order 2n satisfying the interpolatory conditions:R n(xkn)=f(xkn),R n (j)(xkn)=0,j=1,2,4,k=0,1…,n−1. We setw 2(t,f) as the second modulus of continuity off(x). Then we prove that |R n(x)-f(x)|=0(nw2(1/nf)). We also examine the question of lower estimate of ‖R n-f‖. This generalizes an earlier work of the author.

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Recently, a fast radix-<formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$q$</tex></formula> algorithm for an efficient computation of the type-IV discrete cosine transform (DCT-IV) has been proposed in <citerefgrp> <citeref refid="ref1"/></citerefgrp>, where <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$q$</tex></formula> is an odd positive integer. In particular, based on the proposed fast algorithm, optimized efficient 3-, 5-, and 9-point scaled DCT-IV (SDCT-IV) modules have been derived in <citerefgrp><citeref refid="ref1"/></citerefgrp>. As a response, an improved efficient optimized 9-point scaled DCT-IV (SDCT-IV) module in terms of the arithmetic complexity is presented. The improved optimized efficient 9-point SDCT-IV module requires 17 multiplications, 53 additions, and three shifts. Consequently, the arithmetic complexity of extended fast mixed-radix DCT-IV algorithm for composite lengths is also significantly improved. </para>

The aim of this paper is to classify all monogenic ternary semigroups, up to isomorphism. We divide them to two groups: finite and infinite. We show that every infinite monogenic ternary semigroup is isomorphic to the ternary semigroup O, the odd positive integers with ordinary addition. Then we prove that all finite monogenic ternary semigroups with the same index and the same period are isomorphic. We also investigate structure of finite monogenic ternary semigroups and we prove that any finite monogenic ternary semigroup is isomorphic to a quotient ternary semigroup.