Study on the data paralleled and synchronous transmission based on the virtual radio spacecraft control system

An incremental tide in IoT devices prompts a centralized control system where physical controls such as buttons and knobs can become virtual and centralized via augmented reality: especially headset AR. I conduct a literature mapping to identify gaps and create a front-end based virtual control panel API tool to allow programmers and end-users to rapidly create headset augmented reality-based virtual control systems for physical devices. I probe on how an artificial intelligence back-end aids in such a system in terms of panel creation and automation as well as panel usage and control scenarios. I delve into use cases of the virtual control panel API including mass usage and specialized scenarios. Furthermore, I specify the guidelines for a requirements elicitation study for such a system along with potential points of derivation. Next, I probe into implications and limitations of such a system in terms of artificial intelligence, usage, and precision. My work has implications for programmers and users of a virtual control system backed by artificial intelligence for the purpose of controlling physical IoT devices in mass usage as well as in specialized scenarios.

The integration of the significant number of virtual inertia control systems could create new challenges in the implementation of virtual inertia control systems in today and future power systems. Since the large amounts of RESs/DGs have been integrated by the electrical industry into power systems, considerable effort is required to effectively manage the installed virtual inertia control units. This chapter presents the technical challenges and further research needs regarding the virtual inertia control system. The key aspects of the challenges are how to manage changes in system topology created by various virtual inertia control systems as new control units in the network along with the resulted change in system dynamics and how to make the robust power grid by taking the advantage of the potential flexibility of the decentralized/distributed virtual inertia control units. The challenges such as the optimization of the virtual inertia control system and real-time inertia estimation are emphasized for supporting the reliable operation of virtual inertia control units for their application in low inertia power systems with high penetration of RESs. Finally, some important challenges related to the market for inertia service and the regulation of the virtual inertia control system are discussed for further research.

To integrate renewable energy into microgrids with a favorable inertia property, a virtual inertia control application is needed. Considering the inertia emulation capabilities, insufficient emulation of inertia power due to the lower and short-term power of storage systems could significantly cause system instability and failure. To enhance such capability, this paper applies a virtual inertia control topology to the superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) technology. The SMES-based virtual inertia control system is implemented in a microgrid with renewables to emulate sufficient inertia power and maintain good system frequency stability. The efficacy and control performance of the proposed control method are compared with those of the traditional virtual inertia control system. Simulation results show that the shortage of system inertia due to renewable penetration is properly compensated by the proposed control method, improving system frequency stability and maintaining the robustness of system operations.

With the expansion of the application field of robots and the complexity of the work environment and tasks, ordinary robots and various simple end-holding devices that cooperate with them are far from being able to meet the requirements of various dexterity and fine operation tasks. Immersion means that the process of painting is virtual immersion; the expression requirement for painting must be immersive. This research mainly discusses the posture control algorithm and simulation of dexterous hand in virtual reality painting. The research combines the related theoretical basis of the dexterous hand posture control algorithm with VR painting, and explores the immersive experience characteristics brought by VR immersive painting. This research will focus on the three aspects of the action state pattern recognition based on the surface electromyogram (EMG) signal, the algorithm of the dexterous hand virtual control system, and the simulation of the bionic dexterous hand EMG control system. The collection and processing of the surface EMG signal of the forearm were completed. The experiment verified the effectiveness and accuracy of the surface EMG signal feature extraction, feature dimensionality reduction, and classification algorithm, and realized the pattern recognition of eight action states. Using musculoskeletal simulation software and a finite state machine control model, an intelligent bionic dexterous hand virtual control system was established, which realized offline gesture recognition and performance evaluation of the virtual control system. In the environment of large time delay, many painting experiments were carried out, the tasks were successfully completed, and the average completion time was about 4 min. At this stage, most of the finger structures of dexterous hands are in series, and the accumulated error is large, which greatly affects the accuracy of dexterous hands. VR painting is an innovative form of painting with potential space in the future. The results of this research and exploration can reflect the potential possibilities of future painting creation forms.

Tracking and collision avoidance of virtual coupling train control system

Electromyogram (EMG) signals can be measured from human muscles and can be used to anticipate movements. In fact, many researchers have tried to use these signals as an interface tool for a prosthetic hand. However, most of these studies focused on the discrimination performance of the EMG signals, and only discussed the control method for the prosthetic hand. Evaluation of the operating performance while the operator wore the prosthetic hand was seldom reported. This paper proposes a virtual prosthetic control system and presents the analyses of a grasp motion under two different EMG control methods: ON-OFF Digital Control (Digital) and Dynamic Mode Control (DMC). DMC is able to proportionally control the grasping velocity based on the amplitude of the EMG signal. Digital controls the hand at a uniform rate while the amplitude of the EMG signal is greater than a predefined threshold. We conducted experiments with five subjects, and confirmed the usefulness of the developed system.

We review practical case studies of a developing method of highly reliable real-time embedded control systems using a CPU model-based hardware/software co-simulation. We take an approach that enables us to fully simulate a virtual mechanical control system including a mechatronics plant, microcontroller hardware, and object code level software. This full virtual system approach simulates control system behavior, especially that of the microcontroller hardware and software. It enables design space exploration of microarchitecture, control design validation, robustness evaluation of the system, software optimization before components design. It also avoids potential problems. The advantage of this work is that it comprises all the components in a typical control system, enabling the designers to analyze effects from different domains, for example mechanical analysis of behavior due to differences in controller microarchitecture. To further improve system design, evaluation and analysis, we implemented an integrated behavior analyzer in the development environment. This analyzer can graphically display the processor behavior during the simulation without affecting simulation results such as task level CPU load, interrupt statistics, and the software variable transition chart. It also provides useful information on the system behavior. This virtual system analysis does not require software modification, does not change the control timing, and does not require any processing power from the target microcontroller. Therefore this method is suitable for real-time embedded control system design, in particular automotive control system design that requires a high level of reliability, robustness, quality, and safety. In this study, a Renesas SH-2A microcontroller model was developed on a CoMET™platform from VaST Systems Technology. An electronic throttle control (ETC) system and an engine control system were chosen to prove this concept. The electronic throttle body (ETB) model on the Saber® simulator from Synopsys® and the engine model on MATLAB®/Simulink®simulator from MathWorks can be simulated with the SH-2A model using a newly developed co-simulation interface between MATLAB®/Simulink® and CoMET™. Though the SH-2A chip was being developed as the project was being executed, we were able to complete the OSEK OS development, control software design, and verification of the entire system using the virtual environment. After releasing a working sample chip in a later stage of the project, we found that such software could run on both actual ETC system and engine control system without critical problem. This demonstrates that our models and simulation environment are sufficiently credible and trustworthy.

The design of a wireless water level control system is introduced and discussed in detail. In this system, the wireless Proportional Integral (PI) controller is developed using the LabVIEW graphical user programming language. Zigbee wireless technology is chosen for the wireless data transfer system. The experimental testbed was built and the system software and hardware were implemented. In order to compare the performance of the wired and wireless system, a corresponding wired water level control system was built. Experimental results show that under the same PI parameters, the settling time of the wired system is 3.3 times faster than the wireless system. However, the percent overshoot using the wireless controller is 4% smaller.

When developing radio engineering control systems for gas pipelines filled with non-polar gas methane, it is necessary to take into account the effect of humidity on the relative permittivity of methane in decimeter and centimeter wavelength ranges. The calculation of the relative dielectric constant of methane as a function of relative humidity and its frequency dependence are presented.

In modern power systems, there is a greater penetration of renewable sources, resulting in the expansion of microgrid. By implementing RES instead of conventional synchronous machines, the system’s overall inertia is significantly reduced. Modern and future power systems must reduce system inertia and keep the frequency at its nominal value since frequency oscillation impacts on the functionality, stability, and resilience of the system. Therefore, creating a stable, scalable, and reliable virtual inertia control system is crucial to effectively minimize the deviations during significant contingencies. Consequently, taking into account the probable issues, the foremost objective of this research work is to improve the dynamic security of an island microgrid through the implementation of a frequency control concept based on virtual inertia control. In the research study, the proposed microgrid system comprises of photovoltaics, wind-generating units, thermal power units, storage units, electric vehicles (EVs), and loads. A cascaded PIDFN controller is optimally designed using a novel metaheuristic modified differential evolution (MDE) algorithm that regulates the frequency based on virtual inertia control. In the MATLAB®/SIMULINK environment, various operating situations such as load variations, RES, and EVs disconnection are investigated, and the performance of the VIC-based MDE controller was compared to that of other controllers based on evolutionary optimization algorithms such as DE and TLBO. The results validate that the recommended virtual inertia control strategy enhances the reliability of the system.

A solution is proposed to design and build virtual elevator model by software for the elevator manufacturing industry, which realize the communication between virtual elevator model and TwinCAT soft-PLC. To test the correctness of this approach, the ten layer virtual elevator model is simulated through TwinCAT soft-PLC. And the usability of simulation system and the reasonableness of control programming method are verified. The main characteristic in this new research method is to use virtual controlled object and virtual PLC. It means that all research work can be finished with full virtual system and its research results can be used well in elevator manufacturing industry.

In this paper, an adaptive virtual inertia-damping system based on model predictive control (MPC) is proposed to enhance the frequency dynamic performance of islanded microgrids (MGs) considering a high penetration level of renewable energy sources (RESs). Recently, a large amount of RESs is replacing traditional generating units, causing an undesirable effect on the MG frequency stability and system inertia, and thus weakening the MG. Therefore, the proposed control system handles this challenge to enhance the robust performance and stability of the MG with high RESs penetration during contingencies. The proposed online MPC strategy estimates the gains of the virtual inertia control (VIC) system (i.e., inertia and damping coefficients) in high RESs MG. The performance of the proposed adaptive VIC system is compared with the conventional VIC system (i.e., constant values of inertia and damping coefficients) using MATLAB/Simulink under numerous disturbances and system uncertainties. Moreover, the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive VIC system based on the online MPC strategy is verified by comparing its performance with the adaptive VIC system based on fuzzy logic control, which is designed to estimate only the inertial gain. The results highlight that the frequency stability is upgraded, and the adaptive virtual inertia system based on MPC successfully supports low-inertia islanded MGs with RESs and load fluctuations.

Tracking and collision avoidance of virtual coupling train control system

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper proposes a new development method for highly reliable real-time embedded control systems using a CPU model-based hardware/software co-simulation. We take an approach that allows the full simulation of the virtual mechanical control system including CPU and object code level software. In this paper, Renesas SH-2A microcontroller model was developed on CoMET™ platform from VaST Systems Technology. A ETC (Electronic Throttle Control) system and engine control system were chosen to prove this concept. The ETB (Electronic Throttle Body) model on Saber<sup>®</sup> simulator from Synopsys<sup>®</sup> or engine model on MATLAB<sup>®</sup>/Simulink<sup>®</sup> simulator from MathWorks can be simulated with the SH-2A model. To help the system design, debug and evaluation, we developed an integrated behavior analyzer, which can display CPU behavior graphically during the simulation without affecting the simulation result, such as task level CPU load, interrupt statistics, software variable transition chart, and so on. The software has not been modified for this virtual system analysis. This analyzer provides useful information what happens in the system and it should be system HW/SW debugging tools for hard real-time control system. The SH-2A chip was under development during this project, nevertheless we could complete the OSEK OS development, control software design and verification. We already confirmed that this software could run on an actual ETC hardware system without modification after working sample chip released.</div>

Integration, which is understood as the process of functional, informational and hardware integration of sensors of various physical nature, is one of the few areas of development of electronic control systems that simultaneously improve almost all their system indicators of excellence: efficiency, survivability, informativeness, dynamism and mass-dimensional characteristics of on-board equipment. In this regard, the analysis of the impact of integration on the indicators of excellence and the consideration of this impact in the process of developing a new generation of radio control systems is a very urgent task. The purpose of the article is to provide a qualitative assessment of integration opportunities to improve the system performance of next–generation aviation radio control systems. At the qualitative level, the main advantages provided in RESU through integration are considered, and the list of theoretical, applied and technological problems that have to be solved in the development of new-generation guidance systems is highlighted. In addition, the main difficulties that complicate the integration procedure are considered. Based on the analysis of foreign and domestic literature, the main directions of the development of modern and promising integrated RES have been identified.