Super-Space for an Artificial Paradise: Land Art

Design as fine art concerned with the beautiful and appeal to the eye, just as music appeals to the ear, and the external appearance of urban design and architectural product is only one of several factors which interest architect and urban designer when they judge a building or a city, architecture and urban design as something indivisible, something you can't separate into a number of elements. They aren't produced simply by adding sites, plans , sections and elevations , they are limit by no means well-defined. This study will discusses and explains precisely what architecture and urban design are ,they must be experienced as fine arts. The architect and urban designer work with form and mass just as the sculptor does, and like the painter he works with color, but alone of the three ,his is functional art. The current research tackles the study of urban design and architectural experienced the efficiency of human sense and it's effect on sustainability of historical cities within the designing process. The research discusses the importance of this concept in order to explore the particular problem represented by the unclarity of the concept role in urban design and architectural products, Therefore the problem of the paper was crystallized and its objective and methodology were identified by studying urban design and architectural product experienced as color shapes and it's relation with designer and designing process, reading the determination the theoretical framework, that involved two main items of detailed theoretical field , Which limit the concept in urban design and architecture ,firstly, Then applying operations are submitted which represented by electing the measurement vocabularies and electing the projects in the historical cities and crystallized the hypothesis, secondly, at last discussing the results to submit the conclusions in the end, which showed that the difference in the nature of practicing the concept (Efficiency of human sense and its effect on sustainability of historical cities) depend on many factors like designer's trends and another factors especially in Erbil city in Iraq .

On a generic level, linking academic education to the practical and community needs is one of the most important criteria for the success of any educational institution, it could be interpreted that Academic institutions offering Architecture & Urban Design programs requires such an important link as many of the academic accreditation processes considers this linkage as one of the most important evaluation criteria for Architectural & Urban Design educational institutions, in addition to the impact that such institutions can have on their local communities. Bridging the gap between the academia and real life experiences is one of the most pressing and challenging agenda facing the Architecture & urban design education in Egypt, especially in the Governmental architecture & urban design schools, considering the large numbers of enrolled students. Unfortunately, most of the Governmental Egyptian architectural institutions continue to practice same old teaching methodologies that have sustained their particular beliefs and paradigms for decades without considering the emerging new variables and requirements. On the other hand, many innovative learning ideas and strategies for teaching Architectural & urban design curriculums are ascending today. Few researches have been made regarding this aspect. The aim of this paper is to highlight the process that is concerned to enhance the urban design education quality, the curriculum and the teaching methods of the Architecture Bachelor program in general with a special focus on Faculty of Fine Arts - Helwan University in Egypt, as a Case study. Focussing on the new didactic tools and applied research components are developed for the bachelor of architecture program, which impart knowledge to understand the current urban issues and urban regeneration. Adding a strong orientation on practice and applied research to the existing curriculum that will lead the students to gain higher awareness towards real urban issues and urban regeneration. The study adopted a methodology, which directly corresponded to the objective stated above based on setting an overview for the local urban design teaching issues. It also analyse the existing problems and limitations in urban design education in Egypt, and as a case study the paper explores and analyse how could the international exposure and experience of students of architecture of the faculty of Fine arts – Helwan University affects their practices, performance and gained skills, in the frame work of the real city lab project which is a cooperation project between the TUB Germany and the college of Fine Arts – Helwan University in Egypt. As well as the authors’ personal teaching experiences in urban design's learning tools, exercises will be presented.

With the continuous escalation of architectural design requirements, the continuous complexity of architectural models, and the integration of computer technology, virtual reality technology in architectural design has also emerged. The application of virtual reality technology in architectural design deepens the communication between professional architects and non-professionals, makes the architectural effect more intuitive, and effectively solves the communication barriers between architects and non-professionals. This article discusses the basic theory of virtual reality technology, and studies how to apply virtual reality technology in the landscape design of modern cities. On the premise of analyzing traditional landscape design methods, analyze the disadvantages of traditional landscape design methods; by studying the advantages of virtual reality technology, we choose to construct some scenes of urban architectural landscape design for virtual reality models. The article combines virtual reality technology with architectural design to effectively solve some of the shortcomings of traditional urban landscape design.

Inclusivity in urban design not only improves the quality of life of people with disabilities, but also benefits the general population, such as the elderly and families with young children, by creating safer and more comfortable spaces. Under this premise, the objective of the present study was to determine the relationship between inclusive architecture and urban design in the city of Juliaca, 2024; for this purpose, a basic, correlational, non-experimental, cross-sectional study was used. The sample consisted of 119 people, to whom an instrument was applied whose reliability established by Cronbach's Alpha was 0.761. The results were a coefficient Rho=0.700 and a p-value=0.001, this correlation suggests that as one aspect of inclusive architecture improves, there is a significant tendency for another aspect of urban design to improve as well, and vice versa. It is concluded that fostering greater awareness of the importance of inclusive architecture and urban design among planners, architects, and the community at large can lead to more significant and lasting change in how cities develop. The significant and strong correlation between these aspects reinforces the idea that a truly inclusive city requires a holistic approach that transcends traditional disciplines and embraces an integrated view of the built environment. This is essential not only to comply with legal regulations but to foster a more inclusive and equitable society.

Humans are a highly social species and like to live in company. David Frye puts it succinctly in the book Walls, that humankind shifted both physically and psychologically from being hunter-gatherers to a more sedate and well-behaved lifestyle once we started building walls around our collective living places. Placed on a scale somewhere between urban planning and architectural design, urban design has been described as the design of public spaces or the practice of creating a single composition of many buildings. Urban design examines the process, scale and product of our cities while also describing the different approaches: the political, social, physical, economic and environmental. Higher urban density is seen as a sustainable approach in smart growth theories by many researchers, because it leads to less land consumption as well as lower energy consumption. Cities are places of action and delight: of theatre and of congregation, of parliament and of mercantile trade.

Sunlight exposure is among the key factors in architectural and urban design. People spend more than half of the day in residential buildings, where sunlight exposure positively affects comfort, well-being, and some health problems. Insolation regulations and recommendations in many countries include criteria for minimum sunlight exposure of interior spaces to meet hygiene and technical standards and to enhance users’ comfort. This research shows a decrease in mandatory insolation criteria for residential spaces in Croatia since the end of the 20th century, which was the motivation for the assessment of European insolation standards. It provides a comparative review of current European recommendations and regulations and addresses the comprehensive issue of residential building insolation through the assessment of planning, urban and architectural design parameters. Research results show that regulatory traditions, climatic conditions, and planning cultures jointly shape national approaches to residential insolation. The research also shows that in the European countries analysed, insolation criteria are mostly mandatory at the national level. The insolation criteria assessed by this research range from urban standards, which refer to buildings, to apartment standards, which refer to rooms. The minimum window-to-floor ratio, with values ranging from 10 to 20%, and the minimum duration of sunlight exposure, with values from 1 to 4 h, were identified as dominant insolation criteria. Sunlight exposure criteria are necessary to protect residents’ hygiene rights, but should be adaptive to socio-economical, cultural and climatic contexts to support sustainable urban development.

Recent studies spanning various disciplines, such as psychology, urban design and planning, urban geography, urban morphology, economics, sociology, and criminology, have consistently demonstrated a direct relationship between spatial quality, spatial perception, and crime. This interdisciplinary approach has enriched the analysis, evaluation, and simulations of these connections. Existing literature suggests that the physical design of built environments affects perceptions of crime, fear, and criminal activity. This section aims to delve into a selection of studies conducted over the past 10 years that contribute to our understanding of how spatial quality, perception, and fear of crime are interconnected. It is concluded that psychological studies on user behavior in the built space are fundamental for criminology. In addition, the study from various disciplines on the importance of spatial quality can help criminologists develop more effective crime prevention strategies and improve urban security.

Existing sensory design literature indicates that architectural and urban design practices are creating spaces that fail to deliver on non-visual experience. New technologies provide opportunities to measure specific environmental characteristics and human response to them. Similarly, new environmental design evaluation tools have been developed. Yet to date, few empirical studies have applied these in assessing the interface between humans and the designed environment, limiting discussion regarding their potential use in urban and architectural design practice. This paper outlines the findings of two pilot studies; in Hanley, Stoke, England and the Neues Museum, Berlin, Germany, and introduces a hybrid method with potential to enhance understanding of the relationship between humans and sensory urban and architecturally designed space. The results suggest different emotional and sensory profiles according to urban typology and spatial characteristics and indicate that further understanding in this area would assist in realising more humanistic architectural design.

Applying urban parametric design optimisation processes to a hot climate: Case study of the UAE

Through an analysis of the consonances between the architecture and urban design of the Late Antique Diocletian’s Palace in Split, and the architecture that drew upon it in neoclassical London (including the Adelphi Terrace of Robert Adam and Somerset House of Sir William Chambers), the Croatian urban planner Ivana Sverko developed a considered account of the role of urban space in underdeveloped and peripheral areas of contemporary Split. Sverko’s collected ideas are characteristically original, and distinct from the kind of research usually based in an analysis of architectural and urban planning typology. In this paper we follow, and endeavour to develop further, her distinctive approach. Robert Adam (1728-1792) appropriated the architectural philosophy of Diocletian’s Palace that he had explored on the ‘peripheral’ shores of the Adriatic, and transposed many of its qualities into his British designs. In this paper, we apply his interpretation of this hybrid, adaptable building to urban landscapes on the periphery of Split. By pursuing Adam’s interpretation of the Palace, an architectural reading that stemmed from his five-week stay in Split during his European Grand Tour (1754-1758) and was published in the Ruins of the Palace of the Emperor Diocletian at Spalatro in Dalmatia (London, 1764), we identify an archetype of urban design that can be used in reflections upon the urban space of contemporary Split. This archetype will be elucidated in two specific environments on the edge of town, both of which were created during the second half of the twentieth century. One of these spaces was illegally built, unplanned, and self-organised ; the other was built according to established principles of urban plan and design, but without any proper articulation of urban space in relation to its physical and functional urban contexts. In this paper we test out our experience of the marginalised urban space within contemporary Split through two methodological approaches: the historical and the empirical. Our objective is to indicate opportunities for the identification and foregrounding of the hidden qualities of urban spaces created by runaway development (that is, spaces formulated without the benefit of architects or town planners) but as a result of the immediate needs of the inhabitants.

In order to verify the incidence of some aspects related to communication in urban space studies, this paper approaches first the notions of perception and interpretation of cities in the works of the geographer, Milton Santos; of the architect, Gordon Cullen; of the urban designers, Kevin Lynch and Amos Rapoport, and the semiotics master, Lucrécia D'Aléssio Ferrara. The purpose is to characterize urban design as an interdisciplinary system of environmental communication. This system expresses the development of a field of design professions and the preparation of the professionals combining design knowledge and skills of different areas of design professions (urbanism, architecture, ergonomics and graphic design) with a general understanding of the communication and educational processes. This paper aims to show that spatial organization and the circulation system can not be seen independent of environmental communication, which provides the information the users will need to solve the wayfind problems. Environmental education has to be based on perceptual, cognitive and behavioral development.

Este trabalho procura estabelecer conexões entre as quatro fases da Revolução Industrial e utopias propostas nas áreas de arquitetura e desenho urbano. O artigo começa com uma revisão geral das quatro fases da industrialização, tentando estabelecer conexões com as respectivas tendências arquitetônicas e urbanas em cada etapa. Da mesma maneira que a Segunda Revolução Industrial e seu novo sistema de produção em massa influenciaram as utopias modernas no início do século XX, os métodos da Terceira e Quarta Revoluções Industriais têm impulsionado novas utopias contemporâneas. A fim de ilustrar essa tese, são apresentados exemplos em diferentes escalas: produtos de consumo, componentes construtivos, unidades habitacionais e desenho urbano. Foi possível concluir que a principal diferença entre as utopias modernas e contemporâneas é uma mudança da maneira de pensar "top-down" para processos "bottom-up" nas diferentes escalas. Novos sistemas de CAD paramétrico e novas máquinas de produção pessoal, tais como as fresadoras CNC, cortadoras a laser e impressoras 3D, e o conceito de personalização em massa, estão permitindo que os usuários se tornem mais participantes na produção de seus bens de consumo, residências, e até mesmo os espaços urbanos. O trabalho termina perguntando aos arquitetos e urbanistas quais serão as próximas utopias, com base nas novas tecnologias esperadas para as próximas décadas.

Positioning design at the center of the debate,The Urbanism Readerbrings together classic and contemporary readings to help designers understand the complexities of cities and urban design in the 21st century. The selection of readings presented here is uniquely tailored to a design perspective for architects and urban designers – balancing social issues in urbanism with a clear focus on foregrounding design as an instrument for change in cities, and examining the outcomes and challenges of recent design theories, design methods, and technologies in the built urban environment. Covering today’s most urgent issues, 45 texts explore key topics in urbanism – from digital design technologies to smart cities, from the ongoing ecological crisis to public health and the impact of Covid-19, and from emergence and informality to economic inequity in global cities. Chapters cover cultural issues including diversity, indigenous knowledge, decolonization, social justice, and inclusion alongside technological developments, while a final chapter speculates on the future of urbanism through readings in AI, virtual reality, and the frontiers of current thinking in architecture and urban design. The extracts are grouped by theme, each with an introduction to the historical contexts and guiding paradigms – helping design students, researchers, and professionals to make sense of the diverse field of theory and practice in the past, present, and future of global urbanism.

Built environment is one of the major causes of the negative impact that human activity has on the environment. Building design should adopt such strategies that would help relieve this situation. Architects should therefore be able to grasp and implement all aspects of sustainable design, including cutting edge technologies, in a holistic and integral fashion. Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) represents an important field to explore, since photovoltaic systems have an enormous potential within the context of architectural and urban design. Their implementation though has to be part of the integral design process which is essential for the creation of quality sustainable architecture. Since the world urban population is constantly growing, sustainable approaches to architectural design need to be adopted with urgency in urban environment. Existing urban environment however presents great challenges to the implementation of any new technology. In an urban context we need not only design new buildings, but since the urban tissue is already in place, care must be taken not to damage the historical and architectural values. Furthermore, urban environment has many variations and offers a broad scope of possibilities for various approaches to BIPV. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the possibilities of BIPV in relationship to sustainable architecture and urban environment, focusing on explaining the necessity to provide architects with a methodology of working with advanced photovoltaic systems in architectural design, introducing the departure points for this intention, and demonstrating how such a methodology – a Design Manual – will be created.

H. Allen Brooks has unearthed a wealth of letters, diaries, family records, school reports and unpublished sketches and drawings that document every facet of the formative years of 20th-century architect and urbanist Le Corbusier. The text examines every aspect of his education from preschool through to and including his training as a designer of ornamental watch cases and his early studies in decoration and architectural design. This was followed by extensive travel, studying in Paris and Berlin before returning home to La Chaux-de-Fonds to teach and practice architecture, interior decoration and furniture design. Finally in 1917 Le Corbusier moved to Paris, where he became an unsuccessful entrepreneur before turning his talents to writing, painting, architecture and urban design.