Survey on Transmission Control Protocol Performance Over Different Mobile Ad Hoc Routing Protocols

VANETs is a rapid developed wireless mobile MANETs network with special challenge nature. It is a distributed and self-organized communication network based on moving vehicle. This network has characteristics like limited bandwidth, strong mobility, strong dynamic network topology, limited node degrees freedom, equipment capacity constraints and weak physical security. These characteristics usually make typical routing protocol in mobile MANET show a low efficiency in mobile VANETs, even fail. MANET routing algorithm is roughly divided into two categories, namely table driven routing protocol and on-demand routing protocol. It is due to the particularity of driving cars on the road. So how to improve network routing protocol in the performance is now a challenging problem. The purpose of this article studies network routing mechanism based on wireless vehicular networks simulation method. On the basis of analyzing the performance of typical routing protocols in MANET, such as DSDV, AODV and DSR, the improved scheme of AODV on-demand routing algorithm is put forward.

Node misbehavior due to selfish or malicious intention could significantly degrade the performance of MANET because most existing routing protocols in MANET are aiming at finding most efficiency path. To deal with misbehavior in MANET, an incentive mechanism should be integrated into routing decision-making. In this paper firstly we review existing techniques for secure routing, and then propose to use trust vector model based routing protocols. Each node would evaluate its own trust vector parameters about neighbors through monitoring neighbors’ pattern of traffic in network. At the same time, trust dynamics is included in term of robustness. Then we integrated trust model into Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) which are most typical routing protocols in MANET. We evaluate the performance of those trust routing protocols by compar ing the simulation results of with and without the proposed trust mechanism . The simulation results demonstrate that modified routing protocols can effectively detect malicious nodes and mitigate their attacks.

A MANET is a self-motivated mobile wireless network that can be created exclusive of any former support. The challenge of MANET is to design robust routing algorithms which will satisfy all or few routing properties. Routing protocol in MANET can be categorized in various approaches depending upon network structure, communication model, routing strategy. Routing protocols can be further classified as proactive and reactive. Routing algorithms developed till today focused on the methods of routing. This article presents a survey of single /multipath routing algorithms, its advantages, and limitations. Researchers are attracted to rectify, design & develop concrete, routing algorithms which will fulfill the adequacy requirement of MANET users. This paper proposes the need robust routing protocol with security and energy efficient.

Objectives: It analyzed the simulation based study for impact of resource consumption attack on Signal-Stability Based Adapting (SSA) routing protocol in MANET. The performance of routing protocol is calculated by using these different parameters like throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), end to end delay (E2E), routing overhead and energy consumption. Methods/ Statistical Analysis: The whole simulation is carried out through NS-2. NS-2 (Network Simulator version 2) is used for this simulation which is developed by UC Berkely. NS-2 is basically a combination of two languages OTcl and C++. Components of NS-2 are NAM (Network Animator), Proposing, Post prosing. NS-2 is a discrete event simulator in this C++ is easy to code but slower to run whereas OTcl is fast to run and difficult to code. Findings: We see the impact of this attack with three different performance metrics such as End to End, routing overhead, energy consumption throughput and packet delivery ratio (PDR).

Mobile ad-hoc networks are self-organized infrastructure less networks that consists of mobile nodes, which are capable of maintaining and forming the network by themselves. Recently, researchers are designed several routing protocols on these networks. However, these routing protocols are more vulnerable to attacks from the intruders, which can easily paralyze the operation of the network due to its inherited characteristics of MANETS. One such type of attack is wormhole attack. Because of its severity, the wormhole attack has attracted a great deal of attention in the research community. This paper compares reactive and proactive routing protocols in adversarial environment. Specifically, wormhole attack is applied to these routing protocols to evaluate its performance through simulation. Comprehensively the results shows the comparative performance of these protocols against wormhole attack is hard to detect and easy to implement.

Designing routing protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks MANETs is a complex task because of its dynamic topology. A kind of routing protocols that suits the particularity of MANETs is so-called bio-inspired. Among these, focused on Ant Colony Optimisation ACO, which studies the behaviour of ants in their search for food, are especially relevant. One of these algorithms is AntOR, which relying on swarm intelligence, efficiently solves routing in MANETs. In this paper we show a parallelised version of AntOR, the so-called P-AntOR, that using programming multiprocessor architectures based on shared memory protocol, allows to run tasks in parallel using threads, being applicable this parallelisation in the route discovery phase, route local repair process and link failure notification. The simulation results indicate that P-AntOR performs better than its predecessor, with emphasis on the metric of average End-To-End delay, jitter and packet delivery ratio.

The increasing demand for delivering communication services in regions with intermittent connectivity and low node density has motivated researchers to develop new routing protocols. There are many application dependent routing protocols in the literature to establish communication for densely connected MANETs to the highly mobile and Opportunistic DTNs (Delay Tolerant Networks). OceanNet aims to provide reliable communication services to the fishermen who take fishing trips that last for several days. In this paper, we study the existing research done on MANET, DTN and hybrid routing protocols. We adopt a system level simulation study for the OceanNet network topology using NS-3. The goal of this approach is to understand the network performance under various factors such as scalability, node movement and connectivity of different types of fishing vessels using MANET protocols. Simulation results show that choosing a single MANET protocol does not prove to be effective for the different scenarios considered in the network.

Lots of routing protocols have been proposed in the literatures to overcome several challenges in ad hoc networks. The fundamental point we consider in this paper is that most of such protocols are generally based on the assumption that mobile nodes are functionally equivalent to each other in computing power and memory space. Moreover, all of the mobile nodes are required to use a common routing protocol to communicate with each other. However, such assumptions do not reflect the real world, even further the future oriented ubiquitous world. The ubiquitous paradigm requires networking technologies to support the heterogeneity including various capabilities to compute, amounts of storage, radio interfaces, patterns of mobility and others. In real scenario, for instance, some nodes may not want to relay packets for others owing to their power constraints. Also there might be nodes employing different routing protocols in a single communication zone. To cover some of these cases, this paper proposes a simple but efficient approach called HRPC (Heterogeneous Routing Protocol Coordinator) that works well in our previously proposed MANET architecture. HRPC is not a stand-alone routing protocol but a coordinating module for support bridging functionality between heterogeneous routing protocols in MANET. This paper also gives HRPC implementation and its demonstration results, where DYMO and OLSR routing protocols are used as an exemplified scenario to evaluate the operability of HRPC.

This study examines energy consumption and the impact on network lifetime using ANODR and DYMO routing protocols in MANETs with the QualNet simulator. Both ANODR and DYMO are designed for MANETs but employ different approaches for establishing and maintaining routes among mobile nodes. ANODR adapts routing decisions based on neighborhood information, while DYMO operates on-demand, establishing routes only when necessary. To investigate energy consumption and network lifetime, simulations or experiments should be conducted to compare the performance of these protocols under various scenarios. Analyzing these QoS metrics provides insights into the energy efficiency and impact on network lifetime of ANODR and DYMO in MANETs.

Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a one that has decentralized, self-organized and self-configurable network. All mobile nodes are moving arbitrarily. It consists of mobile wireless nodes that communicate themselves without any well defined infrastructure and also do not required any interference of third party base station. MANET’s routing protocols are classified in three categories. Proactive, Reactive and Hybrid Routing Protocols are three routing Protocols. But we basically Focus on only one of each routing protocol by varying by Data Dropped and Retransmission. In this paper we analysis performance of routing protocol by using mobility models vector mobility and random way point. We are focusing performance comparison on routing protocols on Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) is proactive routing protocol also known as table driven protocol, (AODV)Ad Hoc on Demand Distance Vector is Reactive Routing Protocol and also establish a connection on demand and third one is Gathering-based Routing Protocol (GRP) which is hybrid routing protocol. In this paper we have compare two mobility models with above three protocols. In simulation results AODV shows best results by using OPNET 14.5 simulators. We can also compare its performance by using 50 nodes and show its outcome with the help of comparison table.

The Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is collection of connected mobile nodes without any centralized administration. Proactive routing approach is one of those categories of proposed routing protocol which is not suitable for larger network due to their high overhead to maintain routing table for each and every node. The novelty of this approach is to form a binary tree structure of several independent sub-networks by decomposing a large network to sub-networks. Each sub-network is monitored by selected agent node which is selected by several broadcasted regulations. Agent node maintains two routing information one for local routing within sub-network and another for routing through all other agent node. Initially whole network is divided in two nearly equal independent sub-networks, and this process follows up to feasible number of nodes in each sub-network. So in routing mechanism first source node checks for destination within sub-network then source send destination address to respective parent agent node if destination is not available in local routing, this process follows up to the destination node. This approach allowed any proactive routing protocol with scalability for every routing mechanism. The proposed approach is thoroughly analyzed and its justification for the connectivity through sub-networks, routing between each source to destination pair, scalability, etc are given, which show expected performance.KeywordsWireless Ad Hoc NetworksProactive Routing ProtocolScalable Proactive Routing ProtocolBinary Tree Based Routing Protocol

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) frameworks assemble an entryway that gives remote availability back to the wired world and conveyed node. Finding appropriate routes in a network is the main objective considered for WSN. Many routing protocols have been developed for selecting efficient and reliable paths but it is strenuous to tell which protocol acts better for various network frameworks. Simulations are performed in WSN by using different software or simulators for analyzing the routing protocols. In this research work, extensive performance analysis has been done on three types of routing protocols. Performance evaluation on Proactive routing protocol (DSDV and OLSR), Reactive routing protocol (AODV and AOMDV) and Hybrid protocol (ZRP) with a changeable network environment have been done in this paper. The performance measuring is analyzed on the basis of throughput, end-to-end delay, normalized routing load, average jitter and transmit energy consumption depends by changing the number of nodes and pause time. Five different performance parameters have made this work unique as well as help to the proper understanding of the working procedure of three categories routing protocols. The performance has been calculated with the help of network simulator NS-2.35.

In MANETs, there are many critical issues such as energy consumption, QoS, exposure to attacks, link stability etc. that need to be addressed for improved communication. `Link Stability' is important because radio links are likely to be unreliable due to node mobility. This instability leads to increased rerouting which further escalates routing overhead. One way of reducing routing overhead is use of multicasting instead of unicast routing. Multicast Routing Protocol transmits data simultaneously to a group of destination nodes to achieve better resource utilization. In this paper, we present a multicasting routing protocol that uses received signal strength as a metric to estimate link stability. Estimated SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio) at every node in respect of different senders is used to determine a reliable path that is likely to mitigate link failures and reduce end-to-end delay. For any two nodes, we aim at finding best link with high probability of longer lifetime. We have simulated our experiment on Exata/Cyber Simulator and compared the result of the proposed routing protocol with ODMRP (On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol) based on minimum hop count. Analysis of our simulation results show improvement of various routing performance metrics such as PDR, Routing Overhead and packet drop ratio.

Ad hoc mobile devices heavily depend on the performance of batteries. Optimizing the power consumption is a very crucial issue. To maximize the lifetime of mobile ad hoc network, the power consumption rate of each node must be reduced. In this paper we present a novel energy efficient routing algorithm based on mobile agents to deal with the routing mechanism in the energy-critical environments. A few mobile agents move in the network and communicate with each node. They collect the network information to build the global information matrix of nodes. The routing algorithm chooses a shortest path of all nodes in all possible routes. Additionally, we compare the performance of power-relation routing protocol DSR (Dynamic Source Routing) in simulation environment.The results show that the survivability of Ad Hoc network has been better because of less energy consumption when using our improved DSR as compare to standard DSR protocol.

Mobile ad hoc network-a revolutionary concept in itself, is a collection of wireless mobile nodes that are dynamically and arbitrarily located in a fashion that the interconnection between nodes are capable of changing in a continual basis. MANET has increasingly gained popularity, especially with the military and it is the aim and zeal of technology to upgrade its components and make them better and better. Mainly 4 or 5 types of conventional routing protocols of reactive, proactive or hybrid natures are used based on the requirements of the network. However power consumption in all these are rather high causing the transmission cost to increase. Thus, the quest for an energy efficient routing protocol in MANET to make its usage even better. In this paper we have tried to talk about newer energy efficient routing protocols. These take into consideration that in MANET, channel and energy capacity are scarce resources. Thus it is extremely important to enhance the lifetime of MANETs. Hence we have listed certain energy efficient protocols ideally suited for the current scenario.