Technological innovation system in agribusiness: motors and evolution

Shaping factors in the emergence of technological innovations: The case of tidal kite technology

The university innovation is indispensable in the process of building an innovative country. Indeed, a university is an important carrier of a scientific and technological innovation system. In the new century and new stage, a scientific and technological innovation system is demanded in the internal and external environments faced by universities and the objective conditions of China’s economic and social development. The paper analyzes the bottleneck in constructing a scientific and technological innovation system in universities and points out the path choice of constructing a scientific and technological innovation system in universities.

Technological innovation systems in contexts: Conceptualizing contextual structures and interaction dynamics

Supporting the development and diffusion of sustainable innovations has become a dominant topic on the political agenda of many countries. However, this has proven to be a difficult task. To increase insight in such processes, this paper takes biofuel technologies in the mobility sector as the topic of a comparative case study. Various national governments have supported innovation trajectories around biofuels. We analyse, assess and compare two such trajectories as they have developed so far: one in the Netherlands and one in Sweden. A Technological Innovation System (TIS) approach is applied. A TIS is constituted by actors, networks and institutions, that are to be gradually constructed around a technology. We analyse whether governments and entrepreneurs have succeeded in developing seven key processes, or system functions, necessary for the development and diffusion of biofuel technologies. By analysing the build-up of system functions over time we identify virtuous and vicious forms of cumulative causation. The Dutch and Swedish TISs for biofuels are followed from 1990 to 2005. Our comparison shows that, due to the fulfilment of system functions and the emergence of cumulative causation, the Swedish TIS has reached a market expansion and broad social implementation of biofuels, whereas the Dutch TIS has established considerably less.

Understanding the formative stage of technological innovation system development: The case of natural gas as an automotive fuel

China is witnessed to catch up in the field of information technology (IT) through years of technology innovation. Scholars have indicated the significance of the government promotion and efficient technology innovation systems (TIS). Innovation literature about how TIS can be functioned and efficient with government intervention is still insufficient, especially that in catching-up context. This work aims to understand mechanism of government intervention in TIS for achieving technology innovation. Combining TIS frame with institutional perspective, a framework is developed. Underlying with the framework, case of TD-LTE innovation in China is examined based on extensive documentary research and semistructured interviews. Within catching-up context, this paper argues that government is required to exert institutional forces on key components of TIS in different stages to achieve different tasks, both influential and regulative, for innovation purpose. These institutional measures work with a time sequence and the environment of technology innovation is also significant.

A comparative analysis of Photovoltaic Technological Innovation Systems including international dimensions: the cases of Japan and The Netherlands

This paper introduces the evolutionary process of technological innovation and technology management in Chinese enterprises since 1949. First, the transition of corporate management and technology management in China is introduced in comparison to Western-style management. Then, based on the historical description and case studies, the typical technology development process, especially the processes of technological acquisition, learning and secondary innovation in Chinese enterprises, is analyzed. The integration between technology acquisition and in-house design and R&D is emphasized. The authors suggest that "assimilation and self-design upon imported technology" (3-I policy) is the suitable and vital technology development avenue for most Chinese firms. To accomplish such a technological avenue, coordination, which exists between product innovation and process innovation, corporate strategy and technology strategy, and technology evolution and organizational change must be organized well and dynamically. As Chinese firms face more severe competition than ever, more attention should be paid to the development of indigenous capabilities for technological innovation. The firms' innovation system (FIS), which emphasizes the infrastructure support for a firms entrepreneurship, R&D system, and organization, as well as high-talent personnel, should be established or improved. Thus, technology strategy and the technological innovation system are currently the two key issues of management of technology (MOT) in China and will continue to be into the coming century.

Transition pathways, transition failure, and sustainable transition in developing countries: Insights from wind turbines in Iran

The concept of Innovation System has been used since the late 1980s to analyze innovation and economic growth at various levels. National innovation systems focus primarily on national institutions that support knowledge creation and learning as the basis for innovation. Other systems focus on innovation at regional or sectoral levels. Technological innovation systems are micro-based, focusing on dynamic networks of individual actors, especially entrepreneurs, interacting in specific areas of economic activity and on knowledge creation and knowledge flows that give rise to new business opportunities. Much of the work on innovation systems in the 1990s and 2000s was largely descriptive, examining institutional infrastructure at the national level. More recently the concept has been used more as a tool to analyze knowledge flows, innovation, and growth in various sectors such as renewable energy, telecommunications, software, and biotechnology. Innovation systems analysis has also been applied at the firm level. In addition, the role of spillovers (unintended knowledge flows) and technology transfers (deliberate knowledge sharing) and their contribution to economic growth have been analyzed.

Towards sustainable urban basic services in low-income countries: A Technological Innovation System analysis of sanitation value chains in Nairobi

Strengthening the combination of science and technology finance is an important means to implement innovation driven development strategy.Since 2011, the Ministry of science and technology in conjunction with the eight ministries, the Ministry of finance, people's Bank of China and other selected 16 Beijing Zhongguancun, Chengdu hi tech Zone, Shanghai, Wuhan and other areas, to actively promote the combination of technology and finance pilot work, explore the new mechanism of scientific and technological resources and financial resources docking, and made significant progress.This paper attempts to sum up the experience of the pilot areas of scientific and technological financial innovation, in order to provide a good reference for the further development of Inner Mongolia's science and technology finance.

The automobile industry transformation leads to changes in the course of global mobility: the development paths related to electrification-based propulsion technologies have been accelerating over the last two decades.In the Brazilian case, we aim to understand how the country stands in relation to the growth of this technological route and what are the strengths and challenges.In this sense, the purpose of this thesis is to identify and understand the possibilities and necessary arrangements for electromobility in Brazil from the perspective of R&D activities and competence building for the Electric Propulsion System (EPS).This objective was conducted designing the EPS framework, adopted as the core artifact of electromobility.Based on competence bloc concept, this analytical scheme was inspired by the field of Technological Innovation System (TIS) theory.In order to achieve this, empirical data was collected and analyzed by conducting field survey with the main actors related to electromobility in Brazil (government, companies, class associations and institutes of science and technology).In addition, regarding Science and Technology indicators, patents was extracted from Questel Orbit platform; scientific articles, obtained in Scopus database, as well other secondary sources.It was possible to verify a TIS under construction and emerging in Brazil, exemplified by the actors who are (still) identifying their roles and articulating partnerships.The activities and projects are not defined and are being elaborated, such as the execution of pilot programs and demonstration projects.Vis-à-vis, there has been progress noted in public policy and its expanding regulation instruments, which can corroborate the segment development in Brazil.Regarding the competence building in Brazil, it was observed the increase of: (1) technologies patenting activities; (2) articles publications and (3) engagement of research groups related to EPS's competence blocks.The outputs of this mapping enabled a foresight exercise, prospecting local opportunities.The key technologies which Brazilian industry demonstrated competencies, highlights potential at: Powertrain, in advanced electric motors and their technologies; infrastructure, in the development of electric vehicle supply equipment and charging stations; energy accumulators, regarding packaging and software for batteries.In relation to vehicular architecture, the hybrid vehicles assembly using flex fuel systems were remarkable due to the advances taken by the previous biofuels sector experience.Pari passu, we diagnose challenges and obstacles, such as the technological gap of battery cells manufacturing in Brazil and the disconnection among automakers installed in Brazil with local suppliers.From this analysis, it becomes imperative to conceive a governance arrangement in this TIS and discuss means of coordination among these actors, in order to guide its activities and create a common vision of segment´s future.As a solution, it is proposed the creation of a National Platform for Electromobility, as a governance structure focused on the articulation and orchestration of these actors.As targets of this governance, strategic agendas were elaborated to be carried out, extracted through the barriers and opportunities exercise.In order to support these agendas and their implementation, it is suggested the creation of Permanent Forums and a Research Community to encompass the platform activities.

The coordination of scientific and technological innovation with economy and environment is conducive to the sustainable development of high energy-consuming industries. Under the background of realizing the “carbon peak and neutrality” goal in China, this paper constructs the evaluation index system of scientific and technological innovation, economy, and environment of high energy-consuming industries. Based on the coupling coordination theory, this paper analyzes the coordinated development of scientific and technological innovation, economy, and environment of high energy-consuming industries from 2011 to 2019 and analyzes the factors restricting the coordinated development of the three systems. The results show that with the emphasis on scientific and technological innovation and ecological environment, the coordination degree of the complex system of scientific and technological innovation, economy, and environment of high energy-consuming industries is gradually increasing. R & D investment, the proportion of total industrial output value in GDP, and coal consumption per 10000 yuan of industrial output value are the main influencing factors of the coordination of the three systems.

The concept of the circular economy has gained traction among scholars, governments, and businesses alike who advocate it as a remedy to the grand sustainability challenges of our time. These challenges include the enormous increase in resource use, waste, and greenhouse gas emissions from increasing production and consumption. Through its linkage with these sustainability challenges, the circular economy concept was transferred to an entirely renewed scale and scope of application within a short period of time. This PhD dissertation responds to calls in the scientific circular economy literature to better conceptualize and measure the circular economy. First, in its new context of application, the circular economy has often been criticized as a melting pot of concepts lacking consensus across scholars and other societal stakeholders. Second, circular economy measurement has thus far mostly been focused on technical aspects of the circular economy, quantitative performance measures and final sustainability impacts, rather than the progress of the transition to a circular economy. As a contribution to circular economy conceptualization, this dissertation synthesizes conceptual foundations of the circular economy into a new circular economy definition and it creates a comprehensive framework of a key circular economy principle, the circular economy value retention options (also called R-strategies). The definition includes the basic principles of circular economy (systems and value retention options), enablers (businesses models and consumers), and aims (sustainable development and an intact resource based for future generations). The framework of circular economy value retention options emerges from a qualitative analysis of 69 academic articles and comprises a 10R hierarchy (R0—Refuse, R1—Reduce, R2—Reuse/Resell, R3—Repair, R4—Refurbish, R5—Remanufacture, R6—Repurpose, R7—Recycle, R8—Recover Energy, R9—Remine). Circular economy measurement in the dissertation focuses on better understanding the circular economy transition in the formative phase through system-oriented measurement of circular economy processes. Two different frameworks are constructed in leaning on the “technological innovation systems” approach and its “seven functions of innovation systems”. The first framework focuses on the analyses of multiple, diverse circular economy solution trajectories emerging in parallel. To assess progress of solution trajectories, the 10R framework is utilized, and two additional innovation system functions are employed (coordination, regime change) to better capture their progress. An empirical mixed-methods study on the “Dutch circular textiles mission” serves to apply the framework. The second system-oriented framework developed is termed “AMOR”. It combines the original seven functions of innovation systems with the “Abilities, Motivations, Opportunities–AMO” framework and the 10Rs framework into a new framework (AMOR) with nine lead indicators. In the dissertation, a macro-level and a micro-level framework are introduced, and results are obtained based on government data from the Netherlands (macro-level) and through corporate sustainability reports from multinational corporations (micro-level). Overall, the dissertation derives advances on the circular economy concept and its measurement combined with empirical insights. It presents further avenues for conceptualization by academics and proposes that practitioners may use the circular economy definition, the 10R framework, and the measurement frameworks as a guideline for circular economy implementation and monitoring.