Stylistics, point of view and modality

It is perhaps unfortunate that the word optimal is used so frequently in the industry with no indication of the sense in which it is to be understood. This can be particularly confusing in development programs when groups working on different parts of the program each consider their individual contributions to be in some way "optimal". The question that naturally arises is whether the overall plan is optimal. From a restricted point of view the optimizing of a field development might be considered as a particular example of optimization theory, such as optimal control or mathematical programming. If, from the outset, an attempt is made to formulate it in such terms, as a well-defined problem for which solutions are readily available, it would both detract from our understanding of the problem and cast the solution in a misleading role. Complex, real-world problems, such as field development, contain elements that are incapable of precise description and may even contain features that are contradictory. Such problems do not have the desirable properties and precise formulations that are necessary if the extensive literature on optimization is to be available for immediate application. In fact, for such problems, the literature is poorly provided with solutions. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the field development problem carefully to see how, and to what extent, quantitative solutions may be sought. Clearly, we must address the problem of what is meant by "optimal" in the context of field development planning and show how it is related to the decision problems. Thus the relevance of objectives, criteria, constraints and information must be emphasised. The type of decision dictates the information required and, therefore, to a great extent the type of model that may be used for evaluation. Because field development planning Is essentially a dynamic problem, time is a prime factor. The prediction of behaviour, upon which decisions are based is a function of the state of knowledge of both the reservoir and the production mechanism and these in turn depend upon decisions made prior to the development decision and the time at which they were made. In real development problems there will never be an adequate description of the system. Hence, all development decisions are decisions in the face of uncertainty. This may be recognized by the introduction of the concept of "fuzziness" which offers more realistic evaluation models.

The study examined the first-person narrative as a spoken approach, using the ideas of Alan Rabatal, to explore different perspectives and uncover the depth of the narrative's Point of view. Several important findings emerged from the study, including that the thoughts and viewpoints of non-narrating characters in the first-person narrative are similar to those in the objective narrative. Labeling the perspective of the first-person narrator is not solely determined by the character's inability to comprehend certain experiences, as in the case of an Anonymous narrator. Instead, the first-person narrator is similar to any character who cannot simultaneously perceive events occurring in different locations. The experiences that the character cannot fully grasp in the first-person narrative are not indications of the narrator's perspective, but rather significant indicators of the author's Point of view. The depth of the narrative persona's perspective and other non-narrating characters is generally limited, but it can be extremely limited or occasionally expand almost boundlessly. While the depth of the first-person narrator's perspective can sometimes approach unlimited, it cannot be completely unrestricted. Conversely, the author benefits from the unlimited depth of perspective, owing to the first-person narrator's inability to fully comprehend events taking place in multiple locations simultaneously.

Research has shown that language can be gender-biased; however, little research has investigated the prevalence of this bias in everyday speech. Using recordings sampled from undergraduates’ daily conversations, we investigated two forms of gender bias: paternalism through use of the infantilizing label girl to refer to women and androcentrism through a tendency to use more masculine (e.g., man, guy) than feminine (e.g., girl, woman) labels in everyday speech. U.S. participants (n = 175) wore the Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR), a device that recorded sound samples from their environments for 30 s every 12.5 min, for up to 4 days. Verbatim transcripts were then analyzed for instances of commonly used labels for females and males (e.g., girl, woman, boy, man). Results indicated that the label girl surpassed all other labels for women, as well as boy labels for men. We also found evidence of a masculine-label bias: Participants used masculine labels more frequently than feminine labels overall. These findings indicate the need for future research to investigate the potential consequences of infantilizing and androcentric language as well as the need for teachers, professors, clinicians, and practitioners of all types to be mindful of how their speech may include, exclude, or infantilize people based on gender.

First, this chapter describes policy implications derived from an economic analysis of the Japanese housing market from four points of view: (1) changes in real estate prices and the impacts on the macro economy; (2) the relationship between housing type and economic welfare; (3) an economic analysis of earthquake risk and the real estate market; and (4) the change in household behavior after the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami. Next, this chapter describes future research topics from three points of view: (i) Designing a Housing Finance System, (ii) Liquidity and Provision in the Rental Housing Market, (iii) Earthquake Risk and Disaster Prevention Polies.

The current study aimed to know the reality of the availability of teaching techniques from the faculty members’ point of view at the Faculty of Science and Arts in Al-Ula at Taibah University, and the effects of non-availability for these techniques. The researcher used the descriptive approach, and the study sample consisted of all members of the original community who are (121) faculty members (male, female). The researcher prepared a questionnaire consisting of (42) techniques for gathering information, and it was verified validity and reliability. The study has come across the following results: It was found that the average mean of the reality of the availability of teaching techniques was satisfactorily with an average of (2.41), and (50.1%) percentage with a degree (disagree) and that is the highest degree of availability of five techniques with a general average of (4.30) and with a (54.4%) percentage with a degree (agree). As for the general mean for the medium techniques, it was (1.84) with a (46.1%) percentage and with a degree (disagree). The lowest levels of those technologies, which are almost non-existent, were with a general average (1.45) with a (68.6%) percentage and a degree (strongly disagree). As the results indicated there are statistically significant differences in the opinions of the study sample individuals on the reality of the availability of teaching techniques according to the gender variable at the level of the tool as a whole in favor of males. Finally, in the light of the results of the study, also the negative effects of the lack of teaching techniques in Science and Arts in Al-Ula were clearly seen and the feasibility of the study as well. The study also concluded to feasibility of the study the reality of the techniques in the college and strengthening the practical side in using the modern methods of the teaching and diversity in exchange of information with the learner, and developing the self abilities for the learner. This study is concluded with several recommendations, the most important of which are: the university administration should ensure the availability of teaching techniques in colleges, keep pace with technological developments, and conduct more future research on ensuring digital quality and the possibility of integration in curriculum design.

Top 10 priorities for future infertility research: an international consensus development study

The musicality of spoken language and the speech-like character of music represent a borderline case, in the research of which linguistics and musicology meet. For the question is to what e2atent intonation can be looked upon ae a linguistic phenomenon and at which point it becomes qualitatively different, i.e. m¢sic. To investigate such peripheries is an ungreatful task for musicology since, instead of approaching real melodies from the genetical, stylistic, formal or generic angles, the researcher must be content with analyzing melodies which are unmelodious in the musical sense and inartistic in the aesthetic sense. In investigating this sphere, a significant task is conferred upon folklore too. For the sphere mentioned above includes all the declaimed tes:ts, be they nursery rhymes or greetings in rhyme preented ceremoniously, indicating the elevated character of events and feasts, just to mention a few examples. It is a well-known fact that the strong intonation, rhythmical lining of declaimed verses or rhyming prose preserve musical beginnings and indicate a kind of common musical ancient past in the tradition of every people. To some extent this holds true for folk tales too, whose presentation also includes an intonation different from that of everyday speech. Naturally, this intonation is at the same time dependent upon the given language dialect as well as the individual range and register of voice of the performer, also representing his or her individual tone dynamics. It is definitely different from everyday speech since its aim is to arouse attention. Thus strong declamation, the changing of different shades of tone serve the purpose of emphasizing the turning points of the plot and at the same time become the possible means of arousing a,ttention and maintaining interest continuously. After what has been said so far, it would seem purposeful to examine our folk tales from the point of view of intonation. Still, this is not the subject of my venture. For no matter how much folk tales overreach everyday speech, it is primarily a spoken language which, of course, possesses certain musical elements. However, our folk tales have a more hidden musical layer which does

This study examines how the relationships between Luke's Gospel and other extant literary works shape the Gospel's narrative point of view. It discusses and evaluates the major proposals for identifying the genre of Luke-Acts and shows that none of the proposed genres alone can account for the all the major literary characteristics of the Gospel. The second section considers how the genre characteristics of Gospel, Hellenistic historical/biographical narrative, and biblical narrative each convey elements of the ideological, spatial/temporal and psychological aspects of point of view of Luke's Gospel.

Modern livestock farm technologies allow operators to have access to a multitude of data thanks to the high number of mobile and fixed sensors available on both the livestock farming machinery and the animals. These data can be consulted via PC, tablet, and smartphone, which must be handheld by the operators, leading to an increase in the time needed for on-field activities. In this scenario, the use of augmented reality smart glasses could allow the visualization of data directly in the field, providing for a hands-free environment for the operator to work. Nevertheless, to visualize specific animal information, a connection between the augmented reality smart glasses and electronic animal identification is needed. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to develop and test a wearable framework, called SmartGlove that is able to link RFID animal tags and augmented reality smart glasses via a Bluetooth connection, allowing the visualization of specific animal data directly in the field. Moreover, another objective of the study was to compare different levels of augmented reality technologies (assisted reality vs. mixed reality) to assess the most suitable solution for livestock management scenarios. For this reason, the developed framework and the related augmented reality smart glasses applications were tested in the laboratory and in the field. Furthermore, the stakeholders’ point of view was analyzed using two standard questionnaires, the NASA-Task Load Index and the IBM-Post Study System Usability Questionnaire. The outcomes of the laboratory tests underlined promising results regarding the operating performances of the developed framework, showing no significant differences if compared to a commercial RFID reader. During the on-field trial, all the tested systems were capable of performing the task in a short time frame. Furthermore, the operators underlined the advantages of using the SmartGlove system coupled with the augmented reality smart glasses for the direct on-field visualization of animal data.

Owing to their professional and personal experiences, retired military orthopedic surgeons' views of their careers are a unique source of inspiration. Reflecting on their experiences allows them to grasp the positive points and those that need to be improved for future generations. The purpose of this study is to gather the opinions of retired surgeons on the career of military orthopedic surgeons. We addressed a questionnaire to all retired French military orthopedic surgeons in the database of the Chair of Applied Surgery for the Armed Forces as of December 2020, retrained in the civilian sector. A questionnaire sent by email made it possible to collect demographic, professional, and personal data about their careers. Subjective data were evaluated using a visual analog scale from 0 to 10 or a subjective qualification scale. The main assessment criterion was the average score (out of 10) of the retired surgeons' opinions on their careers. Fifty-two percent of retired surgeons replied (32 out of 61), with the respondents having an average age of 63 years. They had been in military retirement for an average of 14 years and had practiced for approximately 13.5 years. The majority (28 out of 32) had had a civilian activity after leaving the army. The three main reasons for leaving were the unsatisfactory working environment, the high number of deployments, and insufficient pay. Nevertheless, the respondents were satisfied with their activity, their job, and their training. The average score given for the overall opinion on their careers was 8.14/10. The three main disadvantages of the career that were noted were the quality of family life, the conditions of employment, and the financial aspects. The majority were very satisfied with the second half of their civil career. Overall, the opinion of retired French military orthopedic surgeons on their careers is very good. Their point of view provides interesting elements for reflection from both a professional point of view and a personal point of view. They were very satisfied with the quality of their training, their job, and their activity. However, the quality of their personal/family life, working conditions, and the financial aspects of the career reduced this satisfaction. The results also have potential application in improving the preparation of young military orthopedic surgeons.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects patient involvement in nursing education has on students, patients and academic staff using a specific theoretical framework. DesignMixed-methods systematic review based on Joanna Briggs Institute methodology (Prospero no. CRD42022327158). Data sourcesSeven databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Cinahl, PsychINFO, Scopus, ERIC, Embase), Google Scholar and reference lists were searched. Review methodsQualitative, quantitative and mixed-method studies published from 2012 to 2022 were included. Two reviewers independently assessed the studies for eligibility and quality; any disagreement was discussed with a third reviewer. Data were extracted and analysed according to the Joanna Briggs Institute converged integrated approach. ResultsTwenty-one qualitative, one quantitative and five mixed-methods studies met the inclusion criteria. Data were provided from three points of view: students, patients and academic staff. Student integrated findings included: (i) students' reactions towards patient involvement in education; (ii) students' views on the learning process and (iii) on ethical issue. From the patient point of view, the integrated findings addressed (i) patients' goals and effects on students' learning; (ii) how patients teach and get involved with students; (iii) how patients perceived their role; the patients' views on facilitators (iv) and barriers (v) in education; (vi) the perceived effects of being involved in education. Four integrated findings were derived from the academic staff's point of view: (i) academics' perceptions on patient vulnerability; (ii) perceived barriers to the efficacy of patient involvement in education; (iii) effects of patient involvement in nursing education; and (iv) methodological aspects of patient involvement in university curriculum. ConclusionsThis systematic review provides useful information from all stakeholders' perspectives on the effects of patient involvement in nursing education. It offers a broader view of the implications for implementation and for developing theoretical frameworks and hypotheses for future research.

A medical image workstation designed to act as a cooperative dialogue partner in diagnostic radiology has been conceived, and a prototype has been made. The system can automatically select relevant information (eg, from current and previous examinations) and generate a meaningful and appropriate image arrangement on the display screen. For a number of routinely performed tasks in radiology, the users' interaction may be as simple as switching from one patient to the next. This is shown to considerably simplify and speed up radiological image access and presentation, saving the user time and effort. The cooperative system response is based on explicit (formalized and computer-accessible) models of diagnostic information requirements. These models are context dependent and take into account that diagnostic information needs vary with radiological work procedures, workstation users, and patient cases. Initial models have been acquired from expert radiologists in two European hospitals and were integrated in a cooperative workstation prototype. For the representation of models, rule-based and object-oriented techniques were applied. The rule base was designed with a distinct modular structure, separating between rule sets for general, task-dependent, and user-dependent information requirements. The installed rule-based mechanism also offers a solution for the automatic prefetching of images to avoid transmission delays in the course of diagnostic work sessions. The first part of the report reviews the objectives for the design of cooperative workstation user interfaces and explains the benefits from the users' point of view. In the second part, the acquisition, structuring, formalization, and representation of context-dependent information requirement models is described. The rule-based model is explained using examples. A layered workstation architecture consisting of model, object, and real-time layers is presented. Difficulties in the implementation of cooperative workstations are discussed that point to future research topics and standardization efforts.

Coffee consumption as a public health strategy?

Customers are vital to any organization and system, and must therefore be considered when seeking to improve. However, how to improve with regard to the customer, is not clear, and the knowledge is spread over several research fields, making it difficult for researchers and practitioners to comprehend. The purpose of this literature review is to show how customer-related improvements are described in the literature and how the research is performed. 666 articles were screened, resulting in 99 coded and analysed articles. The study concludes that there is a lack of understanding when it comes to the process of how to improve and that both practitioners and academics should focus more on the system level. It is also seen that by involving the customer in the improvement process, the improvement is more likely to succeed. The article concludes that there is a need for future research which are conceptual, longitudinal, and are addressing actual improvements, not just potential. From the practitioners’ point of view, the article is proposing an increased focus on customer-related improvements which address aspects concerning people, such as employee competence and work environment, and reward systems, rather than strategy and processes to improve the potential benefits.

According to Xu, Buhalis & Weber [1], gamification can enhance the on-site tourist experiences and be a marketing tool. However, the use of games in tourism development by DMOs is still an unexplored topic.The King’s Road in Finland combines the idea of gamified and storified live experiences with a video game. The development idea of a video game introduces King’s Road to a broader audience. The idea of a storified mobile game leads tourists on-site and rebuilds historical sites with augmented reality while leading tourists to less crowded attractions.This paper aims to provide new insights and increase understanding of gamification in tourism. To understand the innovation acceptance among Finnish DMOs, the gamified concept idea of King’s Road was presented to them. With the inductive approach, their feedback was analysed thematically. The findings highlight the obstacles and possibilities of the proposed gamification concept from the DMOs’ point of view. This paper aims to extend the previous research in innovation acceptance by identifying the level of acceptance regarding gamification in this case study and presenting solutions to advance it. Hence, this knowledge works as a basis for future research and development.