Sugarcane nutrition under organomineral fertilizer, phosphate‐solubilizing bacteria, and reduced phosphate doses

O.102 Giant parotid fibrous sarcoma of a child – Case presentation

Chicken litter (CL) is a waste generated by poultry farming and it that has increased significantly in recent years. Due to chicken litter levels of nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, and other nutrients, the CL has a potential use as fertilizer, nevertheless, this purpose has been threatened by the pollution of water resources owing to the leaching and disposal of these nutrients. The production of CL granular organomineral fertilizers (OMF) is one way of minimizing these problems and to add value to poultry waste. Thus, this study evaluates the potential of the use of different binder materials on the improvement of the hardness and nutrient release. For this, five ceramic materials were added in four different concentrations to the powder mixture containing Monoammonium Phosphate (MAP) and CL. The fertilizers were granulated and through hardness evaluation, it was possible to observe that the positive effect on the hardness depended on the additive used and its concentration. The most promising additive was magnesium oxide that, was able to improve the strength of by up to four times, when compared to the OMF control. The results shown that the nutrient release is not affected with addition different binder materials.

Onion is regarded as a highly valuable vegetable crop due to its rich nutritional content; however, insufficient phosphorus application remains a major limiting factor in achieving optimal yields. Investigation into how onions respond to different phosphorus sources can help enhance fertilizer formulations, promoting more sustainable agricultural practices with reduced environmental impact and improved market competitiveness. Therefore, two open field experiments were conducted to assess the impact of various phosphorus sources (Phosphoric Acid, Brandt Reaction P DS, and Monoammonium phosphate) on the growth and production of onion plants in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications and four treatments. The obtained findings showed that maximum vegetative growth traits, like plant height, bulb diameter, fresh bulb, and dry bulb values were recorded to be higher in plants fertilized with Brandt Reaction P DS and Monoammonium phosphate, followed by phosphoric acid, while the minimal values were observed in unfertilized plants. Comparable trends were observed in the nutritional values of blub. Compared with the control treatment, the higher nutrients (N, P, K, Fe, and Zn), TSS, carbohydrate, protein content, and total phenol in bulbs of plants fertilized with Brandt Reaction P DS and Monoammonium phosphate, followed by phosphoric acid. The Principal component analysis showed that the exogenous addition of phosphorus has positive effects on the bulb yield and quality. Keywords: Allium cepa, Agro-physiological properties, phosphorus application, nutritional quality.

Inadequate disposal of poultry litter (PL) may promote eutrophication of water bodies due to its high nutrient content, including phosphorus (P). Thus, recycling P from PL to produce organomineral fertilizer (OMF), reduces the dependence on finite mineral P reserves, and also reduces P losses from soil. In this context, a field experiment was carried out to assess the agronomic effectiveness of a granular PL-derived OMF applied to maize and soybean in a highly weathered tropical soil. OMF was compared to single superphosphate (SSP) at five P rates between 0 and 70 kg ha−1. The shoot dry weight (SDW) and grain yields of soybean and maize were affected by P rates; however, no difference between OMF and SSP was found. A similar trend was observed for soil P and P uptake. The leaf P content and soil pH were not affected by either P sources or P rates. Although there was no difference between OMF and SSP on the crop yields, OMF had the highest relative agronomic effectiveness based on the SDW. These results show that the production of granular OMF from PL is a viable alternative to conventional P fertilizers and reduces the dependence of mineral P reserves.

The work is a review of recent developments in utilization of organic and organomineral fertilizers in Nigeria. Integrated crop nutrition entails combined use of organic and inorganic fertilizers to avoid problems associated with sole use of the two sources. The aim is also to reduce need and cost associated with sole use of either source of plant nutrients. Researches conducted on effectiveness of organomineral fertilizers show the following:  Organomineral fertilizers (OMF) gave similar or higher crop yield compared with recommended NPK fertilizer. They also improved nutritional quality and nutrient content and had residual effect than inorganic fertilizer. The OMF also had liming effect.  The OMF reduced need for both organic and inorganic fertilizers which had synergistic effect on each other  The OMF improved soil physical properties compared with inorganic fertilizers as indicated by reduction in bulk density, temperature and conservation of soil moisture.  The OMF improved soil organic matter, nutrient content and increased availability of cations compared with I norganic fertilizer.  Organic wastes that were found to be effective in increasing soil nutrients contents, pH, nutrient uptake by crops and were successfully combined with inorganic fertilizers such as NPK, urea at reduced rates include poultry manure, oil palm bunch ash, cocoa pod ash, kola pod ash and sawdust ash.  The pacesetter and sunshine organic and organomineral fertilizers developed and manufactured in Nigeria have been found to be effective in improving soil fertility, and yield of arable and tree crops. There are abundant organic wastes that could be used alone or combined with mineral fertilizers. The presence of organic manures in organomineral fertilizers ensures more residual effect, balanced nutrition and improvement in soil physicochemical properties. The use of two sources has synergistic effect and reduces expenditure on scarce and expensive mineral fertilizers. it is a sustainable approach to ensuring high soil productivity and crop yield. Nigerian Journal of Technological Research

Phosphate fertilization is an important tool for achieving high yields in soybean, especially in tropical soils where phosphate fertilization efficiency is low. Fertilizers with improved efficiency, such as polymer-coated fertilizers, are one of several strategies to increase P fertilization efficiency. The objective of this study was to evaluate plant growth, leaf P content, soybean yield, and P fertilization efficiency in different seasons in response to P rates and sources. A factorial experiment (2 x 4) + 1 using two P sources (monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and Policote-coated MAP), four P rates (40, 80, 120, and 160 kg P2O5 ha-1), and the control (no P fertilization) was conducted with soybean in the 2016-2020 seasons. Phosphate fertilization increased soybean yield and was affected by P rates and sources. Soybean yield increased from 1464.7 kg ha-1, 468.4 kg ha-1, and 2297.3 kg ha-1 without P fertilization to 3,638.5 kg ha-1, 3,682.1 kg ha-1, and 3,856.7 kg ha-1, respectively, when MAP was applied at 158.0, 125.3, and 160 kg ha-1 P2O5, while when Policote coated MAP, the maximum productivity was 3,950.3 kg ha-1, 4,380.5 kg ha-1 and 4,343.0 kg ha-1 with 159.0, 160.0 and 140.1 kg ha-1 P2O5, respectively, in 2017/2018, 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons. Increasing phosphate fertilizer rates decreased agronomic P use efficiency (APUE), which was mitigated by P-coated fertilizer (fertilizer with improved efficiency). Lower APUE was observed in the 2019/2020 season, likely as a result of residual effects from previous phosphate fertilizer applications

Organo-mineral fertilizers (OMFs) combine organic and mineral components to enhance soil fertility, nutrient availability, and crop productivity while reducing environmental harm. They address key agricultural challenges, contributing to sustainable agriculture and global food security. OMFs utilize bio-based materials like biochar and compost to reduce nutrient leaching by up to 40%, improve water retention, and mitigate erosion. Improved soil aggregation, porosity, and microbial activity promote efficient nutrient cycling and resilience to environmental stress. Slow-release mechanisms optimize nutrient delivery, minimizing runoff and volatilization. OMFs increase soil organic carbon, support beneficial microbial communities, and enable sustainable intensification in nutrient-poor soils. They reduce greenhouse gas emissions, aligning with climate action goals and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Precise nutrient management reduces input costs, improves yields, and reduces chemical residues in crops. OMFs contribute to the circular bioeconomy by transforming agricultural residues into nutrient-rich fertilizers, reducing waste by 20% and sequestering carbon to mitigate environmental degradation. Adoption challenges include optimizing formulations for diverse soils and efficiently scaling production. OMFs enhance sustainable agriculture by increasing crop yields, reducing greenhouse gas emissions by up to 30%, and mitigating nutrient leaching, supporting global goals for food security and climate change adaptation. Collaboration among researchers, policymakers, and agricultural stakeholders is essential for refining technologies and ensuring broader adoption.

Soybean is a major crop in Brazil and is usually grown in oxidic soils that need high rates of phosphate (P) fertilizers. Soybean is also very suitable for biofortification with Se, since its grains have high protein contents and are widely consumed worldwide (directly or indirectly). Few studies have addressed Se application under field conditions for soybean biofortification, especially in tropical soils. Here, we evaluated agronomic and physiological responses resulting from different strategies for biofortifying soybean grains with Se by applying this element via soil, using both conventional and enhanced-efficiency P fertilizers as Se carriers. The experiment was carried out at the Uva Farm, in Capão Bonito (São Paulo), Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block split-plot design, with four fertilizer sources—conventional monoammonium phosphate (C-MAP), conventional monoammonium phosphate + Se (C-MAP + Se), enhanced-efficiency monoammonium phosphate (E-MAP), and enhanced-efficiency monoammonium phosphate + Se (E-MAP + Se), and four soybean genotypes (M5917, 58I60 LANÇA, TMG7061, and NA5909). The selenium rate applied via C-MAP + Se and E-MAP + Se was 80 g ha−1. The application of the tested fertilizers was carried out at the sowing of the 2018/2019 cropping season, with their residual effect being also assessed in the 2019/2020 cropping season. Selenium application increased grain yield for the TMG7061 genotype. For all evaluated genotypes, Se content in grains increased in the 2018/2019 harvest with the application of Se via C-MAP + Se and E-MAP + Se. In general, the application of Se via C-MAP favored an increase in amino acid contents in grains and decreased lipid peroxidation. In summary, the application of Se-enriched P fertilizers via soil increased soybean grain yield, leading to better grain quality. No residual effects for biofortifying soybean grains were detected in a subsequent soybean cropping season.

The low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) commonly present in root exudates may influence the mobility and bioavailability of Cd in soils through the formation of soluble Cd-organic complexes in the soil rhizosphere. However, little is known about the dynamics of Cd released by LMWOAs from highly weathered tropical soils where large amounts of phosphate fertilizers are applied to correct phosphorus deficiency. Cadmium is a contaminant of phosphate fertilizers. The release of Cd from selected tropical soils treated with the Idaho monoammonium phosphate (MAP) fertilizer or the Cd perchlorate-added MAP chemical reagent by LMWOAs (10−3Mand 10−2M) was investigated at 25°C and at an ionic strength of 0.1MNaNO3 solution. The LMWOAs used in this study were acetic, citric, fumaric, malic, oxalic, and succinic acids. The surface soils used in this study were obtained from main agricultural areas in Kenya varying widely in physicochemical properties. The amounts of Cd released from the natural and the treated soils varied with the soils, the treatments, and the nature of the LMWOA. The amount of Cd released from the soils in the presence of LMWOAs also increased with the log stability constant values of the Cd-LMWOA complexes, indicating that Cd was brought into solution by LMWOAs as Cd-LMWOA complexes. A parabolic diffusion equation provided the best fit to the Cd released by LMWOAs during the short reaction period of 0.25 to 1 h. The overall diffusion coefficient values of the Cd released from the natural soils and the treated soils by LMWOAs varied with the soil type and the nature of the LMWOAs. The results showed that the LMWOAs enhanced the rate of Cd released from the soils, especially in the monoammonium phosphate-treated soils. The continuous release of Cd from the soils by renewal of LMWOAs indicates the sustaining power of the soils to replenish the Cd labile pool of the soils. The results also indicate that LMWOAs commonly present in the root exudates play a vital role in the mobilization of Cd in tropical soils and, hence, may influence its uptake by the plants.

Soil fertility has become an interconnected aspect of modern agriculture, incorporating factors such as nutrient availability from soil, and its revision has become necessary for ensuring sustainability. Therefore, to understand the solubility of nutrients from organomineral fertilizers pelleted with biosolids and sugarcane filter cake, and to evaluate the resulting chemical changes in soil from its use, an experiment was performed in a completely randomized design. The experiment was done with four replicates in a 3 × 5 +1 factorial scheme, using three fertilizer sources (mineral fertilizer, organomineral fertilizer pelletized with biosolids, and organomineral fertilizer pelletized with the filter cake); five doses (60%, 80%, 100%, 120%, and 140% of the recommended dose of fertilization for corn); and an additional control treatment (absence of fertilization). The formulation of the organomineral fertilizers was 5-17-10 with 10% total organic carbon. All fertilizer sources were packed in a microfiber cloth positioned 1 cm below the surface of the soil and incubated for 60 days. Subsequent evaluation of chemical attributes: pH H2O (1:2.5); pH SMP (Shoemaker-McLean-Pratt); and the content of exchangeable aluminum, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, silica, and organic matter within the soil was done. Organomineral fertilizers pelleted with biosolids or filter cake do not acidify the soil, but they were found to reduce aluminum saturation and promote a slow release of nutrients, which allowed a more balanced base in the soil. This then ensured a better balance of nutrients, with greater cation exchange capacity, base sums, and base saturation. The use of these fertilizers can contribute to stabilizing the pH of the soil with fewer applications of acidity correctives

The low availability of phosphorus in most Brazilian soils causes a heavy dependence of agricultural production on phosphate fertilizers, which are generally agronomically inefficient in tropical soils. Breeding for increased longevity of sugarcane ratoons is extremely important, but understanding how the efficiency of phosphate fertilization can be improved is equally necessary. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of phosphate fertilizers with and without polymer coating on the productivity and nutritional status of sugarcane ratoons and phosphorus availability in the soil. The experiment was carried out on a commercial sugarcane field on a dystrophic Ultisol over two growing seasons in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Two phosphorus sources (monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and MAP + Policote) were tested at four rates (20, 40, 60 and 80 kg P2O5 ha−1) in addition to the control (no P fertilization). The Policote-coated phosphate fertilizer induced higher stalk and TRS yields in the first experimental year, while the same effect was not observed in the second year. Nevertheless, with the reapplication of the treatments in the second study year, the mean stalk yield was high in response to the application of 20 kg P2O5 ha−1 of coated fertilizer and very different from that of the higher rates of the same fertilizer, which yielded 88 Mg ha−1, i.e., 8 Mg ha−1 more than the mean of the other rates.

The achievement of good productivity and quality of fruits is directly associated with a balanced fertilization, in which phosphate fertilizers have an important role in the agricultural production system. In this context, this work aimed to evaluate the effect of doses of monoammonium phosphate in ground fertilization and associated with the topdressing in the production of the Formosa “Tainung-01” papaya. The experimental design was in complete randomized blocks, in an split plots outline, having as main factor four fertilizer doses in ground fertilization (0; 80; 160, and 250 kg ha-1 of monoammonium phosphate [MAP]) and, as a sub-portion, two fertilizers in topdressing (20 kg ha-1 of Cosmofert® + 45 kg ha-1 of MAP” and “90 kg ha-1 of MAP). The harvesting began in the eighth month and extended until the 12th month after transplanting of the seedlings. All fruits of five plants per experimental unit were collected and classified. The number of fruits, the production per plant, the yield, and the percentage of marketable fruits were evaluated. The ground fertilization with the monoammonium phosphate did not influence the production of Formosa 'Tainung-01' papaya fruits exclusively destined to the domestic market. When the production is destined to the external market, a dosage of 74.0 kg ha-1 of monoammonium phosphate can be used in ground fertilization.

A global shift: How modern technologies are powering the energy transition in the face of climate change.

The global green energy transition towards a low-carbon economy via decarbonisation is in-creasing the demand for and exploitation of so-called critical resources, including lithium. The growing demand for lithium, which, as a raw material, is primarily found in countries of the global South, has sparked a new debate on the global interdependencies, unequal ecological and economic exchange and unevenness of the energy transition between the global North and South. In this context, concepts such as green extractivism, green colonialism and green sacri-fice zones have emerged. In this article, we build on this strand of literature, assuming that decarbonisation – as the overarching goal of the energy transition – influences the decisions taken over lithium mining and the narratives used for its legitimisation. It remains an open question, however, how the legitimisation of lithium mining is being shaped by decarbonisa-tion and energy transition goals. What narratives are being used, by whom, how and with what socio-political and socio-economic effects? In Argentina, there are numerous lithium mining projects, and conflicts only arise in a fraction of them. We focus on two lithium mining projects at the Salar de Olaroz-Cauchari, Jujuy, where protests against the mines have been largely absent. We analyse the narratives applied by governmental and corporate actors. The theoretical underpinning of the analysis is based on a dialectical understanding of narratives, whereby narratives are seen as contingent products of social and global-local (multiscalar) interactions. We argue that, in order to become powerful and to legitimise lithium mining, two core narratives are applied by its proponents: a green development and industrialisation narra-tive and a climate protection narrative. Both narratives are increasingly linked to global dis-courses of green energy transition and are part of an emerging green developmentalist disposi-tive that manifests in new institutions, laws and administrative measures to enforce lithium mining. Resumen: Legitimando la extracción de litio: Transición energética global y desarrollismo verde en Jujuy, Argentina La transición energética ecológica mundial hacia una economía baja en carbono a través de la descarbonización está aumentando la demanda y la explotación de los denominados recursos críticos, entre ellos el litio. La creciente demanda de litio, que, como materia prima, se encuen-tra principalmente en países del Sur global, ha suscitado un nuevo debate sobre las interdepen-dencias globales, el intercambio ecológico y económico desigual y las desigualdades de la transición energética entre el Norte y el Sur globales. En este contexto han surgido conceptos como extractivismo verde, colonialismo verde y zonas de sacrificio verde. En este artículo nos basamos en esta corriente de la literatura, asumiendo que la descarbonización como objetivo global de la transición energética influye en las decisiones que se toman sobre la extracción de litio y en las narrativas que se utilizan para legitimarla en las regiones ricas en litio. Sin embar-go, sigue siendo una incógnita cómo los objetivos de la descarbonización y la transición ener-gética influyen en la legitimación de la minería del litio. ¿Qué narrativas se utilizan, quién las utiliza, cómo y con qué efectos sociopolíticos y socioeconómicos? En Argentina existen nume-rosos proyectos de extracción de litio pero los conflictos sólo surgen en una parte de ellos. Nos centramos en dos proyectos mineros de litio en el Salar de Olaroz-Cauchari, Jujuy, donde las protestas contra las minas han sido prácticamente inexistentes. Analizamos las narrativas aplicadas por los actores gubernamentales y empresariales. El sustento teórico del análisis se basa en una comprensión dialéctica de las narrativas, según la cual las narrativas son vistas como productos continuos de interacciones sociales y globales-locales (multiescalares). Soste-nemos que, para hacerse poderosos y legitimar la minería del litio, sus defensores aplican dos relatos básicos: el del desarrollo y la industrialización ecológicos y el de la protección del cli-ma. Ambas narrativas se vinculan a los discursos globales sobre la transición energética y forman parte de un dispositivo verde desarrollista emergente que se manifiesta en nuevas insti-tuciones, leyes y medidas administrativas para imponer la minería del litio.

Although the commitments made by corporations in the Global North to invest in clean technology in the Global South appear promising, private capital’s move toward the center of the climate change stage all but guarantees that neoliberal economic development approaches, which favor large-scale development to benefit private interests, will overshadow energy democracy. Thus, the same methodologies and instruments that wrought economic havoc on the Global South in the name of development, but have proven so profitable for private entities, will now be deployed to foster the global transition away from fossil fuels and toward renewable energy. This could mean that some of the earth’s most vulnerable inhabitants—indigenous people—will be doubly impacted by the global energy transition. First, they will bear the disproportionate impacts of the harms of climate change since, as legal scholars have noted, indigenous peoples are uniquely vulnerable to the impacts of climate change due to their close and interdependent ties to the land. Second, given that communities and indigenous peoples hold the majority of world’s land under customary land tenure systems, they will be asked to bear the burden of saving the world by providing land for renewable energy development, while receiving very few of the economic benefits of such renewable energy development. This Chapter argues that effective incorporation of principles of energy democracy consistent with international principles concerning the rights of indigenous peoples could help to ease this twin burden on the world’s indigenous peoples while also facilitating a just global energy transition. Mexico provides an apt example of the foregoing climate-development dialectic, and the country’s energy transition is often held out as an exemplar of the renewable energy transition in the Global South. The recent challenges the country has faced within its transition also illustrate the challenges faced by corporations when engaging in fast-paced renewable energy development in a country that is still home to millions of indigenous peoples. Countries around the Global South, such as Brazil, are closely watching Mexico’s market-driven reform effort to determine whether Mexico’s approach to its renewable energy transition can be replicated. This Chapter provides a window into emerging challenges within Mexico’s energy transition, and explores how these challenges might be addressed incorporating the substantive and procedural aspects of energy democracy. The Chapter proceeds in five parts. Part I describes the legal reforms leading to Mexico’s transition away from fossil fuels and toward renewable energy. Part II turns to the state of Oaxaca, a region that served as the focal point for much of the country’s renewable energy development until the 2013 energy reform, to illustrate many of the contentious development dynamics that can emerge in connection with fast-paced clean energy development in indigenous territory. Part III focuses on Yucatan state. Part III describes the ways in which Yucatan state, which is also home to a sizable indigenous population, has been positioned as another focal point for extensive renewable energy development pursuant to the energy reform, and how the country might be poised to repeat many of the mistakes made in Oaxaca. Part IV outlines the key tensions and development challenges that have emerged since Mexico’s energy reform began, and Part V concludes with early reflections on Mexico’s energy reform, noting the potential for the country to overcome some of the emerging challenges by using an energy democracy framework.