Study on the Mobile LBS Development Model

Location-based service (LBS) is a kind of mobile valueadded services in mobile communication systems. The development of mobile positioning techniques promotes application of LBS. This paper presents a type of architecture of LBS. In this architecture, TDOA positioning modules are appended into the mobile basestations in order to implement LBS. LBS gateway and application platform are two vital parts in this architecture. LBS gateway modules are added into MSC of the mobile communication networks. LBS application platform is similar to a mobile location server. TDOA positioning modules deal with rough location testing and simple data computing. LBS gateway is a comprehensive management device which processes location information related to the mobile users. LBS application platform incepts location information processed in LBS gateway, cooperates with the mobile terminal and sends location information to the mobile users by proper data format. LBS application platform is developed based on ArcIMS map server which provides a lot of APIs. The application programming flowchart for LBS is implemented in detail in this paper. The real testing in the mobile communication systems shows that the proposed LBS can provide exact location services for mobile users.

The combination of wireless mobile service and spatial information service introduces location-based services (LBS). LBS utilizes GIS, spatial positioning and embedded technologies in mobile computing environment to provide mobile terminal users location relevant information. The purpose of this paper is to design a framework supporting advanced LBS over 4G mobile-IP networks, with the transition of existing LBS services to an all mobile-IP based architecture. The architecture, compositions and challenges for LBS in 4G are discussed. The detailed functions of each component are presented. On the base of this, the research points in implementation including positioning methods, new service management model, mobile spatial data compression and transmission, data cache in mobile terminals are also proposed.

Recent advances in mobile communication and development of sophisticated equipments lead to the wide spread use of Location Based Services (LBS). A major concern for large-scale deployment of LBSs is the potential abuse of their client location data, which may imply sensitive personal information. Protecting location information of the mobile user is challenging because a location itself may reveal user identity. Several schemes have been proposed for location cloaking. In our paper, we propose a generic Enhanced LBS Reference Model (ELRM), which describes the concept, the architecture and the functionalities for location privacy in LBS. As per the architecture, the system ensures location privacy, without trusting anybody including the peers or LBS servers. The system is fully distributed and evaluation shows its efficiency and high level of privacy with QoS.

With the prevalence of smartphones, mobile websites have been more and more popular. However, many mobile websites collect the location information which greatly increases users’ risks of being tracked unexpectedly. The current location access control setting is not sufficient since it cannot prevent the service providers which have been granted location-access permissions from tracking the users. In this paper, we propose a novel location privacy preservation mobile app, called MoveWithMe, which automatically generates decoy queries to hide the real users’ locations and intentions when they are using location-based mobile services. Unlike the existing works on dummy trajectories which may be easily discovered by attackers through data analysis, the uniqueness of the MoveWithMe app is that our generated decoys closely behave like real humans. Each decoy in our system has its own moving patterns, daily schedules, and social behaviors, which ensures its movements to be semantically different from the real user’s trace and satisfying geographic constraints. Thus, our decoys can hardly be distinguished even by advanced data mining techniques. Another advantage of the MoveWithMe app is that it guarantees the same level of user experience without affecting the response time or introducing extra control burdens. Decoys move independently in the back end and automatically submit queries to the same service provider whenever the user does so. Our proposed MoveWithMe app has both iOS and Android versions and has been tested on different brands of smartphones against various location-based services, such as Yelp and TripAdvisor. Experimental results demonstrate its practicality, effectiveness, and efficiency.

No doubt, the usages of mobile agent and mobile phone technologies are rapidly increased. The mobile agent has a promising room in the industry area. Unfortunately, this technology faces some security problems from mobile agents and hosts sides. Two of the fundamental issues in designing protocols for message passing between mobile agents (MAs) are tracking the migration of the target agent and forwarding messages to it. Even with an ideal fault-free network-transport mechanism, messages can be dropped during MA migration. Therefore, in order to provide reliable message delivery, protocols need to overcome message loss caused by asynchronous operations of agent migration and message forwarding. As mobile devices and third generation mobile networks have become a reality, location based services are thought to be a major growing area. Mobile devices are given context sensitiveness so that they can be aware of the users/services surrounding physical environment and state. In this paper we propose message forwarding approaches, namely push and pull, are explored to design adaptive and reliable message delivery protocols.Also location aware services scheme by using an agency, which helps in discovering the required services for the mobile users. The agency consists of five agents: Manager Agent (MA), Route Monitoring Agent (RMA), Local Service Management Agent (LSMA), Global Service Management Agent (GSMA) and Area Monitoring Agent (AMA).

Location based services (LBS) have the potential to make a profound impact on our lives. Many industry sources anticipate that the market for LBS will take off during 2002, with the roll out of GPRS being the driver, rather than that of 3G. The existing LBS infrastructure manufacturers include those who have developed the so-called 911 emergency location services, which have been implemented in the USA over the last year, as well as LBS services such as the marine weather forecasting service, Maritime Nowcasting Service (MNS). Weather data can be described as perishable, i.e., it is highly time-sensitive and its relevance and accuracy have rapid rates of decay. This is comparable with much of the anticipated content of future location based services (e.g., traffic congestion, availability of theatre seats or restaurant tables, the progress of a person, animal or consignment, etc.). The paper gives an insight into some of the infrastructure requirements for the processing and transport of perishable information within a LBS, based on four years experience of operating MNS.

The Location-Based Services (LBS) through wireless pervasive devices at right place and right time could be beneficial to both businesses and their customers. However, the adoption rates of LBS are far from satisfactory, implying that there might be some factors keeping the potential users away from using LBS. This research integrated a qualitative method, Zaltman Metaphor Elicitation Techniques, with the quantitative questionnaire survey to elicit and validate underlying factors which influence potential users' attitude and intentions toward LBS. Our findings can be referenced by service providers for designing and developing successful business applications to catch the revolutionary opportunity and benefit of LBS.

In 2010, Google generated global controversy when their Google Street View cars recorded data sourced from unsecured WiFi networks. While, in February of the same year, mobile social networking service Foursquare became embroiled in its own controversy when it was revealed that much of the traffic on their site was appearing on Please Rob Me.com, a website which streams updates from various location-based networks that shows when users check-in to a geographical location that is not their home. These controversies are of note not just for the salutary lessons they offer about the risks associated with digital data retention, privacy and security. At a more general level, they are noteworthy in that they testify to the dramatically increased public awareness of, and mainstream (especially press) exposure granted to, location-based media services. Such services are now well established and booming commercially, with consumers accustomed to using sat nav devices in their cars, Google maps on desktop and laptop computers and mobile devices, geoweb and geotagging and other mapping applications, and various apps on iPhones and smartphones that use location technologies. Not only do location-based services ‘comprise the fastest growing sector in web technology businesses’ (Gordon and de Souza e Silva, 2011: 9), questions of location and locationawareness are increasingly central to our contemporary engagements with the internet and mobile media. Indeed, as Gordon and de Souza e Silva (2011: 19) suggest, ‘unlocated information will cease to be the norm’ and location will become a ‘near universal search string for the world’s data’ (2011: 20); or, as McCullough (2006: 26) puts it, information ‘is now coming to you . . . wherever you are’ and ‘is increasingly about where you are’. In this special issue, ‘locative media’ is the term that is used to capture this diverse array of location aware technologies and practices. The term ‘locative media’ (that is, media of communication that are functionally bound to a location) is preferred for the precise reason that it is economical and expansive but also precise. That is to say, it captures a lot in two words while also retaining a sense of the term’s very particular history, which is anchored within the field of new media arts. For instance, various sources trace the origin of the term ‘locative media’ back to Karlis Kalnins, who is said to have first proposed it during the Art þ Communication Festival in Riga,

The ubiquity of mobile devices with global positioning functionality (e.g., GPS and Assisted GPS) and Internet connectivity (e.g., 3G and Wi-Fi) has resulted in widespread development of location-based services (LBS). Typical examples of LBS include local business search, e-marketing, social networking, and automotive traffic monitoring. Although LBS provide valuable services for mobile users, revealing their private locations to potentially untrusted LBS service providers pose privacy concerns. In general, there are two types of LBS, namely, snapshot and continuous LBS. For snapshot LBS, a mobile user only needs to report its current location to a service provider once to get its desired information. On the other hand, a mobile user has to report its location to a service provider in a periodic or on-demand manner to obtain its desired continuous LBS. Protecting user location privacy for continuous LBS is more challenging than snapshot LBS because adversaries may use the spatial and temporal correlations in the user's a sequence of location samples to infer the user's location information with a higher degree of certainty. Such user spatial trajectories are also very important for many applications, e.g., business analysis, city planning, and intelligent transportation. However, publishing original spatial trajectories to the public or a third party for data analysis could pose serious privacy concerns. Privacy protection in continuous LBS and trajectory data publication has increasingly drawn attention from the research community and industry. In this chapter, we describe the state-of-the-art privacy-preserving techniques for continuous LBS and trajectory publication.

Location-Based Service (LBS) is an innovative mobile service emerged as the result of the popularity of mobile devices and wireless technology. Different LBS applications (abbreviated as “Apps”) might have their own merits and demerits, and provide users with different operation interfaces and local-based functions. This study used Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) to find the key factors that users would consider while adopting the LBS Apps. The results indicated that users would pay more attention to the location-based information acquisition functions, such as “providing good money-saving opportunities” and “obtaining location-based information”, as well as the “decision convenience”. Furthermore, users also consider the “information accuracy” of the location-based information provided by the LBS Apps as very important. However, “privacy risk” is a trade-off factor that comes together with the requirement of information accuracy. The findings of research result are useful to LBS providers in developing the LBS Apps, and also useful to LBS users in evaluating which LBS Apps are more appropriate for them to adopt.

As the developing of Beidou navigation positioning technology and the wireless Internet, the demand of the mobile phone location service is increasingly urgent. And the location information sharing between each other becomes an important research focus, and also the core of the current location based service (LBS) software. At present, all the related LBS software is based on C/S architecture, developed by the advanced native language. This paper proposes a position sharing service system based on HTML5 positioning and mobile communication network with B/S architecture, to achieve real-time transmission and sharing of location, which at the same time improves the efficiency and decreasing the difficulties of development, meets the basic needs of the current LBS software. And finally, this solution can solve the problem of crossing platforms.

Mobile GIS and location-based services (LBS) are arms of geospatial information and communication technology (GeoICT). Both Mobile GIS and LBSs provide a strong interaction with other geospatial and Information technology that allows for providing up-to-date technology solutions for the public. This certainly helps in expanding the understanding of this new concept of GeoICT, which allow more technology‒user interaction.

In order to satisfy the various requirements of future network services, 5G wireless network is proposed and becoming a hot topic in academic and industrial field. Location-based services are widely used with the development of wireless communication and mobile Internet technology. A number of popular spatial-temporal cloaking technologies have been proposed, and the number of users in an anonymizing spatial region (ASR) is uncontrollable. This paper, based on the semi-trusted server architecture proposes a location cloaking algorithm (LCA) based on combinatorial optimization. First, the semi-trusted server architecture divides the information of mobile users into three parts, so adversaries are unable to obtain the location and identity at the same time, then utilize the spatial $k$ -anonymity algorithm LCA to hide the real locations of user, which controls the number of real users to around $k$ in the anonymous result sets (Aset), so that both the number of users in ASR and the area of ASR are minimized, thereby improving query precision and decreasing the resources consumption. Finally, complete further improvement that the location is distinguishable in ASR and the query contents are diverse in Aset. Simulations show that the LCA performs well on cloaking success rate, query precision, and resources saving.

Designing mobile information services, including mobile Internet services, mobile banking, interactive mobile television, location-based services etc. that capture a mass market has not been easy, and there have been many disappointments over the past years. There are still uncertainties with regard to the kinds of mobile services users want and need. We argue that users wants and needs depend on their context, which means that users should play an important role in the design process of mobile information services, through a structured approach in which developers and users work together. In this paper, we present a group-based approach to include the user early on in the design process in an efficient way. We have applied the group-based approach in three cases, i.e. mobile services for campus visitors, wireless applications for the process industry and services for crisis management. In all cases, involving users early on in the design process enabled the developers to gather useful information for designing mobile information services.

Mobile wireless technology is developing extremely fast in Present times. It is emerging in all the fields of mobile communication such as internet access, location based services, video conferencing system, mobile financial services, mobile entertainment services etc. Mobile networking refers to technology that can support voice and/or data network connectivity using wireless, via a radio transmission solution. In the past, wireless communications predominantly used circuit switching to carry voice over a network; however, more recently both voice and data are being transmitted over both circuit-switched and packet-switched networks. This paper will through the light on evolution of mobile Wireless Communication Technologies along with their significance and to compare the advantages of one over the other. Keywords: Wireless Technologies, 1G to 5G, Cellular Architecture, Mobile Radiation