Study on self-efficacy model of hepatocellular carcinoma based on structural equation

Objective To investigate the level and influencing factors of self-efficacy for peritoneal dialysis patients. Methods A total of 110 peritoneal dialysis patients were recruited and investigated with a self-designed scale, Self-efficacy for managing Chronic Disease 6-Item Scale, Social Support Assessment Scale, Family APGAR Index and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results The score of the self-efficacy was (6.87±2.06) points. Multiple regression analysis showed that anxiety and depression, social support and family function were influencing factors of the self-efficacy, which could explain 44.9% of the variance. Conclusions Improving the self-efficacy of peritoneal dialysis patients can enhance self-care agency and rehabilitation efficacy. Key words: Peritoneal dialysis; Kidney failure, chronic; Self-efficacy

Objective To investigate the self-efficacy levels and its influencing factors of community-based patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD).Methods From October 2008 to March 2009,320 community COPD patients were recruited from a Shanghai community.They undertook questionnaires,scale survey and pulmonary function testing so as to investigate the influencing factors of self-efficacy.Results The total scale of self-efficacy was 74.24 ± 9.50 and the level of selfefficacy in 286 cases( 89.4％ )was intermediate.The knowledge of COPD,social supports,forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) and self-management level were entered into regression equation and could explain 57.1％ of the total variance of independent variables.Conclusions The knowledge of COPD,social supports,FEV1/FVC and self-management level are the major influencing factors of self-efficacy in the COPD patients.We should improve the knowledge of disease and strengthen the psychological care and social supports so as to improve their quality of life. Key words: Pulnonary disease,chronic obstructive; Factors analysis,statistical; Selt-eflicacy

The Test of Gross Motor Development–3rd Edition (TGMD-3) is an instrument for measuring gross motor development in children with and without a disability. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the TGMD-3 in 3- to 10-year-old Iranian children. The TGMD-3 was administered to 1,600 children (M age = 6.56 ± 2.29 years; 50% boys). The content validity of the TGMD-3 was established by five experts while its reliability was assessed through calculating internal consistency, test–retest, intra-rater, and inter-rater reliability coefficients. All reliability indices were excellent (>.82). The two-factor model was validated using confirmatory factor analysis. Adequate fit indices were found for the two-factor model (χ2 (64) = 389.02, p < .05, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = .056, goodnesss of fit index (GFI) = .96, adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI) = .94, normed fit index (NFI) = .96, non-normed fit index (NNFI) = .96, comparative fit index (CFI) = .96, incremental fit index (IFI) = .96, standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = .03). An alternative one-factor model was also tested. Adequate fit indices in a one-factor model were found (χ2 (65) = 615.88, p = .0001, RMSEA = .07, GFI = .94, AGFI = .92, NFI = .98, NNFI = .98, CFI = .98, IFI = .98, SRMR = .03). The psychometric properties of the Persian version of TGMD-3 in Iranian children were supported and users can confidently use this test to evaluate gross motor development in Iranian children.

Objective To study the effect of cross-theoretical model health education on the self-efficacy and cancer-induced fatigue of patients with esophageal cancer. Methods 80 patients with esophageal cancer treated at our hospital from July, 2016 to June, 2018 were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, with 40 cases in each group. The control group carried out routine nursing. The observation group carried out cross-theoretical model health education, including the previous intention stage, the intention stage, the preparation stage, the operation stage, and the maintenance phase. The self-efficacy, cancer-induced fatigue, and life quality were compared between the two groups. Results The scores of positive attitude, self-decompression, and self-decision were significantly higher and the scores of physical fatigue, emotional fatigue and other fatigue were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group (all P<0.05). The good life quality rate was 57.5% in the observation group, and was 35.0% in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Cross-theoretical model health education is helpful to improve the self-management efficacy and life quality of patients with esophageal cancer after operation, and reduce their cancer-induced fatigue. Key words: Radical resection of esophageal carcinoma; Cross-theoretical model; Health Education; Self-efficacy; Cancer-induced fatigue

Objective To investigate the current status of self-perceived burden (SPB), social support and coping style in patients with colostomy after Miles operation, and explore the relationship among them. Methods A total of 129 patients with colostomy after Miles operation who returned visit and hospitalized in two tertiary hospitals of Liaoning province from February 2015 to March 2016 were investigated by self-perceived burden scale (SPBS), medical coping modes questionnaire (MCMQ) and social support revalued scale (SSRS). Correlation among patients′ self-perceived burden, coping style and social support, and the effects of coping style and social support on self-perceived burden were analyzed by Pearson analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis. Results The total score of SPB in patients with colostomy after Miles operation was at a moderate level and the average score was (31.19±4.07). The level of SPB was negatively correlated with the face of coping styles (P<0.01); it was positively correlated with the avoidance and yield of coping styles (P<0.01); it was negatively correlated with social support and the utilization degree of social support (P<0.01). The utilization degree of social support, the avoidance and yield of coping styles can explain 21.8% of the total variance of patients self-perceived burden. Conclusions Nursing staff should guide the patients to take positive coping styles, improve the level of social support and make full use of social support, in order to reduce the level of SPB and improve the quality of life. Key words: Colostomy; Self-perceived burden; Coping style; Social support

Aim: The main purpose of this study is to conduct a structural, and criterion-related validity study of the Short Beck Depression Inventory and to make it available for use by healthcare professionals and individuals conducting research in the field. Method: Designed as a cross-sectional scale adaptation study, this research utilized the 21-item Beck Depression Inventory, the Short Beck Depression Inventory, and the Self-Compassion Scale. Data of the study were collected through Google Forms using extensions transmitted via email and WhatsApp. Results: The mean age of the 178 participants was 21.09±2.12. The statistical findings in the confirmatory factor analysis of the Short Beck Depression Inventory, the X2/DF (23.68/13); the ratio was found to be 1.82, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation: 0.068, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual: 0.046, Root Mean Square Residual: 0.027, Normed Fit Index: 0.95, Non-Normed Fit Index: 0.97, Comparative Fit Index: 0.98, Incremental Fit Index: 0.98, Relative Fit Index: 0.93, and Goodness of Fit Index: 0.96. In the criterion-related validity study, a relationship was observed between the Short Beck Depression Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory and between the Self-Compassion Scale. Conclusion: Upon examining the outcomes of the inventory's confirmatory factor analysis, it was found that all fit indices were within the excellent fit range. The Turkish adaptation of the Short Beck Depression Inventory was concluded to be a highly valid and reliable scale that can be used in clinical settings and research in the adult Turkish population. Keywords: depression, factor analysis, self-compassion

Objective To investigate the current status and influencing factors of self-efficacy in patients from rural area of Xiamen with hypertension in the model of Three Division Co Management. Methods A total of 245 patients with hypertension were recruited and investigated with general questionnaire and Self-efficacy Assessment Scale for Hypertensive. Results The mean score of self-efficacy was 29.59±3.69. Among the patients, 48.6% (119/245) of them had a higher level score on self-efficacy, 45.7% (112/245) of them had the self-efficacy score at the middle level, but 5.7% (14/245) of them were at the low level. The dimensions which index of score from top to low were drug therapy (71.92%), health behavior (68.67%), daily life (65.50%) and compliance behavior (62.33%) in sequence. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that gender and family income were influencing factors of self-efficacy which could explain 13.3% of the variance. Conclusions In the model of Three Division Co Management, the score of self-efficacy among the patients in rural area was at middle level, close to high level, still need to be improved. Health care workers should focus more on the patients, male and whose family income less than 50 thousand yuan per year and help them enhancing self-efficacy to control hypertension efficiently. Key words: Hypertension; Self-efficacy; Three Division Co Management; Rural area; Influencing factors

Specificity in perceived social support in multiple sclerosis patients

Objective To study the effect of transitional care program involving group activities on self-efficacy in patients with cervical cancer. Methods A total of 34 cases from October 2013 to March 2014 in our hospital diagnosed with cervical cancer in parallel comprehensive treatment were selected as the observation group patients, and 34 cases from January to June in 2013 in our hospital diagnosed with cervical cancer in parallel comprehensive treatment were selected as control group. The control group was given routine nursing, while the observation group was given the transitional care program involving group activities. The general self-efficacy table (GSES) and the EORTC QLQ-C30 were compared between the two groups. Results The scores of self-efficacy before intervention were (30.41±5.54) in the observation group and (30.22±6.14) in the control group, which had no significant difference (t=0.241, P>0.05). The scores of self-efficacy after intervention were (46.24±5.33) in the observation group, which was significantly higher than (33.35±8.45) in the control group (t=14.145, P 0.05). The rest 12 domain of the observation group were significantly better than those in the control group (t=3.957, -8.747, -7.654, 4.215, 14.864, 4.156, -39.169, 3.759, 2.996, 2.878, 3.344, 14.621, respectively; P<0.05). Conclusions The transitional care program involving group activities can improve the self-efficacy of cervical cancer patients, enhance patients self-management level and the ability to adhere to health behaviors, and improve the quality of life of the patients. Key words: Cervicla cance; Quality of life; Self-efficacy; Group activity; Transitional care

Background:Andropause is a condition of decreasing testosterone in men that usually begins to occur at about 40 years of age. Many men find it difficult to acknowledge there may be a problem by refusing to even talk about the symptoms.Aims:The study was conducted to the standards of MASSQ (2012) within male older adults to introduce a relevant criterion.Materials and Methods:About 382 men with age range of 50-80 and with the mean age of 65.3 ± 2.32 were sampled with the cluster-ratio sampling method from the eight cities of Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran. The aged samples replied to the 25 items of MASSQ.Results:Coefficients of Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.89), split-half (0.91), convergent validity (0.72), divergent validity (−0.32), and criterion validity (0.67) were estimated, which were significant at P < 0.01. The exploratory factor analysis demonstrated that the 25-items of MASSQ for aged samples are organized into four factors (sexual, somatic, psychic, and behavioral) which clarify 79% of the scale's variance. Second-order confirmatory factor analysis pointed out that the factors are well-matched up onto a principal factor. Consequently, the four-factor model was well appropriate for the data by the fit index techniques for adjusting the scale [adjusted goodness of fit index = 0.92, goodness-of-fit statistic = 0.91, root mean square error of approximation = 0.006, incremental fit index = 0.94, normed fit index = 0.91, comparative fit index = 0.97].Conclusions:The results pointed to the well-adjusted reliability and validity of MASSQ and its usefulness for the relevant studies as well.

The purpose of this article is to adapt and validate the short form of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI-SF) in Spanish. The scale consists of 10 items distributed in 5 posttraumatic growth dimensions measured in the original instrument. The psychometric properties and dimensionality of the scale are examined in a sample of college students (N = 681). Results lend support to the validity and reliability (α = .83) of the PTGI-SF. The dimensions of PTGI-SF show correlations ranging between .29 and .52. In addition, the inventory correlates significantly with deliberate rumination (r = .39) and the search for meaning in life (r = .32). The factor loadings of the items in the confirmatory factor analysis varied between .52 and .87, showing good fit indexes (comparative fit index = .97, Tucker-Lewis index = .93, relative fit index = .90, incremental fit index = .97, normed fit index = .96, and root mean square error of approximation = .05). Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis supported invariance of the PTGI-SF across the 2 groups. Finally, significantly higher PTGI-SF scores were observed in subjects who were actively looking for meaning in life, or had found it after a seeking process, than in subjects who had not looked for meaning in life or had given up because they had not been successful.

This study examines how innovation capacity influences market performance among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the UAE and offers both theoretical and practical contributions. Data from 133 SMEs were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling to assess the effects of five innovation dimensions, namely knowledge management, creativity, collaboration (COL), leadership, and organizational learning (OL), on quick response (QR), product differentiation (PDIF), and market share. The results show that OL and COL play central roles in strengthening SMEs’ ability to respond quickly to customer and market requirements, as well as supporting greater PDIF. Practically, the findings assist SMEs in leveraging innovation capabilities to enhance competitiveness and sustain growth in dynamic market environments. The analysis proceeded in three stages. First, correlation analysis explored relationships among the five innovation capacity dimensions and the three performance indicators. Second, the relationships between QR, PDIF, and overall market performance were examined. Third, the influence of the innovation capacity dimensions on the performance variables was tested. Model fit was evaluated using maximum likelihood estimates and standard fit indices (Chi-square, Goodness-of-Fit Index, Adjusted GFI, Normed Fit Index, Relative Fit Index, Incremental Fit Index, Tucker–Lewis Index, Comparative Fit Index, and the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation). The model results confirm the adequacy of the proposed framework.

This study examined the pattern of sexual harassment in higher institutions in Lagos state. Hypothesising, unlike researchers that there shall be a direct relationship between all identifi ed categories of sexual harassment behaviours thus: physical, verbal, non-verbal and quid pro quo and sexual harassment; and the report of sexual harassment is predicted by gender, physical sexual behaviour and quid pro quo. Six hundred students randomly selected from six higher institutions in Lagos State, responded to Pattern of Sexual Harassment Questionnaire (PSHQ). Results were analysed by the use of path analysis. The produced model adequately fi t the hypothesised model; the chi-square result χ2(6) = 13.02, p = 0.043 < 0.05, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) 0.044 < 0.06, the Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) 0.99, Adjusted GFI (AGFI) 0.97, Normed fi t index (NFI) 0.99, Comparative fi t index (CFI) 0.98 and Incremental fi t index (IFI) 0.100 all > 0.9 all indicate suffi cient good fi tness of the model. Based on the fi ndings of the study counsellors are challenged to become more responsive than before to counselling needs of students in order to discourage sexual harassment and encourage reporting of sexual harassment.

Objective To investigate the expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) 133 in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and its significance in the prognosis of patients with HCC undergoing liver transplantation. Methods One hundred and nine HCC tissue samples were collected and analyzed retrospectively from patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation for HCC and the pathological diagnosis of HCC was confirmed by histopathology in liver transplantation center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2004 to December 2007. Forty-one normal liver tissue samples were collected as control from liver puncture. Clinical pathological data of 109 HCC patients and follow-up data including survival time, tumor recurrence, metastasis and death were collected. Local ethical committee approval had been received and that the informed concent of all participating subjects was obtained. The expression of CD133 was detected by immunohistochemical method in 109 HCC and 41 normal liver tissues, and the relationship between the expression of CD133 and clinicopathological parameters such as ages, sex, alpha-fetoprotein, peripheral blood neurophil to lymphocytes ratio, tumor diameter, tumor number, tumor differentiation degree as well as vascular invasion was analyzed. Results All the patients were followed up and the follow-up period was from 6 to 77 months. Among 109 cases, 37 patients (33.9%) developed tumor recurrence, 24 cases with tumor recurrence in the liver, 6 in the lung, 3 in the abdominal cavity, 4 cases with systemic multiple metastases or bone metastases. Forty patients died during follow-up, among which 35 patients died of tumor recurrence, 3 cases of biliary complications, 1 case of pulmonary infection and 1 case of acute myeloid leukemia. The positive rate of CD133 expression was 40.4%(44/109) in HCC samples, but the expression of CD133 was not detected in normal liver tissue. There was significant difference between two groups(P<0.01). There was relationship between positive expression of CD133 and tumor diameter as well as tumor differentiation grade (all in P<0.05). The 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates in CD133-positive patients were significantly lower than those in CD133-negative patients (χ2=8.008, P<0.05). Conclusions Expression of CD133 is detected in HCC and HCC patients with positive expression of CD133 show poor prognosis after liver transplantation. Key words: Hepatocellular carcinoma; Liver transplantation; Cluster of differentiation 133 antigen; Stem cell surface marker; Prognosis; Tumor recurrence

BackgroundNon-adherence to physical therapy ranges from 14 to 70%. This could adversely affect physical functioning and requires careful monitoring. Studies that describe designing and validation of adherence measuring scales are scant. There is a growing need to formulate adherence measures for this population. The aim was to develop and validate a novel tool named as the General Rehabilitation Adherence Scale (GRAS) to measure adherence to physical therapy treatment in Pakistani patients attending rehabilitation clinics for musculoskeletal disorders.MethodsA month-long study was conducted in patients attending physical therapy sessions at clinics in two tertiary care hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan. It was done using block randomization technique. Sample size was calculated based on item-to-respondent ratio of 1:20. The GRAS was developed and validated using content validity, factor analyses, known group validity, and sensitivity analysis. Receiver operator curve analysis was used to determine cut-off value. Reliability and internal consistency were measured using test-retest method. Data was analyzed through IBM SPSS version 23. The study was ethically approved (IRB-NOV:15).ResultsA total of 300 responses were gathered. The response rate was 92%. The final version of GRAS contained 8 items and had a content validity index of 0.89. Sampling adequacy was satisfactory, (KMO 0.7, Bartlett’s test p-value< 0.01). Exploratory factor analysis revealed a 3-factor model that was fixed and confirmed at a 2-factor model. Incremental fit indices, i.e., normed fit index, comparative fit index and Tucker Lewis index, were reported > 0.95 while absolute fit index of root mean square of error of approximation was < 0.03. These values indicated a good model fit. The value for Cronbach (α) was 0.63 while it was 0.77 for McDonald’s (ω), i.e., acceptable. Test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.88, p < 0.01. Education level was observed to affect adherence (p < 0.01). A cut-off value of 12 was identified. The sensitivity and accuracy of the scale was 95%, and its specificity was 91%.ConclusionThe scale was validated in this study with satisfactory results. The availability of this tool would enhance monitoring for adherence as well as help clinicians and therapists address potential areas that may act as determinants of non-adherence.