SVDD-Based Illumination Compensation for Face Recognition

The SVDD (support vector data description) is one of the most well-known one-class support vector learning methods, in which one tries the strategy of utilizing balls defined on the feature space in order to distinguish a set of normal data from all other possible abnormal objects. The usual strategy of the SVDD depends on the process of finding the region for the normal-class training data with somewhat neglecting the distribution of the abnormal data, thus it may not work well if applied to the binary classification problems in which two classes have similar number of data. In this paper, we consider the problem of performing binary classification based on the SVDD techniques, and in order to overcome the possible drawback of the usual SVDD strategy focusing on the normal-class data only, we propose a new SVDD algorithm which is based on the use of two different SVDD balls for the positive and negative classes along with the SVDD projection and nearest neighbor rule. To investigate how the proposed method works, we compared the performance of the proposed method with SVC (support vector classifier) and conventional SVDD using several real datasets.

Support vector data description (SVDD) is a well-known kernel-based one-class classification method that exhibits intrinsic regularization ability and robustness versus low numbers of high-dimensional samples. However, the efficiency of SVDD is limited by the cubic time complexity. To solve this problem, this paper first investigates the effect of selecting a reduced subset as the training set of SVDD, while guaranteeing the classification quality. To this end, a new heuristic sample condensed rule, termed HSC, is proposed to accurately identify those potential support vectors that characterize the classification boundary. HSC can consider both the spatial distribution and local density features of training samples, and focus on selecting samples very close to the decision boundary. When dealing with the local density computation, we introduce the idea of K nearest neighbors (KNN) to examine the density of samples in the neighbors of the object to be classified. Finally, a condensed but informative subset obtained by HSC will be applied to train SVDD breezily. The experimental results show that HSC-based SVDD sensibly improves over conventional SVDD, in terms of the size of the training set while guaranteeing a comparable classification quality. In addition, it is competitive over other improved SVDD classifiers in terms of training and testing time.

Anomaly detection using improved deep SVDD model with data structure preservation

As one classical anomaly detection technology, support vector data description (SVDD) has been successfully applied to nonlinear chemical process monitoring. However, the basic SVDD model cannot achieve a satisfactory fault detection performance in the complicated cases because of its intrinsic shallow learning structure. Motivated by the deep learning theory, one improved SVDD method, called ensemble deep SVDD (EDeSVDD), is proposed in order to monitor the process faults more effectively. In the proposed method, a deep support vector data description (DeSVDD) framework is firstly constructed by introducing the deep feature extraction procedure. Different to the traditional SVDD with only one feature extraction layer, DeSVDD is designed with multi-layer feature extraction structure and optimized by minimizing the data-enclosing hypersphere with the regularization of the deep network weights. Further considering the problem that DeSVDD monitoring performance is easily affected by the model structure and the initial weight parameters, an ensemble DeSVDD (EDeSVDD) is presented by applying the ensemble learning strategy based on Bayesian inference. A series of DeSVDD sub-models are generated at the parameter level and the structure level, respectively. These two levels of sub-models are integrated for a holistic monitoring model. To identify the cause variables for the detected faults, a fault isolation scheme is designed by applying the distance correlation coefficients to measure the nonlinear dependency between the original variables and the holistic monitoring index. The applications to the Tennessee Eastman process demonstrate that the proposed EDeSVDD model outperforms the traditional SVDD model and the DeSVDD model in terms of fault detection performance and can identify the fault cause variables effectively.

Fault signal is always a problem that interferes with the operation of fiber board gluing control system. This paper proposes a Possibilistic C-Means (PCM) improved support vector data description (SVDD) method to construct a multi-classifier for the fault diagnosis of fiber gluing control system. In the proposed method, SVDD is employed to construct a multi-classifier for the fault diagnosis in the gluing system. Because the original SVDD is sensitive to the noises and outliers, we use PCM to improve the accuracy of classifier and then conduct a series of experiments. The results of the experiments show that the method proposed can identify the actual situation accurately and provide a high identification rate up to 97%, which is better than original SVDD.

Support vector data description (SVDD) is an effective algorithm for nonlinear process monitoring. However, the conventional SVDD method can't deal with the incipient faults well, which has the small fault amplitude and is easy to be overlapped by industrial noises. Aiming at this problem, an improved SVDD, called probability related SVDD in local variable field (LVPSVDD), is proposed to detect the incipient faults in nonlinear processes. Firstly, the method divides process variables into several local variable fields by hierarchical clustering, and the SVDD model of each variable field is built. Then the sliding window technology is applied to the SVDD distance statistics, and the probability distribution change in the sliding window is measured by Kullback Leibler divergence (KLD). For each local variable field, the corresponding probability related monitoring statistic is developed to replace the original distance statistic. Finally, the global monitoring statistic is obtained by integrating the monitoring results of all local variable fields with Bayesian inference strategy. The method is illustrated with simulation on the continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR).

Density weighted support vector data description

Solving one-class problem with outlier examples by SVM

Support Vector Data Description (SVDD) as a kernel-based method constructs a minimum hypersphere so as to enclose all the data of the target class in the kernel mapping space. In this paper, it is found that the kernel matrix G of SVDD can always have the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and the corresponding kernel mapping space can be made up of a set of base vectors generated by SVD. In order to make the kernel mapping more flexible, we induce a parameter λ into the set of base vectors and thus propose a novel SVDD with fractional order kernel (named λ-SVDD). In doing so, we can expand the solution space for the optimized dual problem of the SVDD. The experimental results on both synthetic data set and some real data sets show that the proposed method can bring more accurate description for all the tested target cases than the conventional SVDD.

The SVDD (support vector data description) is one of the most well-known one-class support vector learning methods, in which one tries the strategy of utilizing balls defined on the feature space in order to distinguish a set of normal data from all other possible abnormal objects. The major concern of this paper is to extend the main idea of the SVDD for the problem of pattern de-noising. Combining the projection onto the spherical decision boundary resulting from the SVDD together with a solver for the pre-image problem, we propose a new method for pattern de-noising. In the proposed method, we first solve the SVDD for the training data, then for each noisy test pattern, perform de-noising by projecting its feature vector onto the decision boundary on the feature space, and finally find the location of the de-noised pattern by obtaining the pre-image of the projection. The applicability of the proposed method is illustrated via an example dealing with noisy handwritten digits.

Support Vector Data Description (SVDD) is an extremely hot topic issue in One-Class Classification (OCC), which has displayed outstanding performance in dealing with many novelty detection problems. However, SVDD just takes the data description by the kernel-based distance among each instance into consideration rather than considering the distribution of the data. Therefore, Fuzzy Support Vector Data Description (Fuzzy-SVDD) has been developed to distribute a fuzzy membership to each input sample so that different samples cause different contributions to classification boundary. The majority of the methods in Fuzzy-SVDD are based on the sample density, but there are remaining two problems. These density-based Fuzzy-SVDD methods would decrease the contribution of support vectors (SVs) in low densities. What is more, these methods cannot get a precise density when there are few target samples. These two problems would lead to a poor classification boundary. To overcome these drawbacks, a novel method called Boundary-based Fuzzy-SVDD (BF-SVDD) is proposed in this paper. BF-SVDD uses a new definition called local–global center distance to search for the samples near the boundary. Then, it enhances fuzzy memberships of these samples because they carry more significant information for the decision boundary than other data. The contribution of this paper can be summarized into three main points. First a novel concept called local–global center distances is proposed to find the SVs better. Second, fuzzy memberships with local–global center distance make SVs more informative to create the decision boundary. Furthermore, the experiments based on University of California, Irvine and Knowledge Extraction based on Evolutionary Learning also show that the proposed method has excellent performances. Even for the minority class in imbalance data sets, the proposed method can also have a good classification.

It is difficult to fully collect foreign body sample in detecting foreign bodies from tobacco.A detection method based on Support Vector Data Description(SVDD) was proposed.Thus a one-class classifier can be developed by using tobacco samples soly.RGB and HSV of tobacco and several typical foreign bodies were firstly extracted;then the HV component was used as eigenvector.A developed SVDD classifier was applied to distinguish foreign bodies from tobacco by inputting the HV eigenvector.Finally through the Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC) curve,the SVDD classifier was compared with three other methods in classification effect.The experimental results show that by adopting feature extraction with HV component,the data dimension was reduced and a higher computation efficiency was achieved.The SVDD classifier has a stronger classification ability and higher efficiency,which could distinguish foreign bodies from tobacco better.

Monitoring of solid-state fermentation of wheat straw in a pilot scale using FT-NIR spectroscopy and support vector data description

For the problem of a large dataset, we need to select a subset to represent the original dataset. Many scholars do pattern selection from the problem of the kNN (k-nearest neighbors). The distribution of a pattern's neighbors is usually uneven. In this paper, we define a fixed neighborhood sphere. When the pattern locates near the boundary of the data distribution, there will be fewer neighbors in the neighborhood sphere and when the pattern locates within the data distribution, there will be more neighbors in the neighborhood sphere. According to gather the statistic of the neighbors in a fixed neighborhood sphere, we can find those patterns locating near the boundary of the data distribution. In SVDD (Support Vector Data Description), those patterns are locating near the boundary of the data distribution have more information. They are those patterns which would be support vectors. We can use FNSPS (fixed neighborhood sphere pattern selection) algorithm to select those patterns, which locate near the boundary of the data distribution. The experimental results show that the performance of the SVDD will not go bad. The time complexity of the naive identifying the neighbors in the fixed neighborhood sphere is O(n2). And the time complexity of the SVDD is O(n3). If we set a lower threshold, the FNSPS algorithm can also be used to remove the noise in the targets.

The paper aims to solve the problem of insufficient high risk data in risk assessment of R&D projects. A one-class classification method called support vector data description (SVDD) is studied, and an intelligent risk assessment model based on SVDD with fuzzy regression information is also proposed. The model comes into being a new approach. Applying this approach, firstly verify the conversional risk evaluation indexes by fuzzy regression technique to develop a sensitive index system. Secondly the study uses the historical risk data referring to these indexes to train the SVDD one-class classifier. Unlike previously proposed intelligent methods of risk assessment, with this model the risk level can be distinguished only by training of low risk data. The results of its application on an example show that the method is feasible for risk assessment with the fuzzy high risk data.