Structuring Effective Student Teams

The vertical information circulation between local governments is asymmetric. Using the concept and method of chaotic organization, a resource-sharing information management model is constructed, in order to provide a path for the integration and sharing of information resources among vertical local governments. This article uses the evolutionary game method to describe the interest game of the city and county governments in the land market under the city governing counties system. By discussing the political relationship of the biological food chain between the politicized economic communities formed by the city and county governments, and combined with the current reality of unclear property rights information in China’s land market, we establish a copy dynamic model to analyze the behavior of government at city and county levels. Finally, it is concluded that through continuous learning and adjustment, the main body of the city and county governments will eventually reach a dynamic balance: the municipal government will eventually relax its strict supervision of the county government, and the county government will develop land with fuzzy property rights, seeking resources for county-level development.

Turnover intention is an essential issue for every organization as retaining experienced and knowledgeable employees is an essential factor contributing to an organization’s competitive advantage and sustainable growth. Governmental and non-profit organizations, in particular, need to develop measures for reducing the increasing rate of turnover among federal officials. This study examines the factors influencing intentions to leave among civil servants in the public administration sector. Therefore, an online survey was undertaken to collect data from the targeted respondents, who are employees and managers working in governmental organizations in Vietnam. By using the convenience sampling method, a total of 300 responses were obtained. Men made up 53.3% of the participants, while women made up the remainder. Nearly 60% of the participants work for governmental and political organizations, and the rest work for state unions. The collected data were then processed via AMOS software and analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling approach. The results indicate that job satisfaction strongly affects employees’ turnover intentions, with a path coefficient of 0.352 and a p-value less than 0.001. In addition, perceived organizational support has a significant positive relationship with organizational commitment, evidenced by the path coefficient of 0.315 and p-value less than 0.001. Overall, the results suggest that organizations are more likely to retain qualified and committed employees when they attempt to develop appropriate training programs and an incentive reward system.

Purpose – This study aims to analyze and assess the relation of freight transportation for regional development in the north zone of Aceh. The impact of freight transportation to accelerate the delivery of goods as observed through several indicators including regulation, retribution, freight entrepreneur, trucker, size of truck bin, punctuality, loading and unloading systems on regional planning supporting has been focus of this study. Design/Methodology/Approach – The freight transportation in north zone of Aceh, covering Lhokseumawe, Aceh Utara, Bireuen, BenerMeriah and Aceh Tengah regencies will be examined. In several indicators including regulation, retribution, freight entrepreneur, trucker, size of truck bin, punctuality, loading and unloading systems the freight transportation will be surveyed for the analysis. The factors which contribute in the development of the area through freight transportation are the economic growth, human resources improvement, management of land use and environmental harmonization. This regional development approach aims to determine a connection between the two variables. Findings – The results of the study show that variables of freight transportation in several indicators including regulation, retribution, freight entrepreneur, trucker, size of truck bin, punctuality, loading and unloading systems have a significant impact on regional development. It is indicated by the value of 0.214 in the regression weight result. Research Limitations/Implications – This research has implications on the relation of freight transportation with regard to several indicators including regulation, retribution, freight entrepreneur, trucker, size of truck bin, punctuality, loading and unloading systems on the regional development based on the aspect of economic growth, human resources improvement, management of land use and environmental harmonization. Practical Implications – The result of this study will be an important input to the Aceh government, county and city governments in the north zone in Aceh to encourage the establishment of a road network to accelerate freight transportation in that region for the development of new economic zones. Originality/Value – This study suggests that freight transportation has the strongest links to significantly influence the activities of regional development, so it can be recommended for the Aceh government, county and city governments in the north zone of Aceh to orient road network policy towards the development of the new economic area and support the implementation of the special economic zones of Arun, Lhokseumawe.

<em>Abstract</em>.—The Devils River is a groundwater-dominated, semiarid river in southwest Texas and considered one of the most pristine rivers in the state. It is one of the last strongholds for multiple species of regionally endemic freshwater fishes and mussels. However, groundwater pumping in the watershed poses an imminent threat to the river and its fragile ecosystem. Reductions in groundwater availability have the potential to result in concomitant reductions in spring discharge and thus instream flows. Base flow reductions would negatively impact many already imperiled aquatic species and degrade one of the state’s most remote and scenic paddling and angling destinations. Development of a comprehensive basinwide fish and mussel conservation plan is ideal due to the relatively small size of the watershed. However, challenges include the isolated location of the river and the low proportion of publicly held lands for implementing on-the-ground conservation measures. To best determine science needs, focus resources, and increase informed stewardship of the river, the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department has partnered with governmental agencies, universities, nonprofit organizations, and landowners interested in preserving this unique resource. Through collaborative research aimed at a better understanding of groundwater–surface water interactions and instream flow needs of endemic species, and by building cooperative relationships with landowners and nonprofit conservation organizations, steps are underway to preserve the esthetic, ecological, and recreational values of the Devils River.

The strategy creates assumptions that should reflect the organization and the surrounding environment. The difficulties in the operationalization of the strategy and the lack of resources for the nonprofit sports organization require effective approaches. This study uses the Business Process Management to support the strategy operationalization using improvement actions according to the existing circumstances of each organization. Based on the action research we analyze the existing situation of nonprofit sports organizations and identify the line of actions to achieve the municipality intended outcomes. The lack of financial resources requires the identification of improvements according to the existing resources. The assessment of the concerns and issues related to stakeholders provides a mechanism to clarify which improvement action should be developed considering the involvement of different board members of the organization. The manager training in nonprofit organizations is an important area to target actions to contribute to the development of the nonprofit organizations, increasing their knowledge. Our findings highlight how the proposed approach can be used in nonprofit sports organization to develop an action plan to engage their business objectives according to its environment.

目前制度信任的實證研究，無論在統計分析方法、資料相容性、和匯合研究發現的能力上都遇到困境，不僅限制了研究者的分析想像，更導致制度信任文獻資料、理論和實證研究之間存在著嚴重落差。本文針對以調查資料來研究制度信任所出現的困境，提出一個「多重等級評量」的分析策略，以等級邏輯迴歸模型為核心之測量和分析設計，有系統地回答以敘述統計所不能回答的問題。本文以台灣為例，運用前後含蓋十四年，三十五個資料檔的資料，闡明此一分析設計對拓展制度信任理論之潛力。模型分析所得之主要發現如下：一、1990到2003年間人們對制度的信任程度持續下降，且下降的速度在增加中；而同期間人際信任的走勢並不明朗。二、民眾對制度的信任程度依高低順序為：專業角色、非營利組織、營利組織、體制、政府組織、職位角色。三、制度失靈風險的因素考慮進來後，有助於推斷，相對於政府組織，為何民眾比較信任非營利組織和營利組織；相對於營利組織，為何民眾比較信任非營利組織。四、民眾以血緣、友緣和地緣形成的信任排序，固然明顯，然而陌生人則排在制度之後，成為最不受民眾信任的對象。

Empirical studies indicate that the implementation of national water policies yields mixed outcomes in terms of their influence on water service provision. While some contexts report improvements in access, quality and sustainability, others continue to experience limited progress due to institutional, financial and environmental limitations. In Mandera County, there are still gaps understanding the effective implementation of these policies, as evidenced by perennial water scarcity, inadequate infrastructure, and unequal distribution of services. The purpose of this study was therefore to determine the effect of stakeholder partnership on the provision of water services in Mandera County. The study was underpinned by Institutional Theory. The study was informed by pragmatism philosophy and employing a descriptive survey research design. The target population comprised 535 participants drawn from various key stakeholders in Mandera County, including the Water Resources Authority, Mandera Office, Mandera County Companies, community leaders, representatives from the Non- Governmental Organization, County Government of Mandera Water Department, and the National Drought Management Authority. The researcher used Slovin’s formula to obtain a sample size of 229 respondents. The study used both descriptive and inferential statistical methods in analysis. The findings were presented on tables. The findings revealed that the coefficient of determination (R Squared) was 0.495, implying that 49.5% of the variation in the provision of water services in Mandera County is explained by stakeholder partnership. The ANOVA results showed that the model was statistically significant in explaining the effect of stakeholder partnership on the provision of water services. The regression coefficient results in revealed a positive and statistically significant relationship between stakeholder partnership and provision of water services (β = 0.683, p = 0.000 < 0.05). In view of the findings, the study recommends that County government of Mandera County Government in collaboration with the Ministry of Water, Sanitation and Irrigation, should institutionalize and upscale multi-stakeholder partnership frameworks to improve coordination in water service provision. Keywords: Stakeholder Partnerships, Sustainable Water Service, Water Provision, Mandera County Water Management in Kenya.

There exist different management models in the current flood pumping station practice. The most common three types of management models include: (1) the local township office carries out the operation and the local contractor performs the maintenance, (2) the local township office carries out the operation but the county (or city) government is responsible for the commission of maintenance work and (3) the county (or city) government commissions contractors to perform both operation and maintenance. Furthermore, different pumping stations are equipped with variants of machine set. The specifications and capacities vary station to station. Therefore, the manpower arrangements and pumping frequencies is not possible fit to a standard planning. Without a unified and fair comparison basis, it would be extremely difficult to assess which management model can achieve the best performance in efficiency, cost reduction and manpower management. This thesis employs Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) to establish an objective evaluation system, which is able to evaluate the working efficiency of flood pumping stations under different management models. This research investigates three flood pumping stations located in northern Taiwan. They are equipped with the same type of machine set, but operated in three different types of management models aforementioned. We collect the crucial causes that might lead to the pumping failure, i.e., failure mode, design the FMEA control table, and then develop a scoring system to evaluate the working efficiency of each station under different management models. The crucial causes include deterioration of material, operating procedure, equipment maintenance, equipment itself and so on. By means of the routine inspection records of each station through the most recent year as input data for the developed system, conclusions are drawn based on the analyses of these case studies. In this research we have successfully shown how to use Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) to quantitatively evaluate the working efficiency of flood pumping stations under different management models. We also effectively differentiate working efficiency resulted from various management models through the established evaluation system. In addition, the use of FMEA control tables is helpful to discover how the failure mode occurred in different pumping stations, by which information the decision of corrective actions can be taken to prevent failure in advance.

To assess the policies and programs on the capacity of prevention and control regarding non-communicable diseases (NCDs) at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCs) at all levels and grass roots health care institutions, in China. On-line questionnaire survey was adopted by 3 352 CDCs at provincial, city and county levels and 1 200 grass roots health care institutions. 1) On policies: 75.0% of the provincial governments provided special funding for chronic disease prevention and control, whereas 19.7% city government and 11.3% county government did so. 2) Infrastructure:only 7.1% county level CDCs reported having a department taking care of NCD prevention and control. 8 263 staff members worked on NCDs prevention and control, accounting for 4.2% of all the CDCs' personnel. 40.2% CDCs had special funding used for NCDs prevention and control. 3)Capacity on training and guidance:among all the CDCs, 96.9% at provincial level, 50.3% at city level and 42.1% at county level had organized training on NCDs prevention and control. Only 48.3% of the CDCs at county level provided technical guidance for grass-roots health care institutions. 4) Capacities regarding cooperation and participation: 20.2% of the CDCs had experience in collaborating with mass media. 5) Surveillance capacity: 64.6% of the CDCs at county level implemented death registration, compare to less than 30.0% of CDCs at county level implemented surveillance programs on major NCDs and related risk factors. In the grass roots health care institutions, 18.6% implemented new stroke case reporting system but only 3.0% implemented program on myocardial infarction case reporting. 6) Intervention and management capacity: 36.1% and 32.2% of the CDCs conducted individualized intervention on hypertension and diabetes, while less than another 20% intervened into other NCDs and risk factors. More than 50% of the grass roots health care institutions carried follow-up survey on hypertension and diabetes. Rates on hypertension and diabetes patient management were 12.0% and 7.9% , with rates on standard management as 73.8% and 80.1% and on control as 48.7% and 50.0%, respectively. 7) Capacity on Assessment: 13.3% of the CDCs or health administrations carried out evaluation programs related to the responses on NCDs in their respective jurisdiction. 8) On scientific research: the capacity on scientific research among provincial CDCs was apparently higher than that at the city or county level CDCs. Policies for NCDs prevention and control need to be improved. We noticed that there had been a huge gap between county level and provincial/city level CDCs on capacities related to NCDs prevention and control. At the grass-roots health care institutions, both prevention and control programs on chronic diseases did not seem to be effective.

Local economic development research assumes that the policy-making process does not happen in a vacuum containing only government officials. The process consists of collaboration between various community actors within a network in pursuit of economic policy goals. However, little empirical work has been done in the past decade to understand which actors have the strongest statistically significant relationships with local officials’ planning of economic development policy. This research note explores the gap by using descriptive statistics and phi coefficient analysis with data from the International City/County Management Association’s 2009 Economic Development Survey-South Region. Findings from the southern United States show that city governments have significant relationships, ranging from weak to moderately strong, with county governments, colleges and universities, and chambers of commerce. Interestingly, cities did not have significant relationships with economic development corporations, state governments, or the federal government in their economic development pursuits.

Reviews the book "Budgets: An Analytical and Procedural Handbook for Government and Nonprofit Organizations," by Michael Babunakis.

Social service organizations have developed quickly as a result of the Chinese government outsourcing services in recent years. The policy of government outsourcing services has been successful in developed countries and is transferred to China mainland. However, there are critical differences between China and these areas. The precondition for success in outsourcing services in Western countries is that the nonprofit organizations are relatively independent and strong. In China, however, the relationship between the government and social organizations is fuzzy, and social organizations are still quite weak. Thus, the effectiveness of social service in the West depends on collaboration between the government and nonprofit organizations (NPOs), during which the boundaries are eliminated and partnership is built. The preexistent boundaries make sure that the government and NPOs could cooperate independently and equally. In China, boundaries should be produced first to assure the effectiveness of the government purchases of social services. This paper focuses on the family integrated service centers in Guangzhou and analyzes the production of boundaries in the process of service delivery strategies. It aims to respond to the partnership theory and theoretical issues regarding the development of social organizations in China.

Although public sector organizations have long been seen as driving the institutionalization of business firms and nonprofit organizations, government agencies themselves have only occasionally been studied as subjects of institutional pressures. This research examines whether public sector organizations, when compared to organizations in the business and nonprofit sectors, are more or less as susceptible to mimetic, normative, and coercive pressures. Using data from the National Organizations Study (Kalleberg, et al., 1996), we discover that governmental organizations are in fact more vulnerable to all three types of institutional forces than other organizations, while the effect of institutional variables on for-profits and nonprofits is more sporadic. The susceptibility of public sector organizations to institutional pressures raises important questions for the field of public administration and has consequences for nonprofits and business firms, which are funded and regulated by government. Institutional Isomorphism and Public Sector Organizations Though it has not penetrated deeply into the public administration literature to date, the new institutionalism in organizational analysis has made significant contributions to our understanding of the dynamics of organizations. It has moved research away from overly rationalistic explanations of organizational behavior toward explanations that recognize that organizations are embedded in larger cultural and political contexts. It has shifted the focus of research from explaining why organizations are so heterogeneous to why organizations are so similar. Over the past decade, as its reach has extended across different topics, institutional theory has focused often on nonprofit organizations, such as art museums (DiMaggio 1991), colleges and universities (Kraatz 1998; Brint and Karabel 1991), humanitarian groups (Christiansen and Molin 1995), associations (Halliday 1993), and drug abuse units (D'Aunno, Sutton, and Price 1991). A number of studies has demonstrated the relevance of the institutional approach to for-profit organizations, including large corporations (Haunschild and Miner 1997; Davis and Greve 1997; Galaskiewicz and Wasserman 1989; Holm 1995), railroads (Dobbin 1995), law firms (Tolbert 1988), and high-tech companies (Suchman 1995; Powell 1998). Some research has also looked at public sector organizations (Tolbert and Zucker 1983; Meyer, Scott, and Strang 1987; Meyer et al. 1988.).

The study sought to evaluate the challenges and effects of radio broadcasting at Ghanaian universities, with a special focus on Radio Universe 105.7FM. The study was conducted to get a knowledge of the issues connected with campus radio broadcasting, the impact of these challenges, and solutions to manage campus radio broadcasting. To achieve the study aims, a mixed research approach and an exploratory research design were used. The study made use of both primary and secondary data sources. The study included fourteen (14) people. To collect data from study participants, the researchers employed a self-administered questionnaire and an interview. Radio Universe operations are hampered, according to the study, by a lack of funds to run campus radio broadcasting, radio licensing and renewal requirements, businesses' unwillingness to place radio commercials on campus radio, infrastructure, equipment, logistics, and operations financing, particularly programming expenditures. The survey also discovered that campus radio station operations encounter difficulties in self-promotion and gaining the requisite personal knowledge to fulfill all commitments. The paper claims that radio operations fall short of society's expectations due to a lack of components judged appropriate for inclusion in public radio programs, which university radio cannot achieve. Managing campus radio operations, according to the research, needs proactive planning, sticking to a specific broadcasting goal, and hiring devoted workers. According to the report, Radio Universe may be managed by maintaining adequate logistics, awarding performance, establishing flexible work schedules, and rewarding stipends to student workers. As a non-profit organization, the report advised that Radio Universe's management seek financial assistance from Non- Governmental Organizations and the government. According to the findings, Radio Universe's human resource managers and leadership should improve their marketing strategies to acquire business patronage for their services. According to the findings, Radio Universe's operations are regularly updated to meet or anticipate the needs of their clientele. According to the report, Radio Universe should consider collaborating with other wellknown radio stations to address the challenges they face in their operations. The paper adds to the body of knowledge on campus radio broadcasting. The research also adds to the body of knowledge about the difficulties associated with campus radio broadcasting. The study also adds to the literature on the influence of radio broadcasting problems on radio station operations.

Although fetal cardiac programs are well established in developed countries, establishing an efficient program in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is still considered a significant challenge. Substantial obstacles usually face the initiation of fetal cardiac service from scratch in LMICs. The primary structural frame of a successful fetal cardiac program is described in detail, emphasizing the required team members. The potential challenges for starting fetal cardiac services in LMICs include financial, awareness-related, prenatal obstetric screening, sociocultural, psychosocial, and social support factors. These challenges could be solved by addressing these barriers, such as collecting funds for financial support, raising awareness among families and health care providers, telemedicine, building international health partnerships, modifying training protocols for fetal cardiologists and sonographers, and initiating support groups and social services for families with confirmed fetal cardiac disease. Initiating a successful fetal cardiac program requires multi-aspect structural planning. The challenges for program initiation require diverse efforts, from modified training and promoting awareness of care providers and the community to governmental and nonprofit organizations’ collaborations for proper building and utilization of program resources.