Technology Exposure, Parental Mediation, and Social Validation Pressures among Gen-Alpha: A Logistic Regression Study with Millennial Parents in Bangalore

Logistic regression is a widely used method to model categorical response data, and maximum likelihood (ML) estimation has widespread use in logistic regression. Although ML method is the most used method to estimate the regression coefficients in logistic regression model, multicollinearity seriously affects the ML estimator. To remedy the undesirable effects of multicollinearity, estimators alternative to ML are proposed. Drawing on the similarities between the multiple linear and logistic regressions, ridge, Liu and two parameter estimators are proposed which are based on the ML estimator. On the other hand, first-order approximated ridge estimator is proposed for use in logistic regression. This study will present further solutions to the problem in the form of alternative estimators which reduce the effect of collinearity. Owing to this, first-order approximated Liu, iterative Liu and iterative two parameter estimators are proposed. A simulation study as well as real life application are carried out to ascertain the effect of sample size and degree of multicollinearity, in which the ML based, first-order approximated and iterative biased estimators are compared. Graphical representations are presented which support the effect of the shrinkage parameter on the mean square error and prediction mean square error of the biased estimators.

Parental mediation is a key factor that influences adolescents’ exposure to online risk. Yet, research on this topic has mostly been cross-sectional and correlative, not exploring whether the relationship between parental mediation and adolescent online risk exposure could be bi-directional, where teens’ risk exposure influences parenting practices. To address this gap, we conducted an eight week, repeated measures web-based diary study with 68 adolescents (aged 13–17) and their parents to examine the relationships between three parental mediation strategies (active mediation, monitoring, and restriction) and three adolescent online risk types (explicit content, sexual solicitations, and online harassment) teens reported encountering online. Overall, parents and teens had significantly different perceptions regarding parental mediation, which yielded some consistent and conflicting results. Parents and teens agreed that parental restriction significantly increased the week in which the teen encountered all three risk types, and active mediation increased during the week in which the teen encountered online harassment. Parents and teens also consistently reported that restriction significantly decreased the week after an online harassment incident. Overall, we found that parental mediation and teen online risk exposure were most often significantly correlated in the same week, suggesting parenting occurred ‘just-in-time,’ rather than parents and teens’ behaviors bi-directionally influencing one another significantly from week-to-week. Our findings provide new insights into parent-teen perspectives on parental mediation and highlight the bi-directional relationship of parental mediation and online risk. We offer recommendations to facilitate ‘just in time’ parenting and provide teens with the necessary support to help keep them safe online.KeywordsAdolescent online safetyParental mediationOnline risksOnline harassmentSexual solicitationsExplicit content

The purpose of the present study was to examine the moderation of parental mediation in the longitudinal association between being a bystander of cyberbullying and cyberbullying perpetration and cyberbullying victimization. Participants were 1067 7th and 8th graders between 12 and 15 years old (51% female) from six middle schools in predominantly middle-class neighborhoods in the Midwestern United States. Increases in being bystanders of cyberbullying was related positively to restrictive and instructive parental mediation. Restrictive parental mediation was related positively to Time 2 (T2) cyberbullying victimization, while instructive parental mediation was negatively related to T2 cyberbullying perpetration and victimization. Restrictive parental mediation was a moderator in the association between bystanders of cyberbullying and T2 cyberbullying victimization. Increases in restrictive parental mediation strengthened the positive relationship between these variables. In addition, instructive mediation moderated the association between bystanders of cyberbullying and T2 cyberbullying victimization such that increases in this form of parental mediation strategy weakened the association between bystanders of cyberbullying and T2 cyberbullying victimization. The current findings indicate a need for parents to be aware of how they can impact adolescents’ involvement in cyberbullying as bullies and victims. In addition, greater attention should be given to developing parental intervention programs that focus on the role of parents in helping to mitigate adolescents’ likelihood of cyberbullying involvement.

Comparing cyberbullying perpetration on social media between primary and secondary school students

The purpose of the study was to compare factors influencing gender-related adolescent suicide ideation and attempts, focusing on depression and anxiety levels, and parental support. Data from the 2013 Korea Children and Youth Mental Health Promotion Study collected by the National Youth Policy Institute were analyzed using logistic regression. The study sample included 6316 middle and high school students. Among both male and female adolescents, the more severe the depression and anxiety of a given group (mild, moderate, severe), the higher the proportion of suicide ideation and attempts in the group with low parental support. For male adolescents, significant predictors of suicide ideation were all levels of depression, mild anxiety, and parental emotional support, whereas a significant predictor of suicide attempts was severe anxiety. For female adolescents, significant predictors of suicide ideation were all levels of depression and anxiety, as well as parental emotional and informational support. Significant predictors of suicide attempts were severe depression, moderate and severe anxiety, and parental emotional and economic support. The results can be used to improve suicide screening for high-risk adolescents. The development of mental health and parental support as part of adolescent suicide prevention programs requires different approaches for each gender.

Applying the parental mediation theory, this study investigates the main effects and interactive effects of three parental social media strategies, ie, active mediation, restrictive mediation, and non-intrusive inspection, on cyberbullying among teenagers. A matched child-parent survey was conducted with 642 secondary-school students aged 13-18 and their parents in China. The results showed that active mediation was negatively associated with both cyberbullying victimization and perpetration. Restrictive mediation was not significantly associated with cyberbullying. Non-intrusive inspection was positively associated with cyberbullying perpetration but not associated with cyberbullying victimization. Moreover, the two-way interaction between active and restrictive mediation as well as the three-way interaction between the three parental mediation strategies significantly affected cyberbullying perpetration and victimization. Specifically, the combination of high-level active mediation and non-intrusive inspection with low-level restrictive mediation was the most effective strategy for preventing cyberbullying. This finding significantly contributes to the parental mediation literature and provide theoretical guidelines for parental intervention to prevent cyberbullying among teenager.

General Background: Character education is crucial in shaping children’s personalities, with responsibility being a core value for social and personal development. This is particularly significant for orphans, who often face emotional vulnerabilities due to parental loss and require structured guidance in institutional care settings. Specific Background: The Annur Orphanage in Medan implements various parenting strategies aimed at fostering responsibility among its residents. However, previous studies on orphanage-based character formation have been limited, often lacking focus on specific traits like responsibility. Knowledge Gap: Few studies examine in detail the systematic parenting strategies within orphanages, especially in Annur Orphanage, and their role in cultivating responsibility in children. Aims: This study aims to explore and analyze the parenting strategies employed at Annur Orphanage to instill a sense of responsibility in orphans. Results: Using a descriptive qualitative approach, findings reveal that caregivers apply habituation, exemplary modeling, and task assignments—integrated with religious and moral values—supported by structured routines and compassionate engagement. These methods have proven effective in building independence, discipline, and social responsibility, despite challenges like limited resources and varied child backgrounds. Novelty: This research provides a focused, in-depth analysis of responsibility-oriented parenting strategies in an orphanage context, offering practical implications for similar institutions. Implications: The results can inform policy and practice in child welfare organizations, highlighting the importance of consistent, value-based, and humanistic approaches to developing responsible character in vulnerable children. Highlights: Effective use of habituation, example, and task assignment. Integration of religious and moral values in daily routines. Humanistic approach despite resource limitations. Keywords: Parenting Strategies, Responsible Character, Orphans, Annur Orphanage, Character Education

Research Findings: This study presents the translation and validation of a parental mediation scale for short-form videos, designed specifically for parents of Chinese preschoolers aged 3 to 6 years. The original English Parental Mediation Questionnaire was translated into Standard Mandarin, following rigorous translation, back-translation, and expert review processes, resulting in a final scale consisting of 22 items categorized into five distinct subscales: co-use, general restrictive mediation, active mediation with protection, active mediation with technical usage, and restriction on content. The scale was administered to a sample of 393 parents, yielding a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.86, indicating high internal consistency. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive relationships between three subscales of parental mediation and parents’ attitudes toward children’s media usage, alongside negative correlations with measures of problematic media use. Thus, the findings provide initial support for the Parental Mediation Scale’s reliability and validity, highlighting its potential as a valuable tool for understanding and facilitating parental mediation strategies in the context of young children’s short-form video consumption in China. Practice or Policy: Educators and parents could utilize the validated mediation scale to guide preschoolers’ short-form video consumption. Policymakers should implement evidence-based guidelines promoting these targeted parental mediation practices to prevent problematic media use among young children.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the use of logistic regression in machine learning to distinguish the types of social media advertisements. Since the logistic regression algorithm is designed to classify data with a target variable that has categorical results, it is the one selected. As a result, this research intends to measure the efficiency of logistic regression for the classification of social media advertisements. This research centers on the social media advertisements dataset and employs logistic regression for classification purposes. The model is evaluated against performance metrics to measure the extent to which it can categorize social media advertisements. As a result, the findings of this study show that logistic regression is fit for classifying social media advertisements. Logistic regression is important for machine learning when it comes to classifying social media advertisements because it supports categorizing advertisements according to their characteristics and precisely predicts the categorical results.

Playing games occupies an essential place throughout life, particularly in childhood. With technological advances, urbanization, and the reduction of playgrounds, children’s engagement with digital games has steadily increased. This shift highlights the importance of raising parental awareness about children’s digital game preferences and gaming processes. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the “My Parent is My Digital Game Guide” Family Education Program in enhancing parental digital game guidance strategies among parents of preschool-age children. A one-group pre-test–post-test experimental design was employed. The study group consisted of 200 parents, selected through convenience sampling, from preschool children’s families in the central district of Ankara, Türkiye. Data were collected using the Digital Game Addiction Tendency Scale, the Digital Game Parental Guidance Strategies Scale, and a Personal Information Form. The program was implemented over seven weeks, totaling seven instructional hours. Data were analyzed through Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z, Homogeneity of Variances, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis H, and Wilcoxon signed-ranks tests. Results indicated a significant difference between pre- and post-test scores, showing that the program effectively improved parental guidance strategies regarding digital gaming. Moreover, boys exhibited higher digital game addiction tendencies compared to girls. Parent education programs that incorporate digital game guidance can contribute to strengthening parental strategies and reducing children’s risk of digital game addiction. Expanding such programs may benefit wider populations.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to systematically identify risk factors for urinary catheter-related hematuria in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). By integrating logistic regression and decision tree models, we sought to develop actionable strategies for risk stratification and complication prevention.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 209 AMI patients was conducted to evaluate predictors of hematuria, including demographics, coagulation indices (INR, platelets), and procedural variables. Logistic regression and decision tree (CART algorithm) models were employed to identify risk factors and their interactions. Model performance was assessed using ROC-AUC, sensitivity, and specificity.ResultsThe incidence of catheter-related hematuria was 32.5%. Both models identified persistent agitation during catheter indwelling and PLT ≤ 246 as common predictors. The logistic regression model specifically identified Gender (OR = 0.202), patient awareness of catheter purpose and precautions (OR = 0.470), and emergency catheter placement (OR = 2.257) as significant factors. The decision tree model uniquely identified INR > 0.955 and repeated complaints of urethral pain as predictors.ConclusionHematuria in AMI patients results from coagulation dysfunction, procedural trauma, and behavioral factors. The combined use of logistic regression and decision trees enhances risk stratification. Clinical strategies should prioritize gentle catheterization, dynamic coagulation monitoring, and patient education to reduce complications.

Introduction. This article investigates the factors influencing digital socialisation and their relationship with digital parental mediation strategies, within the context of educating children with disabilities. The relevance of this work arises from the limited existing research on digital socialisation for this specific category of pupils, combined with the acknowledged, pivotal role of parents and the pervasive digitalisation of contemporary society. Aim . This study aims to identify and analyse the structure of factors affecting the digital socialisation of children with disabilities, and to establish the correlations between these factors and parental mediation strategies. Methodology and research methods . The study is grounded in the cultural-historical approach of L. S. Vygotsky and the socio-cognitive concept of digital socialisation developed by G. U. Soldatova and A. E. Voiskunsky. The empirical component involved an online survey employing an adapted version of the “Digital Parental Mediation Questionnaire” alongside an author-designed questionnaire to evaluate factors influencing digital socialisation. The sample comprised parents of schoolchildren with impairments in intelligence, hearing, vision, or speech (n = 419), as well as a control group of parents of typically developing peers (n = 77). Results and scientific novelty. Factor analysis revealed a four-factor structure of digital socialisation: the child’s digital competence index, the parent’s digital competence index, the educational and social value factor of the digital environment, and the individual-personal factor. It was established that the strongest associations were observed between the components of the educational and social value factor of the digital environment and all mediation strategies. The weakest correlation was recorded between the individual-personal factor and control strategies. Practical significance. The findings of the study can be applied to the development of advanced training programmes for teachers and the psychological and pedagogical support of children with disabilities. They can also be used to optimise the planning of educational activities, taking into account the identified factors of digital socialisation.

Interactions between mothers and children have an important role in developing children's positive character and maternal happiness. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of mothers and children, the role of mother-child interactions in shaping children's positive character, and maternal happiness. This research use a qualitative method describe the reality of the events under study so that it is easier to get objective data. The sample was selected through a convenience sampling technique. Three mothers with children aged 2-6 years and are daily involved in parenting. The data collection techniques used in this study used method triangulation using (semi-structured interview, observation, and Focus Group Discussion). Three themes emerged elaborating parents' understanding of mother-child interactions: forms of interaction, ways of interaction, and the role of mother-child interactions. Three themes emerged from the research objectives further describing the involvement of the role of mother-child interactions in shaping children's positive character, namely: positive parenting, parental example and synergy, and parental strategies. From the last research objective, describing the involvement of the role of mother-child interaction in maternal happiness, three themes were obtained, namely: emotional bonding and support, religiosity, and children's achievement. Specifically, the results proved that all mothers viewed mother-child interactions as playing a significant role in shaping children's positive character and increasing maternal happiness.

This chapter discusses statistical models for a dichotomous qualitative response variable. The statistical models discussed are logistic regression models or binary regression models. The use of logistic regression has only recently been made possible with the widespread availability of microcomputers and statistical computing packages, and as a result, logistic regression models are now commonly used in biomedical research for modeling a dichotomous response variable as a function of a set of explanatory variables. The chapter also discusses methods for checking the assumptions of a logistic regression model. After fitting and assessing the fit of a logistic regression model, provided none of the assumptions are violated and the model is fitting the observed data adequately, the fitted model can be used for making statistical inferences about the relationship between the response variable and the explanatory variables. An important application of logistic regression is in the two-category classification problem.

We aimed to investigate associations between serum levels of the advanced glycation endproduct methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone (MG-H1) and retinopathy in a sample of patients with type 1 diabetes. We conducted a cross-sectional study in a Scandinavian ophthalmology outpatient clinic on 61 randomly selected patients with type 1 diabetes. Blood samples and retinal photographs were taken at the same visit. Serum levels of hydroimidazolone immunoreactivity were determined using an immunoassay, and levels of retinopathy were determined from seven standard field stereo photographs of each eye according to the ETDRS method. Results were compared between patients with and without retinopathy. Hydroimidazolone quartiles were significantly associated with retinopathy (p = 0.013). The most profound increase in occurrence of retinopathy was observed from the lowest to the second-lowest hydroimidazolone quartile. Adjusted for duration of diabetes using logistic regression, a significant difference in the presence of retinopathy was found when comparing the lowest quartile with the rest (p = 0.022). In our patients with type 1 diabetes, serum levels of hydroimidazolone were found to be associated with retinopathy. This is in keeping with findings in a larger sample of patients with type 2 diabetes.