Sun Intensity and Angle on Efficiency of Solar Cell System

Availability of secure, sustainable and competitive sources of energy is essential to economic growth, prosperity and quality of life in Europe. In view of the expected growth in demand for energy, of the increasing evidence of the climate change and the aim to ensure the security of energy supply in Europe further reflections on nuclear and solar energy as best potential energy sources in the Europe energy mix is needed. Nuclear energy, supplying over 31 per cent of electricity demand, plays a key role in the EU's generation structure. Nonetheless, the current situation in the European nuclear sector is very diverse. Though the future prospect of nuclear energy is still uncertain in many member states, the general trend shows a renaissance of nuclear generation, hence the market is expected to witness solid growth over the medium and long term. The market growth of solar thermal systems and photovoltaics in Europe depends on the policy of the governments towards the use of solar energy systems, on the sensitivity of the people concerning environment and on the improvement of the technology combined with price reduction of solar systems. Considering the target of EU for 12% from renewables in 2010, solar energy systems can play a significant role in many countries. A renewed interest in Concentrating Solar Power is rapidly growing worldwide. Indeed, new commercial applications for electricity production are starting right now, 20 years after the deployment of the first plants in the Mojave desert, still operating since the early '80s

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the technical performance and environmental impact of a 45 kWp rooftop grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) system installed at the College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology (CAET), Junagadh Agricultural University, Gujarat. Methodology: The system was monitored over five months (August–December 2018). Real-time data on energy output, meteorological parameters, and system efficiencies were recorded. Performance metrics such as array yield, final yield, module and system efficiencies, performance ratio (PR), and CO₂ emission reduction were analyzed using IEC 61724 guidelines. Results: The system generated 22,205 kWh of DC energy and exported 20,829.26 kWh of AC energy to the grid. It achieved an average final yield of 3.37 kWh/kWp/day and a performance ratio of 71%. The average module, inverter, and system efficiencies were 11.26%, 93.84%, and 10.56% respectively. A total of 20,494 kg of CO₂ emissions were avoided. Conclusion: The solar PV system showed reliable performance and high efficiency across seasonal conditions. It proved effective for reducing institutional carbon footprint and demonstrated the feasibility of rooftop solar adoption in semi-arid academic environments.

Economic analysis of 26 kW solar powered system for a commercial building in India

Renewable energy is being used to lessen the consumption of fossil fuels. Solar energy is a common source of renewable energy. Solar energy is the most promising source of energy due to its long-term sustainability and availability. The output power of solar panels is strongly influenced by the intensity of sunlight and the temperature of the solar panels. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control, which aims to optimize the output power of solar panels, is commonly used to increase the efficiency of solar panels. However, MPPT control often causes overvoltage disturbance in systems directly connected to the load. To limit the output power of solar panels, additional Constant Power Generation (CPG) control is required. In this research, a solar panel system will be created to supply submersible DC pumps without any energy storage devices. DC-DC SEPIC Converter is designed with MPPT control combined with CPG control to limit the output power of the converter using the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System method by 150 watts. When the output power of the solar panel is less than the power limit, then MPPT mode will work. While CPG mode works when the PV output power is greater than the limit power. The results of this research showed that the system can provide optimal power generated by solar panels in MPPT mode by increasing efficiency by up to 33.04% and CPG mode can limit power to 150 Watts to avoid overvoltage disturbance at load.

Performance analysis of different grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) system technologies with combined capacity of 20 kW located in humid tropical climate

Potential evaluation of hybrid nanofluids for solar thermal energy harvesting: A review of recent advances

Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy; latest developments in the building integrated and hybrid PV systems

Renewable energy sources like wind and solar energies can be combined to increase the total power generation and thereby increase the efficiency of the system. The combination also provides a means to overcome the intermittent nature of the solar and wind renewable energy sources, since one source can be used for power generation when the other is not available. AC-DC converters are used to convert the alternating voltage of the wind generator to a constant DC value which can be used to charge the batteries or later converted to AC voltage to drive AC loads. A Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) system using a boost converter is designed to extract maximum possible power from the sun when it is available. This method provides better harmonic reduction since Harmonic content is detrimental for the generator lifespan, heating issues, and efficiency. Simulations are carried out in PSIM software and MATLAB.' Keywords: Boost converter, hybrid system, MATLAB, MPPT, PSIM software, renewable energy

Sunlight intensities are commonly measured by an acquisition device that is placed statically. At this way, we can't measure the sunlight intensity precisely all of the daylight. In this paper, using a solar tracking system with measurement device gives a precisely sunlight intensity from sunrise to sunset. With a low cost GY-302 module and an A6 GSM/GPRS module based on microcontroller Arduino Pro-Mini, the sunlight intensity measurement can be posted in a web server. The research also comparing the relationship between sunlight intensity and the solar panel generated voltage. As the results, beside the device can power itself independently by a solar panel, the posted data are plotted to be a sunlight intensity map. With this, a solar power plant development can be established in an appropriate area.

Solar energy is one of the most abundant energy resources on Earth. It is a renewable energy resource that can provide suitable power for our needs. It’s also continuously growing in popularity nowadays since it can provide significant benefits to human and environment. The use of solar energy is a great way to contribute to a cleaner future. This renewable resource is a clean and safe alternative energy solution that can help reduce the production of harmful pollution. Hence, utilizing solar power can be an excellent way to fight climate change and help reduce your home’s carbon footprint. It is also necessary to look into as day by day the demand for electrical energy is increasing. We can't rely on conventional energy sources for meeting this increasing demand as they are depleting. So it is necessary to find an alternative method to harness the energy that we are lacking. Solar energy generation seems to be a promising technology for this dilemma. It is environmental friendly and infinite source of energy. Photovoltaic systems can be broadly classified into two-an on-grid system or an off-grid system. The energy generated from a solar PV system is based on several factors like irradiance, types of solar PV used and temperature. Analysing the existing system efficiency is of prime importance for the characterization of the problems and for the improvements. This study deals with the performance analysis of an on-grid and off-grid system. The analysis is carried out by modelling an existing system in MATLAB/SIMULINK which is already in operation. It can be extended to analyse the grid stability. This study aims the quantification of various performance parameters like power output, losses in the system, system efficiency and the total energy transfer.

Design of one axis three position solar tracking system for paraboloidal dish solar collector

The role of nanofluids in solar thermal energy: A review of recent advances

Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) to improve the performance of photovoltaic systems is compelling for two main reasons. First, AI technologies are making significant progress and are widely applied across various fields, such as medicine and agriculture. Second, the world is experiencing an increasing demand for energy while simultaneously facing the challenge of reducing reliance on traditional energy sources that exacerbate carbon emissions and climate change. This emphasizes the critical importance of transitioning to sustainable and clean energy solutions. In this context, photovoltaic panels have emerged as one of the most promising and widely adopted renewable energy sources. As the global reliance on solar energy grows, enhancing the efficiency and reliability of solar energy systems has become imperative. However, this transition is accompanied by significant challenges, particularly in integrating these systems with existing power grids. The complexities involved in achieving seamless integration, maintaining consistent performance, and preventing system failures necessitate the adoption of advanced technologies. These challenges are further exacerbated by the need to manage fluctuations in energy production, optimize energy storage, and ensure the long-term sustainability of solar power. This paper presents a novel approach for controlling ANN-MPC solar inverters, leveraging artificial neural networks (ANN) to address the challenges related to the efficiency of photovoltaic systems and their integration with the grid, ultimately reducing dependence on conventional energy sources. Initially, the ANN-based model is trained using large datasets derived from the system inputs and outputs, taking into account all critical operating conditions, such as sudden changes in current. Following the training process, the model acquires extensive data, enabling it to adapt to all transient conditions the system may encounter. The model continuously evolves to improve the efficiency of grid-connected photovoltaic systems. Additionally, experimental validation and performance testing of the proposed model are conducted to verify the effectiveness and flexibility of the ANN-based approach. The experimental results confirm the proposed approach's ability to enhance the performance of grid-connected electrical systems, reduce computational costs, and achieve model-free control.

Recently, the demand for small grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems has been rapidly increasing; this is due to the reduction in the costs of grid-connected storage systems as compared to those of the stand-alone ones. Notably, the performance of the solar tracking system is not only depending on the types but also the region that they are set up and used. To understand how solar tracking systems work globally, we need to know their performance in each country and even the different parts of a country. In this study, two grid-connected PV systems with 250 W solar modules were used to investigate the efficient improvement of a single-axis sun tracking system in Central Vietnam. First, a mechanical tracking device with a linear actuator and a controller was designed and then its performance was comprehensively investigated with a grid-connected PV system. In addition to evaluating the energy gain by the tracking system, this study also considered the energy consumption of the linear actuator with its controller and a small grid-connected PV system; this has generally been omitted in previous works. Experimental results indicate that the total energy consumption of the tracking system was approximately 2–8% of the energy generated by the grid-connected PV system. The maximum overall energy generation was confirmed to have increased by up to 30.3% on a sunny day upon using the proposed tracking system; further, the net energy gain by using the sun tracker was ascertained to be 15.2% in average weather conditions. Based on the success of this work, we will keep experimenting with other parts of Vietnam. Also, we will collaborate with colleagues in other countries to create a guideline for understanding and using the solar tracker regionally and globally.

Purpose Present research focus on using solar energy as a renewable option for office buildings in different climatic conditions in Iran. To seeking a way to use clean solar energy and reduce current expense in buildings an investigation carried out. Nine office buildings in various climatic regions selected as case studies. Through a precise examination, buildings specifications, energy demand and climate information carried out. In the first step based on the buildings type and hot water demand, solar water heater systems designed for each case. In the second step, a cost-benefit analysis is done to detriment the economic aspects of implement aforementioned type of solar system. A cost-benefit analysis is done from saving energy and return time of investment point of view. Results indicate that solar water heater with low investment about US$500 and payback time between 2 and 5 years can be noticed as a desirable renewable option in case studies. Furthermore, analysis reveals that thermal load of building is more effective on fuel saving in building, while solar radiation intensity has more effective on the payback in solar water heater utilization. Design/methodology/approach In this study based on thermal load of nine building office and radiation of different part of Kermnashah province, the possibility of solar water system is investigated. Findings Analyses reveal that the thermal load of building is more effective on fuel saving, while solar radiation intensity has more effective on the payback in solar water heater utilization. The main originality goes back to consideration of different meteorological conditions in solar water heater selection.