TEXTUAL REDUCTIONISM: FROM ENGINEERING RESEARCH ARTICLES (RAs) TO THEIR SUBSEQUENT POSTERS

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Introduction functions as a showcase in research articles (RAs). It motivates the reader to read the rest of the paper. However, writing a well-crafted introduction is a complex task, mainly when the writer generates the manuscript in another language. This study investigated the rhetorical differences/similarities employed in the introductions of RAs published in Iranian and international ISI journals in Computer Sciences (CS) using Swales (2004) CARS model. Two sets of CS RAs (30 each) were randomly selected. Frequency and non-parametric tests were used to examine the differences between the two groups of introductions. The results indicated that M 1 S 1 (Generalizing the topic), M2 1A (Indicating the gap), M3 S1 (Describing the research), M3 S4 (Methods Summary), and M 3 S 6 (Stating research advantages) were used with high frequencies. M 2 S 2 (Announcing positive justification) was absent, and the others were in low preferences. Also, the Analysis illustrated a statistically significant variation between the introductions concerning the use of M3S7 (Demarcating the Research Organization). Findings support genre-based pedagogy in scientific writing classes to make the graduate CS students aware of these rhetorical structures conventional to introductions in CS RAs.

Journal of Morphology and Anatomy is a peer reviewed, open access journal that aims to understand human anatomy by analyzing its structure, function, development and evolution. The Journal also publishes original research articles on macroscopic anatomy, histological development, Morphological Sciences, Cell and Molecular Biology, Macroscopic Human Anatomy, and Microscopic Human Anatomy. Topics related to Macroscopic Animal Anatomy, Microscopic Animal Anatomy, History of Morphological Sciences, Morphology and Arts, Education in Morphology. It also publishes about the techniques for the Study of Morphology, Clinical Anatomy, Compared Anatomy, Pathological Anatomy, Anatomy and Anthropology, Embryology and Cell Biology. Morphology Applied to other Sciences like phonology, syntax, and semantics, the acquisition and processing of morphological information, mental lexicon, and morphological variation and change, models of morphology, morphological typology, the position of morphology in the architecture of the human language, and the evolution of language. The volume 3 includes the various aspects of morphology and anatomy has discussed by the authors from different parts of the world. In the research article, Mngu-Suur KR, et al. studied Morphometric Study the Male Reproductive Organs of the African Striped Ground Squirrel (Xerus erythropus) [1]. Iyiola S, et al. has discussed about the proliferation index of breast cancer among the Nigerian women is similar to other women from most parts of the world. The delay in presentation leads to high grades and advanced disease at presentation which eventually cause death [2]. Iyiola S et al. in their research article evaluated Mini Chromosomes Maintenance Complex Binding Protein as an Alternative Breast Cancer Cells Proliferative Marker to Monoclonal Ki67 [3]. Nnadozie O, et al. investigated Assessment of the Morphological Development of the Thymus in Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) [4]. Abera M, et al. reviewed Maize Lethal Necrosis a Viral Disease, an Emerging Treat to Maize Production in Ethiopia in their review article [5]. Pares-Casanova PM has demonstrated in his research article about the results of this study raise future questions about the influence of skull biomechanics on its asymmetrical development, but also about how management, ingesta-specific properties (such as abrasiveness) and domestication can influence this response [6].

A wide body of animal and human research suggests that MDMA/ecstasy use is associated with lasting serotonergic neurotoxicity, particularly in mediotemporal and frontostriatal brain regions (Benningfield, 2013; Green, Mechan, Elliott, O'Shea, & Colado, 2003). Serotonin is important for a wide range of neurocognitive and psychobiological processes, and therefore neurotoxicity in these regions may have significant functional implications for ecstasy users. The objective of this thesis was to examine the neurocognitive and psychobiological effects of ecstasy that may be associated with serotonergic damage to mediotemporal and frontostriatal regions. Specifically, we examined this using an overnight memory consolidation paradigm. Overnight memory consolidation refers to the process of memory enhancement and increased resistance to interference that occurs across an episode of sleep, relative to a similar time-frame of wakefulness (Stickgold & Walker, 2013). The consolidation of declarative material in healthy participants is associated with prefrontal slow wave activity normally observed during deep sleep (Mander et al., 2013). The findings outlined above of serotonergic dysfunction in frontostriatal regions, coupled with evidence that ecstasy users have disrupted sleep architecture (Ogeil, Rajaratnam, & Broadbear, 2012) led us to hypothesise that ecstasy users will show impairments in the overnight consolidation of memory. We examined this hypothesis in two overnight consolidation studies. The first explored the overnight consolidation of emotional material using a visual recognition task delivered in an online environment. We found that compared to drug-naive controls (N=16), ecstasy users (N=15) tested after a period of sleep had stronger memory for negative visual images relative to neutral visual images. We suggest that this is due to a negative attribution bias, whereby material with negative content is preferentially consolidated and better recalled relative to material with neutral or positive content. The second overnight consolidation study utilised a verbal memory task to explore overnight memory consolidation in a laboratory setting. The task assessed whether sleep protects against interference from similar material, a phenomenon that has been confirmed in several studies among drug-naive controls (e.g. Ellenbogen, Hulbert, Jiang, & Stickgold, 2009). The results indicated that ecstasy users (N=12) did not show the same resistance to interference that was conferred to control participants (N=13) by overnight consolidation processes. Furthermore, our objective measurement of sleep architecture indicated that ecstasy users spent less time in deep sleep relative to controls, indicating that less time was spent in sleep stages that are known to be important for overnight memory consolidation. Together, this data suggests that ecstasy users experience dysfunctional sleep leading to impaired overnight memory consolidation. Finally, additional functional implications of disrupted mediotemporal and frontostriatal circuitry were examined using neurocognitive tasks that recruit these regions. Consistent with past research, we found reduced performance in a (same day) declarative long term memory task in ecstasy users. We also found that ecstasy users were selectively impaired on tasks of encoding, proactive interference memory, updating of working memory and complex planning, and therefore propose that executive functioning tasks engaging a higher cognitive load might reveal more subtle neurocognitive impairments experienced by ecstasy users. This thesis highlights the presence of selective neurocognitive executive dysfunction among ecstasy users. Furthermore, this thesis provides a unique contribution to the literature by demonstrating the key role of disrupted overnight consolidation processes in subsequent dysfunctional memory recall.

Data on novel synthetic approaches to molybdenum imido alkylidene N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes including the first NHC alkylidene complexes featuring pentafluorophenyl‐substituted imido ligands, highly basic 6‐Mes (6‐Mes = 1,3‐dimesityl‐3,4,5,6‐tetrahydropyrimidin‐2‐ylidene) NHC ligands and the preparation of the first representatives of cationic 14‐electron Mo imido alkylidene NHC catalysts bearing sterically demanding anionic terphenoxide ligands. Synthetic approaches and data are presented in the research article. Herein, we publish all primary data files of NMR measurements related to the research article mentioned under related publications. The data files are structured according to the numbering of the molecules in the research article. Additionally, a PDF-file including all the molecular structures and their numbers has been added. Crystallographic data was published in the CCDC as stated under related datasets . This dataset contains the following data types: NMR data (raw data, Bruker-zip files)

The objective of this study is to analyze the lexical density of the texts of English for Islamic Studies of IAIN Raden Intan Lampung. The writer conducted this study to find out the lexical density of the texts included in the textbook that is commonly used as an instructional material for the students of non-English Education Study Program in their English Subject. The type of the study used in this case is descriptive qualitative research. This study is done by analyzing fourteen (14) texts presented in the textbook by determining the content words and grammatical words and then calculating the amount of the content words divided to the total words of each text. Based on the analysis, it was found that seven texts contained in the textbook of English for Islamic studies are in the low lexical density category, six texts are in the normal category, and one text is in the high lexical density categories.

The field of Scientometrics is concerned with the analysis of science and scientific research. As science advances, scientists around the world continue to produce large numbers of research articles, which provide the technological basis for worldwide collection, sharing, and dissemination of scientific discoveries. Research ideas are generally developed based on high quality citations. Understanding how research ideas emerge, evolve, or disappear as a topic, what is a good measure of quality of published works, what are the most promising areas of research, how authors connect and influence each other, who are the experts in a field, what works are similar, and who funds a particular research topic are some of the major foci of the rapidly emerging field of Scientometrics. Digital libraries and other databases that store research articles have become a medium for answering such questions. Citation analysis is used to mine large publication graphs in order to extract patterns in the data (e.g., citations per article) that can help measure the quality of a journal. Scientometrics, on the other hand, is used to mine graphs that link together multiple types of entities: authors, publications, conference venues, journals, institutions, etc., in order to assess the quality of science and answer complex questions such as those listed above. Tools such as maps of science that are built from digital libraries, allow different categories of users to satisfy various needs, e.g., help researchers to easily access research results, identify relevant funding opportunities, and find collaborators. Moreover, the recent developments in data mining, machine learning, natural language processing, and information retrieval makes it possible to transform the way we analyze research publications, funded proposals, patents, etc., on a web-wide scale. The workshop aims at bringing together researchers with diverse interdisciplinary backgrounds interested in mining large digital libraries and other relevant databases. The topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

The current research aimed to explore the rhetorical moves in abstracts of English and Persian Mining Engineering research articles. For this purpose, 60 abstracts written by native speakers of English and Persian were analyzed based on Hyland’s (2000) model of five rhetorical moves to explore the pattern of moves in abstract sections. Findings suggested that there were four conventional moves in abstracts in the English corpus (PMPrC), while there were five conventional moves in abstracts in the Persian corpus (IPMPrC). Results of statistical analyses show that there was a statistically significant difference in Purpose move in the two dataset. However, there were not any significance differences in the use of other moves such as product, method, and conclusion moves in the corpora. Keyword: Abstract, Genre, Move pattern, Mining Engineering

<p>Les Systèmes d’Information (SI) se proposent comme des systèmes technologiques efficaces afin de libérer le potentiel des organisations à l’égard de l'intégration des processus d'affaires et de gestion. L’objectif de la présente recherche consiste à proposer un cadre conceptuel et théorique permettant de clarifier la relation entre la corruption et le processus d’adoption des SI dans un contexte organisationnel. Cette analyse propose un cadre de travail permettant d’étudier l’influence de la corruption sur le processus d’adoption et d’appropriation des SI, les facteurs en cause de détournement d’usage des SI, ainsi que les formes de détournement des usages des SI. Notre recherche gravite autour des pratiques corruptives des utilisateurs finaux dans un contexte organisationnel, et l’influence de ces pratiques sur le processus d’adoption des SI. Une discussion sur comment et dans quelle direction les pratiques de corruption influencent-elles le processus d’adoption des SI au niveau des entreprises est proposée dans la section introductive. Dans cet esprit d’analyse, notre travail porte dans une deuxième section sur la revue de la littérature qui concerne successivement l’adoption des SI, le processus d’adoption des SI et la relation entre la corruption et l’usage de des SI puis, dans une troisième section, nous tentons de répondre à la question principale de notre recherche à savoir : Quels sont les facteurs en cause de détournement d’usage des SI au sein d’un contexte organisationnel et quelles sont les pratiques de corruption les plus fréquentes dans le processus d’adoption des SI ?</p>

With the accelerated speed of globalization and rapid development of science, new information of various disciplines is blowing up in a fantastic rate. And the latest achievements in the developing process are to be shared on a global scale, therefore, worldwide academic exchanges become increasingly frequent. English abstract, being an essential part of most research papers, is regarded as a bridge in the process of international information transmission and academic communication, since readers home and abroad can sort out needed research papers only by a speedy look at the abstracts. Obviously, the quality of an English abstract will greatly affect the degree of spreading and acceptance of a research article. In view of the vital role played by English abstracts in the process of academic exchanges, many scholars at home and abroad focused their studies on abstract s writing and translation, and the results were fruitful. This review mainly introduces the previous studies on the translation of abstract of TCM paper. Emphasized the importance of standard and Indicate the existing problem.

Lexical bundles, frequent word combinations that commonly occur in different registers, have attracted researchers in corpus linguistics in the last decade. While most previous studies of bundles have been mainly concerned with variations in the use of these word sequences across different registers, very few studies have focused on their use across disciplines. To address possible disciplinary variations in the use of these word combinations in academic register, this quantitative and qualitative study chose to investigate, compare, and contrast range, frequency, and function of anticipatory it bundles as a sub-set of these word clusters with important metadiscursive functions in published writing. For this purpose, the study zoomed in research articles of applied linguistics and analytical chemistry as a soft and hard science, respectively. The results indicated that generally anticipatory it bundles could be regarded as a distinctive characteristic of academic writing in both disciplines. At the same time, each discipline was found to draw almost on a particular set of it bundles in the development of its discourse. However, analytical chemistry seemed to rely more on these bundles in the development of its discourse. Functional analysis also showed that it bundles served a wide variety of functions in both disciplinary areas. Therefore, this study called for a more robust pedagogical focus on different multi-word sequences like anticipatory it lexical bundles. The findings also highlighted the importance of a more genre-focused EAP (English for academic purposes).

When exploring new environments, people regularly alternate among many sources of spatial information including direct visual input, navigation aids such as maps and mobile devices, and verbal route descriptions. These spatial representations typically depict the environment from one of two perspectives: first-person, embedded route perspective or top-down, bird's eye survey perspective. Visual spatial cognition research has explored the nature of learning within each of these perspectives independently, but little work has been done to explore how on-line visual processing of combined perspectives affects cognition, meaning there is little understanding of the cognitive costs of using different navigation tools to learn large-scale environments. This dissertation addresses such questions through two experiments that guide participants through simple paths in large-scale environments, each consisting of a simple path through a small virtual town presented on a desktop computer display. By timing participants' movement through each environment and how they respond to either externally-controlled or participant-controlled perspective switches, the experiments measure the cognitive load of visually processing dynamic perspectives during navigation. These on-line processing measures are complemented by tests of visual recognition and recall memory, which reveal how switching perspectives affects the accuracy of the resulting spatial mental model. The results indicate that the cognitive load associated with changing perspectives is primarily dependent on the quantity of visual information the change introduces -- the transformation itself is not particularly disorienting after the first exposure to the environment. Furthermore, although forced perspective switches do not appear to significantly affect spatial memory accuracy relative to viewing the environment from a consistent perspective, navigator-controlled switching results in significantly more accurate spatial memory, indicating that navigation aids which allow for perspective control might better support spatial learning than fixed-perspective interfaces. The findings also support previous research showing that route perspective navigation generally yields more accurate spatial memory than survey perspective learning, particularly after extensive experience in the environment. Overall, the findings demonstrate many new aspects of how perspective affects spatial cognition, with implications for spatial learning and the design of navigation aids.

A comprehensive understanding of the needs of the user is required to design adequate workplace systems in general, but especially in the highly digitised area of industry where operators are interacting with autonomously operating machines. There is little knowledge in design criteria for professionals to enable adequate developments of system design for Human-Machine Interaction, e.g. Human-Robot Collaboration regarding the effects of design decisions to all three levels of Human Factors, i.e. physiological, cognitive and organisational limitations. Moreover, there is little known about objective measurement procedures that evaluate whether the operator subjectively perceives the workplace system design as assistance and improvement. The research presented in the following is affiliated with the scientific discipline of Human Factors Engineering and focuses on the evaluation of Human Factor issues within the digitised industry. Based on broad theoretical and empirical investigations, the results of this research extend our knowledge of adequate Human-Centred Design by providing reliable, powerful design criteria for workplaces where operators interact with machines/collaborate with robots, but also an overall technique, the Objective Workload Detection Method, for evaluation of the effectiveness of design investigation focusing on cognitive stress relief. Through the application of this method within a controlled experiment, the validation of the derived design criteria was confirmed. The study significantly shows how the cognitive workload can be relieved by an assisting environment. This work also gives one best-practice design example of a self-adapting workplace system for hybrid Human-Robot Teams. Following the Human-Centred Design method, the concept of Assisting Industrial Workplace System for Human-Robot Collaboration has been successfully developed as a flexible hybrid unit design. The prototype is related to a real-world scenario from the aerospace industry and the demonstrator was implemented within a laboratory set-up. This work seamlessly applies techniques from interdisciplinary science fields, e.g. Engineering, Neuroscience, Gestalt theory, and Design. Equally, the design criteria and the evaluation method will support professionals from varied disciplines to succeed in the creation process of future system-designs by giving a clear indication of future Human-Centred Design research.

In the course of the last few decades web-based communication has facilitated the dissemination of scientific knowledge and has contributed to making material which was primarily targeted to the expert community also available to the wider public. For such a mass of information to be effectively comprehended, some changes became necessary in order to facilitate web-searches and locate relevant material when browsing online archives. In the light of the above, the genre of research article (RA) abstracts in online academic publications seems to be particularly interesting, since its distinctive generic function is to both attract the readers’ attention and synthetically anticipate the content of the ensuing RA. This paper compares abstracts in print issues and those available in electronic format of the Washington Law Review to see whether and to what extent the concern for piquing readers’ curiosity to continue reading the associated RA has affected abstract writing. The focus will be placed particularly on knowledge dissemination (KD) resources such as the labels used to refer to the associated RA, the verbs employed to describe the type of scientific activity performed by the RA and, finally, the metadiscursive markers (namely frame and endophoric markers) used to provide interpretive guidance to readers.

Historically, bitmap indexing has provided an important database capability to accelerate queries. However, only a few database systems have implemented these indexes because of the difficulties of modifying fundamental assumptions in the low- level design of a database system and in the expectations of customers, both of which have developed in an environment that does not support bitmap indexes. Another problem that arises, and one that may more easily be addressed by a research article, is that there is no definitive design for bitmap indexes; bitmap index designs in Oracle, Sybase IQ, Vertica and MODEL 204 are idiosyncratic, and some of them were designed for older machine architectures. To investigate an efficient design on modern processors, this paper provides details of the Set Query benchmark and a comparison of two research implementations of bitmap indexes. One, called RIDBit, uses the N-ary storage model to organize table rows, and implements a strategy that gracefully switches between the well-known B-tree RID-list structure and a bitmap structure. The other, called FastBit is based on vertical organization of the table data, where all columns are individually stored. It implements a compressed bitmap index, with a linear organization of the bitmaps to optimize disk accesses. Through this comparison, we evaluate the pros and cons of various design choices. Our analysis adds a number of subtleties to the conventional indexing wisdom commonly quoted in the database community.