Study on chitosan/carrageenan core-shell nanoparticles for oral co-administration of insulin/exenatide enhance insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes.

Background: Type 2 diabetes has become a major global public health concern characterized by dysregulation of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism, and results from impaired insulin secretion, insulin resistance or a combination of both Abstract: Acupressure lowers the blood glucose level through a massage at the point of the meridian, which can trigger the calming and uplifting response in the body, Resistive exercise is often recommended for patients with type 2 diabetes to improve physical conditioning and glycemic control. Aim of Study: The current study was conducted to compare between: Effect of resistive exercise and Acupressure on blood glucose level in type 2 diabetes. Subjects and Methods: Sixty patients (34 male 26 female) with type 2 diabetes participated in this study their age ranging from 35 to 60 years. They were selected from outpatient clinic in Internal Medicine, Luxor General Hospital. Group A: Received acupressure therapy (AT on point (Sp-6) which found atone palm width above the tip of inner ankle bone on the back of the shinbone, 3 minutes and repeated 3 times per session on both legs for three times per week for 12 weeks, in addition to hypoglycemic drugs. Group B: Received resistive exercise using dumbbell and sandbag, intensity of exercise for each muscle group determined after assessment of ten repetition maximum (10RM) 40% to 60% of 1RM (1 set 10 repetitions) used for 30 minute 3 time per week for 12 week beside their medication. 10RM reevaluated every 2 week and after 2 week load increase to 2 set 10 repetitions. Method of evaluation was measurement of random blood glucose level measured before starting and after each session glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) fasting blood glucose level, 2 hour post prandial and glucose level and insulin level measured before starting and after end of program. Results: There was a significant decrease in randomized blood glucose, fasting blood glucose and increase in insulin level with no significant differences in HA 1 C and 2 hour post prandial in acupressure group when compared with resistive exercise group. Conclusion: Acupressure is more effective than resistive exercise as a complementary alternative medicine & can be helpful in reducing blood glucose level and increasing insulin levels in type 2 diabetic patients.

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance in the blood because the pancreas is unable to produce insulin. The risk factors that led to diabetes mellitus are reversible and irreversible. The study was aimed at recognizing the effect that pumpkin and tomato pudding (lakuto) have on decreasing blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetesmellitus in Puskesmas Padang Selasa Palembang. It is a quantitative research using quasi-experiment design with pretest and posttest with two groups design. The subjects were mostly 61-70 years old and female. Average levels of blood glucose before treatment are 329,33 mg/dl in the treatment group and 314,07 mg/dl in the control groups. Whereas the average blood glucose level after treatment was 301,43 mg/dl in the treatment group and 304,00 mg/dl in the control groups. The result showed the effects of pumpkin and tomato pudding (lakuto) on blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus type 2 in Puskesmas Padang Selasa Palembang (p-value=0,000). This suggests that pumpkin and tomato pudding (lakuto) may lower blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is characterized by elevated blood glucose. Curcumin has glucose-lowering properties. This review intended to determine if Curcumin can lower blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetic patients. This review intended to determine if Curcumin can decrease blood glucose in type 2 DM patients. Curcumin has a mechanism of stimulating incretin and inhibiting digestive enzymes from reducing blood glucose levels in type 2 DM patients. We systematically searched PubMed for peer-reviewed studies examining the mechanism of Curcumin in decreasing blood glucose in type 2 DM patients. The journal criteria included in this review were a study from 2000 to 2022, randomized control trial using intervention Curcumin, an outcome variable using blood glucose, the full text of the article can be obtained, and the DM patient's age is over 18 years. Two independent reviewers retrieved data o clinical outcomes, studies, and patient characteristics using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Instrument. Quality is evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system. There are 19 studies included in this research, and Three journals meet the requirements. The conclusion is that curcumin can decrease blood glucose in Type 2 DM patients.

Background. To investigate the relationships among blood glucose, mixed saliva glucose, and parotid glucose in type 2 diabetes patients and to evaluate the diagnostic and monitoring value of salivary gland glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes (type 2DM). Material and Methods. Thirty patients with type 2DM and 30 healthy age- and sex-matched individuals were included in this study. Glucose levels in unstimulated mixed saliva and in unstimulated parotid saliva were measured by the glucose oxidase peroxidase method. Results. The blood glucose and parotid salivary glucose levels in type 2DM patients were significantly higher than those in the controls (P < 0.05). The blood glucose, parotid salivary glucose, and mixed salivary glucose were 7.46 ± 1.44 mmol/L, 0.18 ± 0.19 mmol/L, and 3.17 × 10−2 ± 2.84 × 10−2 mmol/L, respectively, in the type 2DM group; the corresponding glucose levels in the control group were 5.56 ± 0.71 mmol/L, 7.70 × 10−2 ± 6.02 × 10−2 mmol/L, and 3.47 × 10−2 ± 2.79 × 10−2 mmol/L. The parotid salivary and blood glucose levels in type 2DM patients were strongly correlated; the linear regression equation for blood glucose and parotid salivary glucose was Y = 6.267X + 6.360, with r = 0.810. However, mixed salivary glucose levels were not significantly different in the type 2 diabetes group compared with the control group. Conclusion. Our results suggest that parotid salivary glucose has potential as a biomarker to monitor type 2DM and as a painless, noninvasive method for the management of type 2DM.

Diabetes Mellitus is a disease that can cause sufferers to lose physical function. The cases will continue to increase from year to year. If not treated immediately, diabetes can cause dangerous chronic conditions. Preventing complications through treatment such as medication and controlling blood glucose levels was needed. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of single and combined physical exercises in reducing blood glucose levels in Type 2 DM patients. The literature review design used three international databases PubMed, ClinicalKey for Nursing, and the Cochrane Library. The literature review was performed on articles published between 2011 to 2022 using Randomized Control Trial designs. A total of nine articles met the inclusion criteria. Results showed that the single physical exercise intervention group and the combined physical exercise proved effective in reducing blood glucose levels compared to the control group. In addition, physical exercises also affect HbA1c, body mass, insulin levels, insulin resistance, adiponectin, IL-6, and short physical performance battery (SPPB). It can conclude through evidence-based studies that single or combined physical exercise interventions are proven to reduce blood glucose levels and HbA1c, also lowering the weight in type 2 DM sufferers. It is suggested to perform a specific review on physical exercises which are better in reducing the blood glucose level as well as other indicators.

This study investigates the antihyperglycemic effects of Gymnema inodorum (Chiang Da), a traditional medicinal plant from northern Thailand, commonly used for managing blood glucose levels. The goal was to evaluate its pharmacological effects, including the inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and its ability to lower blood glucose levels in Type 2 diabetic rats. Ethanol maceration was used to extract bioactive compounds from Chiang Da leaves, yielding gymnemic acids, saponins, and flavonoids. The in vivo study involved administering Chiang Da tea to diabetic rats for 8 weeks, measuring fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels. Results showed a significant reduction in blood glucose levels in the Chiang Da-treated group, comparable to the synthetic drug metformin. In vitro tests also revealed the extract’s concentration-dependent inhibition of alpha-glucosidase, with an IC50 value of 45 µg/mL, indicating moderate potency in delaying glucose absorption. Descriptive and inferential statistics confirmed that Chiang Da tea significantly reduced blood glucose levels, though its effects were less pronounced than metformin’s. These findings support the potential of Chiang Da as a natural alternative for managing Type 2 diabetes, particularly for individuals seeking plant-based treatments. Future research should focus on clinical trials to further evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chiang Da for diabetes management, as well as explore its potential for combination therapy with conventional drugs to enhance therapeutic outcomes.

Although pancreatic islet transplantation outcomes have improved, further refinements are required to extend the insulin withdrawal period. The present study examined whether intravenous D-allose administration improves insulin secretion when pancreatic islets are transplanted into type 1 diabetes model mice. Alterations in casual blood glucose levels, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGGT) results, the number of apoptotic cells in the engrafted cells, and caspase 3, heme oxygenase 1 and nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) expression in the engrafted cells were examined using the following groups of type 1 diabetic model mice with transplanted pancreatic islets: Mice that received an intravenous injection of D-allose (D-group) and those that received physiological saline as a control (C-group). The mice in the D-group had significantly lower casual blood sugar levels for a longer duration than those in the C-group. Regarding IPGGT, mice treated with D-allose exhibited smaller changes in blood glucose levels compared with untreated mice. Consequently, the incremental area under the curve of glucose in D-allose-treated mice was significantly lower than that in D-allose-untreated mice. No difference was observed in the number of engrafted cells between the groups. NOS2 mRNA expression in the engrafted cells of the D-group tended to be higher than that in the C-group. In conclusion, intravenous administration of D-allose significantly improved hyperglycemia and maintained stable blood glucose levels in type 1 diabetic mice after islet transplantation. Since there was no difference in the number of engrafted cells or apoptotic cells with or without intravenous D-allose administration, D-allose was considered to be effective in maintaining the cellular function of insulin secretion.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune metabolic disorder characterized by a pancreatic cells inability to secrete insulin. Diabetic individuals are frequently treated with a multidisciplinary program which includes regular physical exercise. The Spinning cycling is an exercise mode currently practiced by different individuals in gyms and clubs. However, the impact of acute Spinning routines on the blood glucose levels in type I diabetic individuals has not been reported. Here, we reported the acute effects of continuous and intermittent Spinning exercise routines in the blood glucose responses of a diabetic woman (26 years old, 52.8 kg, 161.0 cm and 16.7% of body fat). Three different intensities ranging from 60 to 90% of heart rate reserve were investigated. Overall results suggest that such Spinning routines were able to induce decreases in the blood glucose levels in the type 1 diabetic woman investigated. In addition, continuous light and moderate Spinning routines induced the greater blood glucose concentrations reduction.

Background : Diabetes mellitus is a condition in which blood levels in the body is high due to a disruption in the pancreas gland so the body can not produce or can not use insulin. Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a type of diabetes mellitus that does not depend on insulin or better known as non-insulin-dependent. Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in Central Java was ranked 2nd out of 8 new cases of PTM (Non Communicable Disease), with a percentage of 18.44%. Control efforts can be done by eating high-fiber foods, one of the foods that contain fiber is high enough and potentially lower blood glucose levels, namely bengkuang. Objective: To determine the effect of bengkuang juice on fasting blood glucose level in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Research Methods : Type of quasy experiment study with pretest-posttest control group design. The population is patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 40-60 years in the work area of Kedungmundu Public Health Center in April as many as 60 people. Sampling using non randomized sampling technique. The sample size is 36 people divided into 18 treatment groups and 18 control groups. Intervention given in the form ofbengkuang juice for 14 days. Multivariate test using anova repeated measured.Results : The giving of bengkuang juice controlled by nutrient intake (energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate and fiber) showed no significant effect on decreasing fasting blood glucose level (p = 0.344). Conclusion: Bengkuang juice has no significant effect on decreasing fasting blood glucose level in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The management of diabetes mellitus (DM) involves education, nutritional intervention, and physical exercise, in addition to pharmacological interventions, with the long-term goal of preventing complications through the control of blood glucose levels. Several studies have shown that acupuncture, both conventional acupuncture and electroacupuncture, is useful for lowering blood glucose levels in patients with DM. This study aimed to determine the additional effect of electroacupuncture at the MA-IC 3 Endocrine ear acupoint on fasting blood glucose levels in patients with Type 2 DM who were receiving oral hypoglycemic agents at Banjar General Hospital. In this randomized controlled study, fifty-four study participants who were being treated with oral antidiabetics were allocated into two groups, receiving either electroacupuncture (EA) at the MA-IC 3 ear acupoint with dense disperse wave for 30 minutes or acupuncture at the same point and for the same duration but without EA (No EA). Fasting blood glucose levels were measured before and after the intervention. In Group A (EA), the mean fasting blood glucose (FBG) level decreased from 157.26±24.485 to 142.59±26.771 (p < 0.05), whereas in Group B (No EA), the mean FBG decreased from 149.67±21.485 to 148.74±21.326 (p < 0.05). The difference in the amount of FBG decrease between Group A (EA) and Group B (No EA) was statistically significant (p < 0.05). EA at the MA-IC 3 Endocrine lowers FBG levels to a greater degree than acupuncture with no EA in patients with type 2 DM.

Características y tipos de agonistas del receptor de GLP-1. Una oportunidad más para la individualización terapéutica

Diabetes mellitus is one of the biggest health problems in the world. Diabetes mellitus or what is commonly called diabetes (diabetes) is a disease that causes the patient’s body to be unable to control the level of sugar (glycose) in the blood. At this time, many people are doing treatment by using plants as traditional medicine. One of them is cherry leaves. Kersen leaves are believed to reduce blood glucose levels in type II diabetes mellitus sufferers. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Kersen leaf decoction on blood glucose levels in patients with Type II diabetes in the Bontobahari Community Health Center in 2021. The research design used in this study was a quantitative research design with a true-experimental method (pure experiment) with a pre-post design. Test control group design. The sample used was 38 respondents, with a sampling technique that is probability sampling with simple random sampling. Analysis of the data in this study using the Unpaired T test statistical test. The results of the analysis using the unpaired T-test statistical test obtained p-value = 0.000 (p ≤ 0.05), which means that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. There is an effect of Kersen Leaf Decoction on Blood Glucose levels in people with Type II Diabetes in the Bontobahari Community Health Center Work Area. 2021.

Clove (Syzygium aromaticum flower buds) EtOH extract significantly suppressed an increase in blood glucose level in type 2 diabetic KK-A(y) mice. In-vitro evaluation showed the extract had human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ ligand-binding activity in a GAL4-PPAR-γ chimera assay. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the EtOH extract resulted in the isolation of eight compounds, of which dehydrodieugenol (2) and dehydrodieugenol B (3) had potent PPAR-γ ligand-binding activities, whereas oleanolic acid (4), a major constituent in the EtOH extract, had moderate activity. Furthermore, 2 and 3 were shown to stimulate 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation through PPAR-γ activation. These results indicate that clove has potential as a functional food ingredient for the prevention of type 2 diabetes and that 2-4 mainly contribute to its hypoglycemic effects via PPAR-γ activation.

Hypnotherapy is a natural condition for the brain to change habits and lifestyle to be healthy to reduce stress levels and non-fasting blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of hypnotherapy on stress (anxiety) levels and non-fasting blood glucose levels and to assess the reduction in stress (anxiety) levels and non-fasting blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The type of research used was true experimental research with a randomized pre-test-post-test control group design. Twenty subjects were taken randomly with the experimental group given action and the control group not given action, measurements were carried out using pre and post-tests. The research results can be concluded that there is the effectiveness of hypnotherapy in reducing non-fasting blood glucose levels with a p= 0.018 (p&lt;0.05).

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to insulin resistance or impaired insulin secretion. One effort to help lower blood glucose levels is through complementary therapy using natural ingredients such as tomato juice and dragon fruit juice, which contain various active compounds such as lycopene, fiber, vitamin C, and antioxidants.Objective: To determine the effect of tomato juice and dragon fruit juice on 2-hour post prandial blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methods: This research is a case study with two subjects who met the inclusion criteria. The intervention was administered for 7 days, during which subjects consumed tomato juice and dragon fruit juice. Blood glucose levels were measured before and after the intervention using an Easy Touch device. Results: The study showed a decrease in blood glucose levels after administration of both juices. This indicates that the combination of tomato juice and dragon fruit juice can significantly lower blood glucose levels. Conclusion: Administering tomato juice and dragon fruit juice can be an effective complementary therapy in lowering blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.