Structural Practices within Integrated Building Design and Construction

Recently, a structural optimization design system linked with a FEM analysis system is going to be useful for a structural design, by a radical development of a computer environment. But, when structural engineers use this design system in practice, complicated operations are required to make an input-data. So this design system is not “a Practical Tool” for designers, we have to develop the structural optimization design system which is used easily for designers.Authors research the CIM for shipbuilding and develop a prototype CIM system. We call this system SODAS (System Of Design and Assembling for Shipbuilding). In the SODAS, designers can design a ship structure by design parameters and evaluate a designed structure by FEM directly.In this study, authors try to integrate a commercial structural optimization design system (GENESIS : which is developed in NASA) with the SODAS. We make relations clear between design parameters in the SODAS and design variables in the structural optimization design system. And we propose the method of system integration used by these relations. In the concrete, we develop the structural optimization design system based on the Product Model which supports designers powerfully by presenting optimal design-values.

Building Information Modeling: Framework for Structural Design introduces a structure and architecture synergy (SAS) framework that helps develop and enhance the understanding of the fundamental principles of architectural analysis using building information modeling (BIM) tools. Based upon three main components: namely, the structural melody, structural poetry, and structural analysis, along with the BIM tools as the frame enabler, this new framework allows users to explore structural design as an art while also factoring in the principles of engineering. The framework stresses the influence structure can play in form generation and in defining spatial order and composition. By highlighting the interplay between architecture and structure, the book emphasizes the conceptual behaviors of structural systems and their aesthetic implications and enables readers to thoroughly understand the art and science of whole structural system concepts. Key Features: Is updated throughout Adds new exercises; cutting‑edge information on the use of AI, Machine Learning (ML), and modelling; and issues of sustainability. Presents the use of BIM technology as part of a design process or framework that can lead to a more comprehensive, intelligent, and integrated building design. Places special emphasis on the application of BIM technology for exploring the intimate relationship between structural engineering and architectural design. Includes a discussion of current and emerging trends in structural engineering practice and the role of the structural engineer in building design using new BIM technologies.

Structural system design is the process of giving form to a set of interconnected components subjected to loads and design constraints while navigating a complex design space. While safe designs are relatively easy to develop, optimal designs are not. Modern computational optimization approaches employ population based metaheuristic algorithms to overcome challenges with the system design optimization landscape. However, the choice of the initial population, or ground structure, can have an outsized impact on the resulting optimization. This paper presents a new method of generating such ground structures, using a combination of topology optimization (TO) and a novel system extraction algorithm. Since TO generates monolithic structures, rather than systems, its use for structural system design and optimization has been limited. In this paper, truss systems are extracted from topologies through morphological analysis and artificial intelligence techniques. This algorithm, and its assessment, constitutes the key contribution of this paper. The structural systems obtained are compared with ground truth solutions to evaluate the performance of the algorithms. The generated structures are also compared against benchmark designs from the literature. The results indicate that the presented truss generation algorithm produces structures comparable to those generated through metaheuristic optimization, while mitigating the need for assumptions about initial ground structures.

This paper proposes a new integrated design method to simultaneously optimize the coupled structural parameters and controllers of mechanical systems by combining decentralized control techniques and Riccati-based control theories. The proposed integrated design method aims at minimizing the closed-loop H2 norm from the disturbance to the system cost. In this paper, the integrated design problems have been formulated in the cases of full state-feedback controllers and full order output-feedback controllers. We extend the current linear time invariant (LTI) control system to a more general framework suitable for the needs of integrated design, where the structural design is treated as a passive control optimization tackled by decentralized control techniques with static output feedback, while the active controller is optimized by solving modified Riccati equations. By using this dual-loop control system framework, the original integrated design problem is transferred to a constrained structural design problem with some additional Riccati-equation based constraints simultaneously integrating the controller synthesis. This reduces the independent design variables from the structural design parameters and the parameters of the controller to the structural design parameters only. As a result, the optimization efficiency is significantly improved. Then the constrained structural design problem is reformed as an unconstrained optimization problem by introducing Lagrange multipliers and a Lagrange function. The corresponding optimal conditions for the integrated design are also derived, which can be efficiently solved by gradient-based optimization algorithms. Later, two design examples, an active–passive vehicle suspension system and an active–passive tuned mass damper (TMD) system, are presented. The improvement of the overall system performance is also presented in comparison with conventional design methods.

Conceptual design of structural systems based on topology optimization and prefabricated components

A simplified method for reliability- and integrity-based design of engineering systems and its application to offshore mooring systems

An approach to automate the design of fixed offshore structures

The recent article by Burdisso and Fuller [‘‘Design of active structural acoustic control systems by eigenproperty assignment,’’ J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 96, 1582–1591 (1994)] does not fully illuminate the contributions of a number of prior authors for a crucial part of the work, that is, the development of weak radiator modes. This comment places the subject development of Burdisso and Fuller in context with the prior art. Further, it demonstrates the similarities of the subject development to prior work published by K. A. Cunefare [‘‘The minimum multimodal radiation efficiency of baffled finite beams,’’ J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 90, 2521–2529 (1991)]. The authors recognize and acknowledge that Burdisso and Fuller’s implementation of the concept, through eigenproperty assignment, is unique and valuable.

Prepared on behalf of the Task Group 1 on Life-Cycle Performance of Structural Systems Under Uncertainty of the Technical Council on Life-Cycle Performance, Safety, Reliability and Risk of Structural Systems of the Structural Engineering Institute of the American Society of Civil EngineersStructural engineering is facing a profound change toward a life-cycle oriented design philosophy in order to address the continuously increasing societal, political, economic, and environmental demand for sustainable structural and infrastructural facilities that minimize risks arising from aging, deterioration, and natural and human-made hazards. Life-Cycle Design, Assessment, and Maintenance of Structures and Infrastructure Systems is a state-of-the-art comprehensive report outlining the current status and research needs in life-cycle of civil structure and infrastructure systems. This book examinesPhysical, chemical, and mechanical processes involved in the degradation mechanisms of concrete and steel structures located in severe environments; Methods and strategies for life-cycle design and assessment of deteriorating structural systems under uncertainty; Life-cycle management concepts for structures and infrastructure networks under uncertainty and the application of such concepts in management process; and Principles and implications associated with the scheduling and application of maintenance policies for deteriorating structures and infrastructure networks. This book serves as a valuable resource to engineers, managers, and government agencies concerned with life-cycle design and maintenance of civil structures and infrastructure systems.

Ship and Ocean Foundation has been conducting the feasibility study on CIM for shipbuilding and its committee has been establishing a conceptual framework for the CIM for shipbuilding. Now the committee has finished the conceptual design to develop a pilot model and has been prototyping it. The pilot model consists of the systems which will hold the keys to the success of the CIM for shipbuilding. One of the systems being prototyped is a structural design system. This paper reports about an expert system which has one of the functions of the structural design system and which incorporates the design method well-known to hull structural designers as “narai design”. This expert system is applied to the transverse sections in hold part of an oil tanker. The result indicates that the system is applicable to generate the design information necessary to production planning earlier in the CIM for shipbuilding.

This paper presents a prototype for a structural analysis and design system by using the STEP for the representation and exchange of information on steel structures, by integrating the product model of steel framed structures of AP 230, the geometric and topological information of Part 42, and the detailed Finite Element Analysis information of Part 104 into an unified system. Thus, the STEP-based system makes engineering information more clearable and exchangeable between computer applications than any other conventional methods. This system may be further extended to incorporate such computer applications as detailed engineering and manufacturing information on steel structures.

Ergonomic requirements in a building must be reliable.They must meet the safety, health, comfort and convenience requirements specified in the building rules, including the ergonomic safety requirements in a traditional Balinese building.Traditionally, the Balinese utilized their body size to gauge their building's size.However, changes in technology and people's lifestyles have already influenced building techniques.To what extent are ergonomic aspects still used in novel Balinese architecture and building structures?This article examined recent buildings in Bali, integrating architecture, construction, advanced technology and traditional building components.This article analyzed the proper building design and structural system that addresses the ergonomics of the house, the indigenous knowledge of the people, and the advancement of technologies through fieldwork, literature study, interviews and structural analysis using SAP 2000.This study discovered that, traditionally, Balinese people utilized their bodies to determine the scale of their buildings, both in terms of space and structural components.As living standards and technology improved, they have begun to forsake the usage of body parts in measuring buildings.Nowadays, buildings have been designed using meter basis measurement, removing the ability to identify the building's owner using the owner's body as the basic standard for measurement.They also abandoned conventional structural techniques in favor of reinforced concrete systems, especially for non-religious buildings, because reinforced concrete frame structures supported by brick walls are more secure than wooden frame structures.However, the integration during the planning process between architecture and structural design process has still been performed.

The research reported in this paper addresses the application of artificial intelligence towards the automation of the engineering design process, in particular the structural design process. The application involves the development of the knowledge based expert system (KBES). The resulting KBES, called Expert-Seisd, is developed in Common Lisp on IBM PS/II system. In this paper, examples demonstrating the implementation of various aspects of the Expert-Seisd as applied to structural design are presented. These include user interface, database, knowledge base, inference engine, and knowledge acquisition.

An optimization method is proposed for the simultaneous design of structural and control systems using the equivalent static loads. The two structural and control systems are not completely independent and need to be considered in a unified fashion. Furthermore, an integrated system design is unavoidable to exhibit a good performance in the time domain. The analysis for the integrated system is conducted for the transient-state in a dynamic manner. The constraints for the structural and control systems are defined in the time domain as well. Therefore, a physically small scale problem in structural analysis easily becomes quite a large scale in an optimization problem. A new equivalent static loads (ESLs) method, which deals with the structural design variables as well as the control design variables, is proposed to solve physically large scale problems. A finite element dynamic equation is defined with control forces and a dynamic response optimization problem is formulated. Linear static response optimization is carried out with the ESLs. The control forces for the linear static response optimization are considered as design variables. Shape variables are utilized to handle the design variables for the control forces. Several examples are solved to validate the proposed method.

Many manual calculations and repeated modeling are required during the traditional structural design process. However, due to the high cost, rural buildings in China cannot be professionally designed and verified by designers as urban buildings, and their safety and economy cannot easily meet the requirements. Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology and intelligent optimization algorithms can effectively improve the structural design process and reduce design costs, but their applications in the field of rural residential buildings in China are limited. Therefore, this paper presents an innovative framework that realizes the structural design of rural light steel frame structures on the BIMBase platform (widely used BIM software in China, BIMBase 2023R1.3). Based on the parametric library of structural components built on standardized component coding, the framework completes the rapid modeling of rural light steel frame structures and the interaction between the BIMBase platform and structural analysis software, SATWE. The improved two-stage simulated annealing (SA) algorithm is applied to the structural design of rural buildings to obtain a design scheme that meets the design requirements and reduces the material consumption as much as possible. Two prefabricated rural light steel frame structures were analyzed to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed framework. The results show the feasibility of the proposed framework. Compared with traditional manual design methods, the design period can be reduced by six times while maintaining comparable levels of material consumption and structural design indicators.