System analysis of methods for correcting the parameters of the system "ideal current source - asynchronous motor"

The conventional method of a single phase induction motor windings design usually constructed the main and auxiliary windings in both slot. So, there was a complicated winding design if that compare to the three-phase induction motor. Because of that, this study was aimed to design a new windings design of a single phase induction motor that construction like a three-phase induction motor. This study was focused to design a 24 slot capacitor-start capacitor-run induction motor. The windings in the motor are divided in 3 group like a three-phase induction motor. The two windings act as a main windings and the other winding act as auxiliary winding. The current rating of the winding of the proposed single-phase induction motor was 2.74A. The performances of the proposed method were compared with the performances of a three-phase induction motor that had the same current rating. The motor used as a comparator was a three-phase induction of 380/220V, 2.74/4.7A, Y/Δ, cage rotor, 4 poles, 1.5 HP, 1400 RPM, 50Hz. The result of this study showed that the proposed design of single phase induction motor could be operated with better performances than the three-phase comparator induction motor’s.

Preface. Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION. 1.1 A Brief History of Electric Power Systems. 1.2 The Structure of the Power System. 1.3 Outline of the Text. Chapter 2: BASICS OF ELECTRIC ENERGY SYSTEM THEORY. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Concepts of Power in Alternating Current Systems. 2.3 Three-Phase Systems. 2.4 The Per Unit System. 2.5 Electromagnetism and Electromechanical Energy Conversion. 2.6 Permeability and Magnetic Field Intensity. 2.7 Flux Linkages, Induced Voltages, Inductance, and Energy. 2.8 Hysteresis Loop. 2.9 Eddy Current and Core Losses. 2.10 Energy Flow Approach. 2.11 Multiply Excited Systems. 2.12 Doubly Excited Systems. 2.13 Salient-Pole Machines. 2.14 Round or Smooth Air-Gap Machines. 2.15 Machine-Type Classification. 2.16 P-Pole Machines. 2.17 Power System Representation. Problems. Chapter 3: POWER GENERATION AND THE SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 The Synchronous Machine: Preliminaries. 3.3 Synchronous Machine Fields. 3.4 A Simple Equivalent Circuit. 3.5 Principal Steady-State Characteristics. 3.6 Power-Angle Characteristics and the Infinite Bus Concept. 3.7 Accounting for Saliency. 3.8 Salient-Pole Machine Power Angle Characteristics. Problems. Chapter 4: THE TRANSFORMER. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 General Theory of Transformer Operation. 4.3 Transformer Connections. Problems. Chapter 5: ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Electric Transmission Line Parameters. 5.3 Line Inductance. 5.4 Line Capacitance. 5.5 Two-Port Networks. 5.6 Transmission Line Models. Problems. Chapter 6: INDUCTION AND FRACTIONAL HORSEPOWER MOTORS. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Three-Phase Induction Motors. 6.3 Torque Relations. 6.4 Classification of Induction Motors. 6.5 Rotating Magnetic Fields in Single-Phase Induction Motors. 6.6 Equivalent Circuits for Single-Phase Induction Motors. 6.7 Power and Torque Relations. 6.8 Starting Single-Phase Induction Motors. 6.9 Single-Phase Induction Motor Types. Problems. Chapter 7: FAULTS AND PROTECTION OF ELECTRIC ENERGY SYSTEMS. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Transients during a Balanced Fault. 7.3 The Method of Symmetrical Components. 7.4 Sequence Networks. 7.5 Line-to-Ground Fault. 7.6 Double Line-to-Ground Fault. 7.7 Line-to-Line Fault. 7.8 The Balanced Three-Phase Fault. 7.9 System Protection, An Introduction. 7.10 Protective Relays. 7.11 Transformer Protection. 7.12 Transmission Line Protection. 7.13 Impedance-Based Protection Principles. 7.14 Computer Relaying. Problems. Chapter 8: THE ENERGY CONTROL CENTER. 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Overview of EMS Functions. 8.3 Power Flow Control 8.4 Power Flow 8.5 Stability Considerations 8.6 Power System State Estimation 8.7 Power System Security 8.8 Contingency Analysis 8.9 Optimal Preventive and Corrective Actions 8.10 Dynamic Security Analysis Chapter 9: THE PRESENT AND FUTURE OF ELECTRIC ENERGY SYSTEMS. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Challenges Facing the System. 9.3 Blackouts and their Impact. 9.4 Mitigating and Coping. REFERENCES. INDEX.

In this paper, the transient and steady-state performances of an isolated self-excited induction generator driven by a wind turbine and feeding power to a dynamic load such as a three-phase induction motor are analyzed. Mathematical modeling and simulation study of the whole system, including the wind turbine, induction generator, capacitor, pulse width modulated voltage source inverter, and dynamic load, are carried out with closed-loop voltage and frequency controller. The complete system is modeled in the stationary $d-q$ frame and validated by comparing simulation and experimental results at no-load. The same mathematical model is then used to study the transient performance of the self-excited induction generator supplying to a dynamic load. When the induction motor is connected to the induction generator without any voltage and frequency controller, it causes severe transients in electrical and mechanical variables of the generator. Due to the large starting-current requirement of the induction motor, there is a collapse of the terminal voltage of the generator. A bidirectional pulse width modulated source inverter with DC link battery is connected with the generator and operated in closed-loop control mode to maintain voltage and frequency and to operate the induction motor successfully with variable wind speed and mechanical load.

In recent years, AC induction motors have replaced DC motor. The most important reason for this is that DC motors have a mechanical brush and commutator system that is subject to wear and tear over time. While DC motor drivers need a lot of maintenance due to this system, induction motors do not require almost any maintenance since this system is not available. In recent years, technological advances in the field of multiphase induction motors have led to a significant evolution. A lot of research has been done around the world and a lot of new and interesting developments have been reported to the literature. This paper provides information about six-phase induction. In addition, what kind of advantages the concept of multiphase provides and how this structure is formed contains information about them. The six-phase induction motor will be simulated through the MATLAB/SIMULINK package program and compare with three phase induction motor. Both motors were run in simulation using the same parameters. At the end of the simulation, current, moment and speed graphs of the six-phase induction motor and three-phase induction motor will be drawn according to time. The study also included equations used during modeling and equivalent circuits belonging to a six-phase induction motor. It has been graphically shown that a six-phase induction motor is more advantageous than a three-phase motor. For example, in six-phase induction motors, the transition time to a continuous state is shorter. In addition, while the frequency of torque vibration increases, its amplitude decreases, the current value of each phase decreases, the stator copper losses are less than the three-phase induction motor. In motors, usually the power needed is divided by the number of phases. So the more phases there are, the greater the power carrying capacity. Today, multi-phase induction motor drives are used in special applications such as electric vehicles, space technology, aerospace applications, as moving power on ships, electric trains, which require high reliability and power.

PurposeThis paper aims to employ particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique for optimum design of single‐phase induction motor (SPIM) on the basis of maximizing the efficiency of the motor simultaneously satisfying a set of performance constraints.Design/methodology/approachThe design problem of a SPIM is presented as a nonlinear optimization problem on the basis of maximizing the efficiency of the motor. A set of performance constraints are imposed in the optimization procedure. Particle swarm optimization technique is used as an optimization tool for obtaining the motor dimensions corresponding to maximum efficiency. Incorporation of PSO as a derivative free optimization technique in solving SPIM optimum design problem significantly relieves the assumptions imposed on the optimized objective function.FindingsThis approach has been applied to two sample motors and the results are compared with the evolutionary programming (EP) results. It is observed that the proposed approach is effective and robust.Originality/valueThe fields of application of SPIMs are expanding day by day. The emphasis on energy conservation demands an improvement of the efficiency of single‐phase induction motors. Hence, the design optimization of these motors with efficiency as objective function assumes great importance.

Induction motors, particularly single‐phase induction motors (SPIMs), represent the major consumption of power in the household sector. SPIMs that fail during their life cycle represent the best opportunity to improve their efficiency by replacing or repairing them. Although replacing faulty motors with new and efficient ones results in significant energy savings, this replacement is uneconomical due to its high initial costs. Additionally, this option requires extensive energy and materials to manufacture, resulting in a considerable environmental impact. This article aims to introduce a three‐phase rewinding of a failed SPIM using a rewinding algorithm that significantly improves the machine's efficiency and performance in an economically viable way. The 0.75 HP single‐phase capacitor‐start induction motor has been rewound to convert it into a three‐phase motor with the required 110 V line voltage and 50 Hz frequency. The economic analysis implies that the rewound machine's life‐cycle cost is 6% and 18% lower than the purchased SPIM IE1 and existing SPIM by below efficiency class respectively. The rewound motor achieves a payback period of 1–1.6 years for different motor loading levels, based on the world average electricity price, indicating an economically viable solution.

The three-phase induction motor (IM) plays an essential role in industry; therefore, ensuring these motors operate under faultless and reliable conditions. Previous studies have reported that 28% to 38% of IM failures are related to the stator windings. For this reason, numerous efforts have been made to develop low-cost procedures for early fault detection in IMs. However, their primary drawback is that they involve complex mathematical operations for analyzing acquired information in the frequency or time-frequency domains, making online implementation challenging. Consequently, there remains a need for a reliable, online method to detect faulty conditions in IMs. In this work, a straightforward methodology based on the phasor-representation analysis and a fuzzy logic classifier is proposed for the online detection and classification of short-circuit faults in a three-phase IM. The signal-processing technique in this approach involves basic arithmetic operations, making it feasible for implementation on the Texas Instruments 32-bit, floating-point digital signal processor TMS320F28335. The obtained results demonstrate the efficacy and utility of the proposed methodology in detecting and classifying incipient or simultaneous short-circuit faults. It significantly reduces processing time while achieving high precision and accuracy compared to previous approaches reported in recent literature.

Comparative performance analysis of a standard three-phase induction motor and an asymmetric three-phase induction motor fed from a single-phase network

Induction motor is the most motor applicable in the world. especially three phase induction motor. Furthermore 95% of induction motor are used as propulsion in industry. However, maintenance costs are large enough more than 50% of operating costs of the industry or the factory. To reduce these costs is to detect early faults in induction motors. One way to detect initial faults is to measure and analyze the temperature of the induction motor. In this research, the authors design temperature monitoring of a three-phase induction motor using the internet of things to make it easier for users to monitor the temperature of an existing three-phase induction motor and to schedule maintenance if temperature reach the operating limit. The field system elements consist of SoC ESP32 to collect data from 2D temperature, to drive lead screw and to send data to cloud. The SoC ESP 32 is connected to the AMG8833 temperature sensor array which collect the frame of temperature of a three-phase induction motor in the form of an 8x8 array. In addition, the SoC ESP32 is also connected to the motor driver L293D to regulate the movement of geared DC motor. Geared DC motor is used to drive the lead screw which already has a mount for placing the AMG8833. From the test on 18.5 kW, 360V induction motor installed in chemical industry, it is obtained the sensor can measure temperature accurately and it travel smoothly above frame. In the storage using MongoDB database, the data transmission fulfilled the QoS requirement.
 

Mechanical and electrical forces of a three-phase induction motor (TIM), in operation, can cause strain in the stator, which may lead to frustrating vibration problems. These problems may greatly reduce reliability and ultimately lead to increased maintenance cost. This paper shows the method to overcome this problem by carrying out the dynamic strain measurement analysis in a TIM running at no-load condition, using an optical fiber sensor. The dynamic strain induced by mechanical and electrical forces was measured by using fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), installed inside the motor, in between two stator teeth. The electromagnetic immunity and reduced size of the FBGs render them suitable for this application. The frequency components of the strain in TIM were predicted using a model of the forces present in the air gap, considering static and dynamic rotor eccentricities. Two TIM motors, one of 2-poles and the other of 4-poles, and each equipped with two FBGs strain sensors, were used. The sensors were positioned between two stator teeth, separated by 120° from each other in the 2-pole motor and 90° in the 4-pole motor. The experimental analysis shows that the frequency components of the dynamic force spectrum presented by the two motors are the same as those predicted theoretically. Rotor eccentricity was achieved by attaching an unbalanced load to the rotor shaft. The amplitude of vibration at rotor rotational frequency increased when the unbalanced load on the rotor shaft increased. The measurement presented in this paper can be used to determine some TIM parameters, such as the effect of the motor power supply on its vibration signal. It can also be used as a potential maintenance tool for the continuous monitoring of the TIM with high sensitivity.

The research issues include the performance of three-phase induction motors and the impact of load on three-phase induction motors. This study aims to develop a driving system for empty fruit bunches (EFB) processing machines using induction motors at PT. Suryabumi Agro Langgeng, South Sumatra. The research was conducted at PT. Suryabumi Agro Langgeng in South Sumatra, from May to June 2024. Primary data in this research were obtained through observation and interviews, while secondary data were gathered from document analysis. In the context of this research on three-phase induction motors, document analysis techniques can be used to analyze various documents such as scientific literature, technical specifications, maintenance reports, production records, or other documents related to induction motors. The research methods include system requirements analysis, system design and implementation of the driving system, and performance testing of the developed system. The results show that the use of induction motors can provide better operational efficiency in EFB processing. This research is expected to contribute positively to improving the efficiency and productivity of PT. Suryabumi Agro Langgeng's operations.

The use of speed sensors in the speed controller of three-phase induction motors affects the reliability of the induction motors. In addition, the drive engine that is often used in industry is a three-phase induction motor. So, speed sensorless control is needed for induction motors to achieve the best performance. This study uses a discrete disturbance observer (D0) as feedback on the speed sensorless control. The controller used in this method is a discrete PI with the Cohen-Coon (CC) and Ziegler-Nichols (ZN) tuning method. The purpose of this study is to obtain a comparative analysis of the CC and ziegler nichols tuning method using a discrete PI on the speed sensorless control scheme with torque load variation. This study was carried out experimentally using an Alliance AY3A-90L4 induction motor. The results show that the CC tuning method is better under parameter efficiency and robustness against disturbance and ZN is better under parameter reliability.

The paper represents a model based three-phase induction motor underlying field oriented control (FOC) system that receives updated values of the rotor resistance from a proposed mathematical model intended to estimate the rotor’s resistance based on the induction motor’s performance. The rotor’s resistance value is a paramount parameter in the field-orientation equations that control three-phase induction motors. This resistance value is subject to continuous variation due to temperature variation of the motor; hence, it has to be either estimated or computed using a mathematical model to guarantee the solidity of the field-oriented control (FOC) and its accuracy. Therefore, there is an urgent demand to develop a mathematical model to update the implication of the rotor’s resistance value for inclusion in the whole motoring process in time-based simulations. The proposed mathematical model depends on temperature variation of the rotor’s windings as well as on the convective heat transfer model. The proposed model has been implemented on an FOC controlled induction motor using Matlab/Simulink for validation. The results obtained illustrate the effects imposed by the rotor’s resistance variation on the performance and integrity of the induction motor.

Keywords: Induction motor, windings, phase-shifting capacitor, efficiency, positive and reverse sequence currents
 Induction motors consume almost 70% of the world’s electricity as they are the driving force behind the vast majority of rotary mechanisms [1]. For industrial and domestic purposes alone, about a million new electric motors are commissioned annually. Single-phase induction motors (SPIMs) are superior to all other types of electrical machines that operate on a single-phase AC voltage network because of their simple and robust design and low cost. Therefore, a small improvement in the SPIM energy performance can have a strong impact on energy consumption worldwide and ultimately reduce emissions of harmful substances into environment. This article presents a technique for optimizing SPIM windings in order to maximize efficiency with a given and fixed phase-shifting capacitor. The positive effect of the application of the proposed method is confirmed by the results of SPIM industrial tests with various powers and rotor speeds.

The author discusses those factors which determine the efficiency and rating of polyphase AC induction motors. The loss mechanisms are described and are related to the performance and design characteristics of the motor, such as the operating flux density, the winding turns distribution, the current density in the windings, the motor speed torque characteristic, and the motor efficiency itself. The author emphasizes the fact that induction motor design is an integrated process and that it is not in general possible to adjust one motor design parameter (such as the winding turns distribution) without changing a number of performance parameters (torque, efficiency, rating, etc.). In addition, the factors that together determine the rating of induction motors are discussed. The author also discusses the common pitfalls which occur when attempting to interpret induction motor performance measurements. The need to measure both the electrical input power and the mechanical output power of a motor to determine its efficiency is emphasized. Finally, the author presents a brief discussion of tests performed upon a set of AC induction motors which were rewound using the Unity-Plus winding technology. This technology has received considerable attention in the past few years because of claims that it can result in improved motor efficiency. The test results do not verify these claims. >